Uhla lwemvelo lokusatshalaliswa kwe-muskrat lubandakanya ingxenye enkulu yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Bajwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angenasawoti kanye namaxhaphozi amancane anosawoti, amachibi, imifula namachibi.
Incazelo ye-muskrat
I-muskrat ingummeleli wedwa wezinhlobo zayo nohlobo lwezilwane ze-muskrat.... AmaMuskrats yizinto eziphila emanzini omndeni omncane we-vole ongaphansi kwegundane futhi athathwa njengelinye lamalungu amakhulu emndenini wakwaMuridae enyakatho Melika. Babuye bazivumelanisa nokuba khona eRussia, eYurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia, lapho balethwa khona ngokuzenzela.
Ubuvila babo bangaphandle babaphoqa ukuthi bazijwayeze izindawo ezihlala emanzini. Leli ligundane elisemanzini elilimaza izindawo zezolimo zokunisela futhi lisebenza njengelungile lokuhleleka kwemigudu yemifula ngasikhathi sinye. I-muskrat ihlala kokubili endle yemifula namachibi, nasemachibini okufakelwa, ezimweni zamapulazi ngamanye.
Ukubukeka
Amagundane eMusk anoboya obungangeni manzi, ikakhulukazi anombala onsundu. Iqukethe izingqimba eziningana zoboya bokuqapha kanye nengubo yangaphansi. Lezi yimicu eminyene, enosilika esezingeni eliphakeme. Umzimba umbozwe ngejazi elijiyile, elithambile lokuvikela, kanye nezinwele zokuzivikela, ezinde, eziqinile futhi ezibonakala zicwebezela. Lesi sakhiwo sidala umthelela we-hydrophobic, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi awakwazi ukungena esikhunjeni soboya. AmaMuskrats anakekela ngokucophelela "ijazi loboya" bawo, ahlanze njalo futhi awagcobe ngamafutha akhethekile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umbala ungahlukahluka. Ingemuva nemilenze enomsila kuvame ukuba mnyama. Isisu nentamo zilula, zivame ukuba mpunga ngombala. Ebusika, ijazi lelo limnyama kakhulu, ehlobo, liyaphela ngaphansi kwelanga futhi likhanye ngomthunzi noma emibili.
Imisila yawo efana neyesilawuli icindezelwe ngemuva futhi ayinaboya. Esikhundleni salokho, zimbozwe isikhumba esinolaka, sengathi sicindezelwe ezinhlangothini, kuthi ezansi kube khona umqolo onoboya oshisayo oshiya uphawu emgwaqeni oxegayo njengoba uhamba. Ezansi kwayo kunezindlala ezihlabayo, ezikhipha iphunga elimnandi le-musky, lapho isilwane simaka khona imingcele yezindawo zaso. Umsila walesi silinganiso nawo ubamba iqhaza ekunyakazeni, usebenza njengesisekelo emhlabeni nanjengephini lokubhukuda emanzini.
I-muskrat inekhanda elincane elinomlomo ocijile. Ukubona nokuzwa kwephunga kukhule kabi, ikakhulukazi, isilwane sincike ekuzweni. Umzimba uyindilinga. Izindlebe zegundane le-musk zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi azibonakali ngemuva koboya obuzungezile. Amehlo mancane, aphumele ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sekhanda, futhi abekwe phezulu. Ngokuqondene namazinyo, njengawo wonke amagundane, ama-muskrats anezinsimbi ezibonakalayo kakhulu. Ziphumela ngaphesheya komlomo, zingemuva kwezindebe. Isakhiwo esinjalo sivumela isilwane ukuthi sidle izinto ngokujula ukuze amanzi angangeni emlonyeni womlomo.
