Mhlawumbe akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ngale nyoni yengoma encane efana nale umpompi wokudansaonengubo enhle. Kuzoba mnandi kakhulu ukuqonda imininingwane yempilo yakhe, ukuveza izici zangaphandle zale nyoni, cabanga ngemikhuba nesimo, chaza izindawo zokuthunyelwa unomphela futhi uthole ukuthi kungani amaphiko athola igama langempela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Thepha umdanso
Umdanso ompompi uyinyoni yengoma engeye-oda labadlulayo nomndeni wezintaka. Igama lale nyoni liyefana negama lomdanso, okuyisici esiyinhloko esishaya isigqi ngosizo lwezithende. Vele, inyoni enezimpaphe ayazi ukuthi idansa kanjani, kepha ikhiqiza umsindo ofana nomdanso ompompi ngosizo lwezinsimbi ezikhuluma ngayo. Ukuthinta okunjalo ngentshiseko kuzwakala kuphela kwabesilisa ngesikhathi senyoni yomakoti. Ngezinsuku ezejwayelekile, umdanso ompompi uyisidina ngokwengeziwe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lihunyushwe lisuselwa kwisiLatini, igama elithi ptahi lisho ukuthi “ameva avuthayo”, lokhu kungenxa yemibala ebomvu klebhu ekhona ngemibala yezimpaphe nezimpaphe ezinde ezinhlangothini.
Ngaphandle, umdanso ompompi uyafana neLinnet, iSiskin noma iGoldfinch. Ngokwesayizi, le nyoni incane kakhulu, incane kakhulu kunondlunkulu. Ubude bomdanso ompompi ojwayelekile buhluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-14 cm, futhi isisindo saso singama-gramu ayi-12. Okuheha kakhulu kumbala wezinyoni womdanso ompompi ukuphatha ikepisi elibomvu, elizidonsela amehlo ngokushesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zabadansi bompompi: umdanso ompompi ojwayelekile, umdanso wompompi wasentabeni (ophuzi-ikhala), umdanso wompompi womdanso (itundra). Sizogxila ekubukeni komdanso ompompi ojwayelekile ngokuningiliziwe kungekudala, futhi manje sizochaza kafushane ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili.
Ividiyo: Thepha umdanso
Umdanso wompompi wasentabeni (ophuzi-ekhaleni) ufana kakhulu neLinnet. Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-14, kanti isisindo sisuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 gram. Endaweni yesifuba, amachashazi abomvu ahlukaniswe ngokugqamile, amachashazi ansundu ayabonakala ngemuva, kanti iqolo linombala omnyama. Uqhwaku olunezimpiko lumi njengesigaxa, ehlobo umbala waso uyimpunga, kanti ebusika luphuzi. UYellownose ukhethe ingxenye esenyakatho yeYurophu ne-Asia Ephakathi. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala zodwa, kepha eziningi zalezi zinyoni ziyafuduka, zigijimela ebusika eduze nolwandle lwaseningizimu.
Umdanso wompompi we-Ash (tundra) ufana kakhulu nesihlobo sawo esijwayelekile, kepha unombala okhanyayo, ubude bomzimba buyahluka kusuka ku-13 kuye ku-15 cm, kanti inyoni inesisindo esingama-20 amagremu. Ngemuva kwalomdanso ompompi kumpunga, ikhanda nesisu kukhanya, kufakwe imivimbo, kanti indawo engenhla yomsila imhlophe. Indoda inebhibhi elibomvana. Kokubili owesilisa nowesilisa banesigqoko esibomvu. Izimpaphe zihlala eGreenland, emazweni aseBaltic, eScandinavia, e-Iceland, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezwe lethu. Ensimini ye-Central Europe ingatholakala, kepha kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umdanso wompompi
Ake sicabangele izici nezici zangaphandle zesibonelo somdanso ompompi ojwayelekile. Njengoba sekushiwo, umdanso ompompi uyinyoni encane kakhulu, elingana nosayizi wesikhumba, ubude bomzimba wayo busuka ku-12 kuye ku-15 cm, futhi isisindo sayo sisuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 gram. Ubude bomdanso ompompi ojwayelekile buhluka kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-8.5 cm, kanti amaphiko afinyelela ubude kusuka ku-19 kuye ku-24 cm.
