Izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ze-mink yaseYurophu ama-weasel nama-ferrets. Ngenxa yoboya bayo obufudumele nobuhle kakhulu, obuza ngemibala ehlukahlukene nemibala, egcinwe ikakhulukazi ebangeni elibomvu ngokubomvu, kuthathwa ngokufanele njengesinye sezilwane zoboya ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuhlukahluka kwasendle, kukhona neyasekhaya, futhi abathandi abaningi be-mink abagcina lezi zilwane hhayi njengomthombo woboya, kodwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Incazelo yeMink
UMink yisilwane esidlayo somndeni we-weasel, esingaphansi kohlobo lwama-weasel nama-ferrets.... Endle, yena, njengesinye sezihlobo zakhe - i-otter, uhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini futhi, njenge-otter, unesikhumba sokubhukuda phakathi kwezinzwani zakhe.
Ukubukeka
Lesi isilwane esincelisayo esincane, ubukhulu baso abudluli isigamu semitha, futhi isisindo saso asifinyeleli ngisho nekhilogremu. I-mink inomzimba ovulekile oguqukayo, imilenze emifushane nomsila omfushane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude baso busuka ku-28 kuye ku-43 cm, futhi isisindo sayo sisuka ku-550 kuya ku-800 amagremu. Ubude bomsila we-mink yaseYurophu bungafinyelela cishe ku-20 cm.Ngenxa yokuthi lesi silwane sihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, uboya baso abumanzi ngisho nokuhlala isikhathi eside emanzini. Imfishane, iminyene futhi iminyene kakhulu, inengubo yangaphansi ecebile, efana ne-awn, engangeni manzi. Uboya balesi silwane esinoboya buhlala bukhulu ngokulinganayo futhi buphaphatheka: ukushintsha kwezinkathi cishe akunamthelela kwikhwalithi yaso.
Inhloko ye-mink yaseYurophu incane maqondana nomzimba, ngomlomo omncanyana futhi oyisicaba ngaphezulu. Izindlebe eziyindilinga zincane kakhulu kangangokuba zicishe zingabonakali ngaphansi koboya obukhulu obukhulu nobuminyene. Amehlo mancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye aveza kahle, anamaselula futhi anempilo, njengakwamanye ama-weasel, ukubuka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-mink ihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, kunezingqinamba zokubhukuda ezinqeni zayo, ezithuthukiswa kangcono kakhulu emilenzeni yangemuva yesilwane kunangaphambili.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-mink yasekhaya yaseYurophu inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 ngombala woboya, kufaka phakathi okumhlophe, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-lilac, okungatholakali kubantu basendle balolu hlobo. Abazalisi, ngokufaniswa namatshe amatshe ayigugu nezinsimbi, baqhamuke namagama anjenge, isibonelo, isafire, itopazi, iparele, isiliva, insimbi, ukuchaza imibala yemink yasekhaya.
Umbala we-mink wasendle ungokwemvelo ngokwengeziwe: kungaba yimibala ebovu, nsundu noma nsundu. Kutholakala endaweni yasendle nasezinkomishini ezinombala onsundu onsundu ngisho nezimnyama ezicishe zibe mnyama. Kokubili iminki yasendle neyasekhaya, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezimhlophe ezimsulwa, imvamisa inezimpawu ezimhlophe esifubeni, esiswini kanye nesifonyo sesilwane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
I-mink yaseYurophu ihlukaniswa nesimo sayo sokuhamba nokuphila. Lesi sidalwa esisuka emndenini weasel sikhetha ukuphila impilo yodwa, sihlala endaweni ethile esihlala amahektha ayi-15-20. Isebenza kakhulu ebumnyameni, iqala ngovivi, kodwa futhi ingazingela emini. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-mink ithathwa njengesilwane sasemanzini, ichitha isikhathi esiningi ogwini, lapho ibheka khona inyamazane engaba khona.