Imilenze yangaphambili ye-muskrat iqukethe izinzwane ezine ezinemishwe kanye nenye encane. Amapulangwe angaphambili amancane anjalo alungele ukuphatha ngobuchule izinto zezitshalo nokumba. Emilenzeni yangemuva ye-muskrat, kunezinzwani ezinhlanu ezinemidwebo ezinesakhiwo esine-webbed ngokwengxenye. Yilokhu okuvumela isilwane ukuba sihambe kahle entweni yamanzi. Izici zomzimba zesilwane esidala: ubude bomzimba - amamitha ayi-470-630, ubude bomsila - amamitha ayi-200-270, isisindo esilinganisiwe - amakhilogremu angu-0.8-1.5. Ngosayizi, i-muskrat yabantu abadala ejwayelekile ifana nokuthile phakathi kwe-beaver negundane elijwayelekile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amagundane eMusk yizilwane ezingenakuphumula ezingasebenza ubusuku nemini... Bangabakhi bemibhede abasezingeni eliphakeme kanye nabembiwa emhubheni abamba imigodi emifula ewumqansa noma bakhe izidleke ngodaka nempilo yezitshalo. Imigodi yabo ingaba ngamamitha amabili ububanzi futhi ibe nobude obungamamitha ayi-1.2. Izindonga zendawo yokuhlala zingamasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala kuneminyango eminingi kanye nemhubhe engena emanzini.
Izindawo zokuhlala zihlukanisiwe. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela emazingeni okushisa asendlini afinyelela kuma-degree angama-20 ukufudumala kunamazinga okushisa angaphandle. Amagundane eMusk nawo enza lokho okubizwa nge- "feeder". Lesi ngesinye isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamamitha ayi-2-8 ukusuka embhedeni futhi sisetshenziselwa ukugcina ukudla ngezinyanga zasebusika. Ama-muskrat rip tunnels odakeni olusuka endlini yabo yokulala kuya "kumagumbi" abo ukwenza lula ukufinyelela kokuphakelwayo.
Amagundane e-Muscovy nawo angahlala eziteshini zokuhambisa amanzi zomhlaba wezolimo, lapho kukhona khona ukudla namanzi amaningi. Ukujula kwamanzi okufanele ukuthi i-muskrat iphile kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye ku-2.0. Abahlushwa isikhala esincane futhi abadingi ububanzi obukhulu. Inqubo yabo esemqoka yokuhlala kungukudla okuningi okutholakala ngokutholakala, okuhlinzekwa ngesimo sezitshalo ezisogwini lwasemhlabeni nezitshalo zasemanzini. Ubude bemigudu bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8-10. Isango lezindlu alibonwa ngaphandle, ngoba lifihlwe ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kwekholamu lamanzi. Ama-muskrats anendlela ekhethekile yokwakhiwa kwezindlu, okukuvikela ekukhukhulekeni. Bayakha ngamazinga amabili.
Kuyathakazelisa!Lezi zilwane zingabhukudi ezimangalisayo. Banokunye futhi ukuzijwayeza okukhethekile - ukunikezwa kwezakhamzimba egazini nasemisipheni ngempilo engaphansi kwamanzi ephumelelayo. Lokhu kunikeza amagundane e-musky amandla okumelana nesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokufinyelela emoyeni.
Ngakho-ke, ziyakwazi ukudilika okude. Kubhalwe phansi amacala esilwane esingaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-12 ngaphandle komoya elabhorethri nasemizuzwini eyi-17 endle. Ukutshuza emanzini yikhono lokuziphatha elibaluleke kakhulu kuma-muskrats, eliwavumela ukuthi abaleke ngokushesha kumzingeli ophishekelayo. Ngoba kubenza bakwazi ukuqapha ngempumelelo abantu abangabafuni nokubhukuda ngokuphepha. Phezulu, ama-muskrats abhukuda ngejubane elingaba amakhilomitha ayi-1.5-5 ngehora. Futhi lokhu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-accelerator eyimfihlo - umsila.
Zisebenzisa imilenze yazo yangemuva ukuhamba phansi. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba nobuningi bayo obukhulu nokuvilapha, ukunyakaza akubukeki kujabulisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bezinyawo zangaphambili, zibanjwa zivaleke ngaphansi kwesilevu futhi azisetshenziselwa ukuqhuma. Ngaphansi kwamanzi ukubhukuda, ama-muskrats azosebenzisa imisila yawo ngokusebenzisa ukuqhuma okuvundlile. Ukwakheka kwemizimba yabo ngenkathi bebhukuda kuyabavumela ukuthi basheshe bahambise amanzi ukuze bajahe owonile noma abalekele izilwane ezizingelayo. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokubaleka, izimbobo ezinjengemihubhe zingasiza, odakeni abazifihla ngempumelelo. Amagundane e-Muscovy angawagebha abheke osebeni lomfula alinde umhlaseli ngaphansi kohlaza, olungaphezulu kolayini wamanzi.