Umehluko wobulili kubadansi bompompi uboniswa ngombala wezimpaphe zabo. Kwabesilisa, imvunulo igqoke ngokwengeziwe, ikhanya futhi iwubukhazikhazi, badinga nje ukubukeka besemfashinini futhi behehe ukuze bahehe abalingani babo. Bobabili abesilisa banendawo ebomvu (ikepisi) ekhanda, kepha abesilisa banamachashazi abomvu ngokubomvu esifubeni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ingaphakathi lesidoda linombala onsundu ngokumpunga noma mpunga okhanyayo, ngesisu esimhlophe ngokusobala ngaphansi kwesifuba esibomvana. Kukhona namathoni abomvana endaweni yomsila engenhla. Impaphe esemaphikweni igqoke umthunzi onsundu onsundu, ohlotshiswe ngombala omhlophe. Imibala yabesifazane ilawulwa yimibala ensundu nokumhlophe. Lapho owesilisa enamabhande abomvu ngokubomvu (ngaphandle kwekhanda), insikazi inezimpaphe ezimhlophe. Umbala wezilwane ezisencane uyefana nowesifazane.
Uqhwaku oluncane kodwa olukhanyayo lomdansi wompompi lubonakala kahle, olunombala ophuzi, lunothiphu omnyama, ubude balo bungaba isentimitha elilodwa. Izinhlangothi zabadansi bompompi zifakwe imivimbo ensundu emnyama, nayo ebahlobisa kakhulu. Izinyoni ezincane zifika ngemihlambi emincane, lapho kukhonya khona ukukhala nokungasho lutho kulawula njalo. Abadansi be-Tap banezidladla eziqinile zombala omnyama (ocishe ube mnyama), ngosizo lwabo bangatholakala emagatsheni asezikhundleni ezahlukahlukene, ngisho nangaphezulu, uma kulula kakhulu ukubamba imbewu namajikijolo ngale ndlela.
Manje uyazi ukuthi umdanso wompompi ubukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi le nyoni ihlala kuphi.
Uhlala kuphi umdanso wompompi?
Isithombe: Umdanso wompompi wezinyoni
Abadansi be-Tap bangabizwa ngokuthi yi-birdies ehlangene, bahlangana emhlanjini omncane, abahamba ngawo, behamba ngenkuthalo futhi bekhala ngokuzwakalayo. Abadansi bamompompi bazinza engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, bakhetha iGreenland, izindawo ezinezihlahla zezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ebuningini bezwe lethu, izinyoni zingatholakala emathafeni nasehlathini laseTrans-Baikal naseUsuri, lapho kuhlala khona inyoni yaseCaucasus nenhlonhlo yaseCrimea.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abadansi be-Tap bayimizulane futhi bayathutha, lokhu kuhlobene ngqo nokuba khona kwesisekelo sokudla nesimo sezulu sendawo abahlala kuyo unomphela. I-nomadism imisiwe okwesikhashana lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuzalela nokukhulisa amatshwele.
Abadansi be-Tap bathanda ukuhlomisa izidleke zabo ku-tundra, lapho kunenqwaba yokukhula kwesihlahla, ikakhulukazi okubandakanya ama-birches amancane neminyezane. Imbewu ye-Birch ayikuphikisi ukudla izinyoni. Hhayi kaningi njengasendaweni yetundra, kepha umdanso wompompi uyatholakala nase-taiga, lapho kunezimfunda ezincane ezimanzi, izinyoni zihlala emfuleni osogwini nasezindaweni zamachibi, futhi zihlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi.
Abadansi bompompi abafudukayo abavela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zokuhlala baya ebusika ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia ne-Europe. Ezikhathini ezinzima zeqhwa, lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala nabantu, zihambele emapaki nasemadolobheni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abadansi bempompi abazizwa besaba kakhulu umuntu ongavinjelwa nhlobo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi bakhe izidleke zabo eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Ngabe umdanso wompompi udlani?
Isithombe: Umdanso wompompi wezinyoni egatsheni
Imenyu yokudansa kompompi ihluke kakhulu, le nyoni encane ingabizwa ngokuthi i-omnivorous. Ukudla kwakhe kufaka ukudla, kokubili izitshalo nezilwane.