Ehlobo, lapho kunokudla okuningi, kuhamba cishe ikhilomitha, kepha ebusika, ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, kungathatha ibanga eliphindwe kabili... Ngasikhathi sinye, ivame ukusika indlela yayo, iyifinyeze ngokuntywila ezindaweni ezivulekile nokunqoba ingxenye yomzila ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma ngokuhamba emseleni ombiwe ngaphansi kweqhwa. I-mink iyabhukudi futhi iyashintsha.
Emanzini, icwenga ngazo zombili izidladla ngasikhathi sinye, yingakho ukunyakaza kwayo kungalingani: kubonakala sengathi isilwane sihamba ngamajezi. I-mink ayikwesabi okwamanje: akusona isithiyo kuwo, ngoba cishe akukaze kwenzeke, ngaphandle kwamanje emifuleni esheshayo, ayihambisani nayo futhi ayiyikhuphi endleleni ehlose isilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-mink ayigobi nje kuphela futhi icwila kahle, kodwa futhi ingahamba phansi ezansi kwedamu, ibambelele emhlabathini ongalingani nezinzipho zayo ezidladleni zayo.
Kepha akagijimi akhuphuke kahle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ingozi ebucayi kuphela, efana nomzingeli ovele ngokuzumayo eduze, engaphoqa i-mink ukuthi ikhuphuke esihlahleni. Uzimba izimbobo ngokwakhe, noma uhlala kulabo abashiywa yimiskrats noma amagundane amanzi. Ingakwazi ukuhlala emifantwini nasezintweni ezisemhlabathini, emigodini engekho phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, noma ezinqwabeni zomhlanga.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-mink isebenzisa izindlu ezihlala njalo kaningi kunezinye izilwane ezivela emndenini we-weasel, othole igama layo. Imbobo yakhe ayijulile, iqukethe igumbi lokuphumula, izindlela ezimbili zokuphuma negumbi elibekelwe indlu yangasese. Njengomthetho, ukuphuma okukodwa kuholela emanzini, bese kuthi okwesibili kukhishwe emahlathini aminyene asogwini. Igumbi elikhulu limbozwe ngotshani obomile, amaqabunga, ubulembu noma izimpaphe zezinyoni.
U-mink uhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Ama-minks aseYurophu, ahlala endle, aphila iminyaka eyi-9-10, kepha izihlobo zawo ezifuywayo zinempilo yeminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengu-18, engeyona emfushane kakhulu isilwane esidlayo.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo, i-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-mink ikhonjiswa eqinisweni lokuthi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umehluko ngombala noma kunoma yikuphi okunye, ngaphandle kosayizi, izici zangaphandle, kubamele ubulili obuhlukile abubalulekile futhi, okungenzeka kakhulu, buxhomeke kuzici zofuzo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, i-mink yaseYurophu yayihlala endaweni enkulu esukela eFinland iya eziNtabeni zase-Ural. Kusuka eningizimu, yayiphethwe yizintaba zaseCaucasus namaPyrenees enyakatho yeSpain. Ngasentshonalanga, uhla lwalezi zinhlobo lwadlulela eFrance nasengxenyeni esempumalanga yeSpain. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi ukuzingelwa kwamaminks kwenziwe isikhathi eside, okuye kwaba kukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule, inani labo lehle ngokusobala, futhi uhla, obelunwebeka ngaphambili emgqeni obanzi oqhubekayo ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga, lunciphise iziqhingi ngazinye lapho zihlala khona lawa maKunya.
Njengamanje, iminks yaseYurophu ihlala enyakatho yeSpain, entshonalanga yeFrance, eRomania, e-Ukraine naseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yezwe lethu, abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala endaweni yeVologda, Arkhangelsk neTver. Kepha nalapho, i-mink yaseYurophu ayikwazi ukuzizwa ivikelekile ngenxa yokuthi ezindaweni zabo, iminki yaseMelika iya ngokuya itholakale - imbangi enkulu futhi incintisana nayo, iyisusa endaweni yayo yemvelo.