Isakhiwo sendlu sikuvumela ukuthi ugcine i-thermoregulation edingekayo kuyo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi samakhaza asebusika abandayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya emgodini alihlehli ngaphansi kuka-zero degrees Celsius. Kuze kube ngabantu abayisithupha abangahlala endlini eyodwa yasebusika ngasikhathi sinye. Inani elikhulu labantu ebusika livumela umnotho we-metabolic. Uma kunezilwane eziningi, ziyafudumala ndawonye.
Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezihlala eqenjini zinamathuba amaningi okusinda emakhazeni kunabantu abangabodwa. Ama-Muskrats athinteka kalula emakhazeni uma eyedwa. Umsila onqunu ngokuphelele wesilwane, ovame ukunqandwa yiqhwa, uzwela kakhulu emakhazeni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-muskrats angahlafuna emsileni wawo obandwe ngokuphelele ukuze alulame ngokushesha. Futhi, kuvame ukurekhodwa amacala odla inyama wangaphakathi. Isimo esinje singenzeka ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kweqembu lezindlu ezimeni zokushoda kokudla. Futhi, kuvame ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane nendawo.
Mangaki ama-muskrats ahlala
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yemuskrat ingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2-3... Konke kumayelana nezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwezilwane endle, okuyi-87% yabantu ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-11% kowesibili, ama-2% asele awahlali eminyakeni eyi-4. Ezimweni zasekhaya, ama-muskrats aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9-10, ngokuya ngesondlo esihle. Ngendlela, ukuwagcina ekuthunjweni kulula. AmaMuskrats adla noma yini anikezwa yona, futhi nenjabulo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okwandisiwe, ungangeza kwimenyu ukudla okuqukethe i-calcium. Njenge-cottage shizi, ubisi, inhlanzi epholile nenyama. Amagundane eMusk ajwayela ukubakhona kwabantu, kepha akufanele ulahlekelwe ukuqapha kwakho. Lezi zilwane zingathwala izifo eziningi.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-akhawunti okuqala amarekhodi omlando wabahlali baseMelika akhombisa ukuthi izinombolo zokuqala ezinkulu zalezi zilwane zitholakale eWisconsin. Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi azizange zihlolwe ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho kuhlala abantu abaningi esifundazweni esithile. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu be-muskrat bashintshashintsha kakhulu ngenxa yesomiso esishintshana nobusika obukhulu. Umonakalo omkhulu kunayo yonke owalethwa ngabantu wukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Namuhla, inani le-muskrat limakwe ngezinombolo zomlando, kepha ligcina izinga eliphakeme lobungqabavu besibalo sabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Indawo yemvelo itholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ukujwayeleka kwalezi zilwane kwenziwa eRussia nase-Eurasia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuze bandise inani labo, bahlala ezindaweni zamanye amazwe. Le ntshiseko ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhumba ze-muskrat ekukhiqizeni izimboni.
AmaMuskrats ahlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamachibi e-peat, imisele nemifudlana. Azideleli zombili izinqolobane zemvelo nezenziwe ngokwenziwe. Zitholakala ngisho nasendaweni eseduze nedolobha, ngoba ukuba khona komuntu oseduze akubethusi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Amagundane eMuscovy awekho ezindaweni ezinamakhaza ajulile amanzi ebusika nasezindaweni ezingenalo uhlaza lwemvelo.
Ukudla kweMuskrat
IMuskrat ngabathengi bama-trophic abasezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi abadla izinto zezitshalo ezifana neklabishi, umhlanga, ukhula nezinye izitshalo ezikhula emanzini nasogwini. Abantu abambalwa abangadli kahle bangadla ngempumelelo i-shellfish, i-crayfish, amaxoxo, inhlanzi kanye nesidumbu, uma kukhona okunye kwalokhu okukhona ngobuningi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-5-7% wemenyu ye-muskrat inemikhiqizo yezilwane.