Thepha umdanso uthanda ukudla:
- zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane (ikakhulukazi ama-aphid);
- imbewu yezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana (alder, birch, aspen, spruce);
- okusanhlamvu;
- ama-taiga amajikijolo (igwababa, i-lingonberry);
- ukhula.
Ukuthi imihlambi yabadansi bompompi idla kanjani kungabonakala emagatsheni e-spruce, lapho bekhipha khona imbewu kusuka ezigaxeni, ekukhuleni kwe-sedge, ezihlahleni ze-heather. Ukuthola imbewu, izinyoni zenza amaqhinga ahlukahlukene we-acrobatic, zizinamathisela kwizigaxa nasemagatsheni, zilenga ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ngisho zibheke phansi. Abantu abanezimpaphe abavuthiwe bakhetha ukudla kwezitshalo, ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni kutholakala ekudleni kwabo kuphela ngenkathi efudumele. Futhi izinyoni ezisanda kuzalwa zondliwa ngama-aphid.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yize abadansi bompompi bancane, isifiso sabo sikhulu kakhulu, kungabizwa nangokuthi akunakuphela amandla. Kulokhu, ukugcina abadansi bompompi ekuthunjweni kuyinkinga, ngoba akunzima ukubadlula ngokweqile. Izinyoni zikhuluphela ngokushesha futhi zingakhuluphala, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwazo.
Kubadansi bompompi abagcinwe ezimweni zokufakelwa, inhlanganisela yokusanhlamvu eyondla ama-canaries ilungile. Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu ye-hemp kufanele kuncishiswe ukugcina izinyoni zingakhuluphali. Ngokuvamile, umdanso omncane ompompi udinga ukudla okunomsoco, ukuze onezimpaphe azizwe emuhle, esesimweni esihle futhi ajabulise umnikazi wawo iminyaka eminingi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umdanso wompompi wamadoda
Njengoba sekushiwo, idlanzana lemihlambi yokudansa ngokuthepha, engaqashelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesixakaxaka esiqhubekayo sezinyoni nokutshiyoza. Lezi zinyoni zihamba kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza, kepha ukuqaphela ngokweqile akuyona iphuzu lazo eliqinile. Izinyoni ezincane zingandiza zisondele lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Ngokuqaphela ukusondela kwemilenze emibili, umhlambi undizela phezulu, kepha awundizeli kude, kepha cishe ngokushesha ubuyela emuva emagatsheni, lapho kunezinto eziningi ezikhangayo (izigaxa, imbewu, amacici).
Kwesinye isikhathi ngesikhathi somdanso ompompi kubonakala sengathi amagatsha ambozwa ngama-pom pompoms amancane, atholakala ngokweqile futhi ezikhundleni ezihluke ngokuphelele. Abadansi bamompompi bahlela izidleke zabo ekukhuleni okucinene kwezihlahla ezingezinde kangako, bazifihla ngokucophelela kubantu abahlukahlukene abangabafuni.
Ukuculwa komdanso ompompi kuzwakala ngesikhathi sonyaka womshado wezinyoni, kepha izinyoni aziculi njalo. Umculo uhlanganisa nemisindo eminingi efanayo: "che-che-che", "chiv-chiv-chiv", "chen-chen", njll. Zonke lezi zibabazo ziwumjikelezo, i.e. ziphindaphindwa njalo, ziyahlanjululwa ngama-trill abukhali.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ithalente lokucula labadansi bompompi lingathuthukiswa ngokuweqa ngama-canaries; inzalo enezimpaphe enjalo inezwi elimnandi futhi elimnandi kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo lwabadansi bamompompi, khona-ke labo abaqala ekhaya bathi izinyoni azithobeki. Bazala abadansi bompompi njengezilwane ezifuywayo, akuvamile, ngokusobala, hhayi wonke umuntu othanda ingoma yakhe, efana nokushaywa kwesibhamu. Uma ubheka abadansi bompompi ebusika, ungabona isimo sabo sokulwa, uhlamvu lwe-cocky nesibindi.
Ngemuva kokundizela ku-feeder, umhlambi wabadansi bompompi uyayilawula ngokushesha, uxoshe abanye abancintisana nabo abanezimpaphe, abakhulu ngosayizi (ama-bullfinches nama-titmouses). Izinyoni ezincane ezinezigqoko ezibomvu zihlala zisebenza ngokuzimisela, ngokubambisana, ndawonye, kancane ngokungacabangi nangokuzwana okukhulu. Ngokusobala, ingcindezi enjalo eshisekayo namasu asibindi ayadingeka uma unosayizi omncane kangako.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umdanso wompompi wabesifazane
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kusekhona iqhwa. Umsebenzi owandisiwe wezinyoni umemezela ukuza kwawo. Abagibeli bezindiza benza izindiza ezinjengegagasi lomoya ukuze bahehe umuntu wobulili obuhlukile.
Ukutshiyoza okungapheli nokuxokozela kuzwakala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Izingoma zokuthinta owesilisa zizwakala ngayo yonke indlela, futhi ingubo yazo iba namanzi amnandi kakhulu, abomvu abomvana ngokubomvu, abize intokazi yenhliziyo. Konke okuzungezile kugcwele amandla amakhulu futhi amangalisayo.
Imvamisa (kepha hhayi njalo), abadansi bompompi bathola inzalo kanye ngesikhathi sasehlobo, isizini ngayinye ishintsha indawo yendawo yabo yokwakha izidleke. Izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni, noma emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla. Isidleke sifana nesitsha esenziwe ngotshani obomile, amagatsha amancane, ukugeleza okuvela ezitshalweni, izimpaphe, izigaxa zoboya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abadansi bompompi abanobuqili nabangenangqondo abanesibindi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nesimo sengqondo sokuphanga. Izinyoni ezingenaso isigaxa sikanembeza zingantshontsha izimpaphe nezigaxa zomkhuhlane ezizithandayo ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni.
I-clutch yomdanso ompompi iqukethe amaqanda asukela kwayisi-5 kuye kwayi-7, igobolondo lawo linethoni eluhlaza okotshani, ngaphezulu kwalo kunezinhlamvu ezinsundu. Ekupheleni okuluhlaza kweqanda, ungabona ama-curls nodeshi. Umama okhulelwe uhlanganyela ekufukameleni, futhi umlingani onakekelayo uyamondla, alethe amajikijolo nezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene. Isikhathi sokufukamela sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-13.
Amachwane achanyuselwa awasishiyi isidleke sawo cishe amasonto amabili; abazali abakhathalelayo bazondla ngokulandelana, ikakhulukazi ngembewu ye-sedge ne-aphid. Ngenxa yokondliwa okusebenzayo, izingane zikhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha zenza izindiza zazo zokuqala ngokwazo, zizama ukuzitholela isidlo esisodwa zodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimbili ezinezimpaphe ngazinye ngesikhathi sasehlobo zikwazi ukukhulisa amazinyane amabili wamawundlu, futhi kuyaqabukela kube khona amathathu.
Ukukhula okuncane futhi kwakha imihlambi yayo, evame ukuhlala ezihlahleni ze-birch kanye ne-alder, lapho zondla khona. Isikhathi sokuphila somdansi wompompi ngokwemvelo sisukela eminyakeni eyi-6 kuye kweyi-8; ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zingaphila iminyaka embalwa ngaphezulu. Njengoba sebevele sebekhulile, abadansi bompompi basalokhu bekhuthele, bejabule futhi benonya, banesimilo esingenakuphumula.
Izitha zemvelo zomdanso wompompi
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umdanso ompompi
Ngokumangazayo, izazi zezilwane azikakatholi ukuthi ngubani ngempela oyisitha somdanso omncane ompompi endle. Kulesi silinganiso, kunokucatshangwa kuphela. Izazi zezinyoni zikholelwa ukuthi le nyoni encane inezitha ezanele.
Le nyoni igcinwa ngokushesha kwayo, ukushesha kwayo nethalente layo lokufihla izidleke zayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isidleke somdanso ompompi; kufihlwe ekukhuleni kwesihlahla esishisayo noma esihlahleni esiphansi sezihlahla. Izinyoni azizakheli izindawo zazo zokuhlala phezulu kakhulu, ngokusobala, ziyesaba izidlakela ezinkulu ezinamaphiko.