Ebusika, bakhetha izinqolobane zokudla ukuze bathole ukudla okuyinhloko, kanye nezimpande ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezilimo eziyizigaxa.... Lezi zilwane zikhetha ukondla ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 ukusuka endlini yazo futhi, njengomthetho, ngeke zihambe, noma zidinga okuphuthumayo, ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-150.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Bangabazalisi bodwa futhi bangena ebusheni entwasahlobo yokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli kuye ngezimo zezulu zendawo. Emazweni afudumele, ukubeletha kungenzeka unyaka wonke, okungukuthi izikhathi ezingama-4-5 ngonyaka, ezimweni ezipholile - izikhathi ezingu-1-2.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kusuka ezinganeni ezi-4 kuye kwezi-7 zizalwa kudoti. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-30, futhi ama-muskrats asanda kuzalwa azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi ehamba ze. Intsha, ezalwe inesisindo esingama-21 amagremu, ikhula ngokushesha, ithola umsoco kunina ngamanye amasonto ama-2-3.
Umaskrat wesilisa akabandakanyeki kakhulu enqubweni yokukhulisa inzalo. Cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-15, izingane zivula amehlo, ngemuva kwalokho zingahamba ohambweni lwazo lokuqala. Cishe emasontweni amane emva kokuzalwa, ama-muskrats amancane kuzodingeka azinakekele ngokwawo, kepha imvamisa avunyelwe ukuhlala ekhaya lapho azalelwa khona kuze kube yizinyanga ezine ubudala. Kukhona isilinganiso sobulili esingalinganiseli kubantu be-muskrat. Ngokocwaningo, u-55% wabantu ungowesilisa.
Izitha zemvelo
Igundane le-musky liyinhlobo yezilwane ezidliwayo ezibalulekile ezidla izilwane eziningi. Zizingelwa yizinja, amankankane, izimfudu, izinkozi, oklebe, izikhova nezinye izilwane ezincane ezidlayo. UMinka ungomunye wezilwane ezinkulu ezidla izibankwa. Ukutadisha kokuqala kobudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili kukhombisile ukuthi usayizi wesampula wemikhiqizo engama-297 equkethe i-mink scaffolds, i-65.92% yayinezinsalela ze-muskrat.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
IMuskrat yizilwane ezisabalele, kepha, njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-10, inani labantu liyancipha. Isizathu sokwehla okuhlelekile kwezinombolo asikatholakali. Ngasikhathi sinye, amagundane e-musk ayanda kakhulu futhi azivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezahlukahlukene.
UMuskrat nendoda
I-muskrat muskrat ingenye yezinhlobo zezilwane zezimboni ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithwala uboya. Inani laso elikhulu lilele esikhunjeni salo esiqinile, esithambile. Inyama yala magundane nayo iyadliwa. Emadolobheni aseNyakatho Melika, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhasa kwamanzi". Ithole leli gama ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo nokwakheka okwehlukile kokudla.
Igundane le-musky lalithathwa "njengesinkwa nebhotela" lomgibe waseWisconsin. Ngo-1970-1981 Izikhumba eziyizigidi ezingama-32.7 zavunwa "ekubanjweni" kwamaxhaphozi aseWisconsin. Iningi lemikhuba yokuphatha yombuso ikuvumela ukuthi uthole inani elikhulu lesivuno se-muskrat. Ngokunjalo, izinga eliphezulu le-muskrat labantu liholela ekulimaleni kwendawo nasekwesakazekeni kwesifo esibhubhisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!UMuskrat ubelokhu edlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yoboya yaseWisconsin. Eminyakeni embalwa, inyama yalezi zilwane kwakuyisisekelo salokho okwathengwa futhi kwathengiswa embonini yoboya.
Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala kanye nasemizimbeni yamanzi, ama-muskrats alimaza izinhlelo zokunisela, amadamu namadamu ngenxa yamakhono awo okuqhuma. Ngakho-ke, amapulazi ayalimala, ukukhula kwelayisi kuhlushwa kakhulu "yimizamo" yabo. Ukukhiqizwa okungalawuleki kwama-muskrats kungalimaza uhlaza lwasogwini nolwasemanzini, kukudle ukudla okungalawuleki... Lezi zilwane ezinhle zingathwala izifo ezingaphezu kweziyishumi ezigxile ngokwemvelo. Phakathi kohlu kukhona ne-paratyphoid ne-tularemia eyingozi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, amagundane e-musk abaluleke kakhulu ngokombono wemvelo. Zisiza ekulondolozeni amaxhaphozi futhi zivuleke, zisuse izindlela zamanzi ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kohlaza lapho. Lokhu kuvumela ukugeleza okungaphazanyiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezibucayi kakhulu, kanye nezinambuzane, izinyoni zasemanzini nezinye izilwane.