Ngokusho kokucabanga okuhlukahlukene, ososayensi babalwa phakathi kwezitha zomdanso ompompi:
- amakati ezejwayelekile;
- abamele umndeni we-weasel;
- izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama;
Izimbaza zikhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni, ngakho-ke zingalimaza indawo yokwakha isidleke sompompi womdanso, izilwane zivame ukuzitika hhayi kuphela ngamaphuphu angenakuzivikela, kodwa nangamaqanda ezinyoni. Abadansi basepompini abahlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni noma eduze nezinye izindawo zokuhlala abantu bangahlushwa amakati ajwayelekile athanda ukuzingela izinyoni. Izinyoni zisengozini ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho zindiza zisondela kubantu ukuze zizondle, ngoba ebusika izingane ziqinile kakhulu.
Vele, izitha zalezi zinyoni zingabalwa futhi njengomuntu, owenza umsebenzi wakhe ongakhathali wezomnotho, aphazamise ama-biotopes emvelo, ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngezidingo zakhe, asuse izinyoni ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, agawule amahlathi futhi asithinte kabi isimo semvelo ngokujwayelekile. okuthinta kabi impilo yezinyoni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Thepha umdanso
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa komdanso ompompi ibanzi kakhulu, kepha ayikho imininingwane ethile ngenani lalezi zinyoni ezincane. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukahlukene inani labo lingahluka kakhulu. Konke kuncike enanini lokudla endaweni ethile kanye nesimo sezulu ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka.
Lapho kunezigaxa eziningi, imbewu yezitshalo namajikijolo, imihlambi eminingi yabadansi bamompompi ingavela ngokuzumayo, imemezele ukufika kwabo ngokuxokozela nokutshiyoza. Izinyoni zizulazula zifuna ukudla, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zilandelele lapho inani labantu lazo likhulu, nokuthi lincane kakhulu, lezi zinkomba ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi azizinzile.
Ngokuqondene nesimo esikhethekile sokongiwa kwemvelo, umdanso ompompi ojwayelekile awunawo. Ngokwesigaba samazwe omhlaba i-IUCN, lezi zinyoni zingezinhlobo ezibanga ukukhathazeka okuncane, ngamanye amazwi, usongo lokuqothuka alulona olubi kubadansi bompompi, okuyizindaba ezinhle. Ensimini yezwe lethu, umdanso wompompi nawo awubhalisiwe kuRed Book. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imibhangqwana eminingi enezimpaphe iyakwazi ukuthola inzalo kabili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kathathu esikhathini esisodwa sasehlobo.
Yiqiniso, kunezici ezithinta kabi impilo yezinyoni, lezi, ikakhulukazi, i-anthropogenic. Abantu bathonya ngokungaqondile indlela yokuphila kwezinyoni, ezibandakanya okuhlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi, ezingathandeki emisebenzini yezemvelo. Umuntu ushintsha indawo, agawula amahlathi, alime umhlaba, aluse imfuyo, acwilise amaxhaphozi futhi angcolise imvelo yonke.
Konke lokhu kuthinta kabi abafowethu bethu abancane, kubalwa nabadansi bompompi, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, akukho ukwehla okukhulu enanini lezinyoni, ngakho-ke izinyoni azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.Kusenethemba lokuthi imfuyo yabo izohlala izinzile ngokuzayo.
Ekuphetheni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi okuncane umpompi wokudansa kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu, ngoba izinyoni zidla imbewu eningi yokhula kanye nenani elikhulu le-aphid eliyingozi ezitshalweni. Lezi zingane ezingesabi azibaleki kumuntu futhi ngezikhathi ezilambile zeqhwa zizama ukumcela usizo, zifika eduze nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu kanye nemikhombe yokudla. Ebusika, kubalulekile ukondla izinyoni ukwenza kube lula kuzo ukuthi ziphile ngenkathi enzima. Futhi ngeke basijabulise hhayi kuphela ngesimo sabo se-perky, ingoma engavamile, kodwa ngezigqoko ezibomvu ezibomvu, ezigqame ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwesizinda sasebusika esimhlophe njengeqhwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/19/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.08.2019 ngo-20: 47