I-mink yaseYurophu ihlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ithanda ukukhetha imifudlana enamabhange athambile agcwele izitshalo ze-alder kanye nezitshalo ezinomuthi, nemifula yehlathi enokugeleza okunethezeka kanye nohlaza oluningi lwasogwini njengendawo yokuhlala yayo, ngenkathi ingekho emifuleni emikhulu nebanzi. Kepha futhi ingahlala endaweni esemaqeleni, lapho ivame ukuhlala osebeni lwamachibi, amachibi, amaxhaphozi, imicibisholo nezindawo ezinezikhukhula. Kuyenzeka nasezintabeni, lapho ihlala khona emifuleni esentabeni esheshayo enamabhange agcwele ihlathi.
Ukudla kwe-mink yaseYurophu
IMink isilwane esidlayo, futhi ukudla kwezilwane okudlala indima enkulu ekudleni kwaso.... Emanzini, ngobuciko ubamba izinhlanzi ezincane, ezakha ingxenye eyinhloko yemenyu yesilwane. Ogwini izingela amagundane amancane, amaxoxo, izinyoka ezincane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi - nezinyoni. Akayideleli i-caviar ye-frog kanye no-tadpoles, i-crayfish, ama-molluscs wamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinambuzane. Iziminki ezihlala eduze kwamadolobhana kwesinye isikhathi zingazingela izinkukhu, kuthi ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla ebusika zicoshe udoti wokudla eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lesi silwane sithanda ukuhlela izindawo zokugcina izimpahla emgodini wazo noma "kuma-pantry" ahlonyelwe ngokukhethekile. Uhlala njalo futhi ngokuzithandela egcwalisa lezi ziqiwi, ukuze kungafiki esitelekeni sokuphoqwa yindlala kumamink.
Ngokungafani nezidliwayo eziningi ezithanda inyama "ngephunga", i-mink yaseYurophu ithanda ukudla ukudla okusha. Kwesinye isikhathi angalamba ngisho izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili, ngenxa yokuswela noma yini enye, uqala ukudla inyama ebolile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ku-mink yaseYurophu siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, kuyilapho izimpi ezinomsindo zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamadoda, kuhambisana nokukhala okukhulu kwezimbangi. Ngenxa yokuthi inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba iqhwa licibilike ebangeni eliningi, izindawo lapho kwenzeka khona i-mink rut zibonakala ngokucacile ngenxa yemizila enyathelwe ngabesifazane ngasogwini, ebizwa ngemisinga. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane ngamunye baya endaweni yabo, futhi uma izindlela zabo ngaphambi komgwaqo olandelayo ziphambana futhi, khona-ke ngengozi.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40 kuya kwezingama-43 futhi kuphetha ngamathole amane noma amahlanu, yize, empeleni, kungaba kusuka kwababili kuya kwabayisikhombisa. Izingane zizalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi zingenakuzisiza, owesifazane uzondla ngobisi kuze kube amasonto ayishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-mink amancane aqala ukuzingela kancane nomama wawo, kuthi emavikini ayi-12 abe esizimele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kokuthi iminki ayihlobene nomndeni we-canine, amawundlu awo, kanye nezingane zabanye ama-weasel, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi imidlwane.
Kuze kube ukuqala kwekwindla, umndeni uhlala ndawonye, ngemuva kwalokho amawundlu asekhulile ayahamba ayofuna izindawo eziwalungele. Ama-Minks avuthwe ngokocansi cishe ezinyangeni eziyishumi.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zeminki zaseYurophu zimbili: i-otter kanye nesihlobo sabo, i-mink yaseMelika, abalethwe endaweni yaseRussia futhi cishe yonke indawo baqala ukucindezela futhi babhubhise "abaseYurophu" abancane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo, ikakhulukazi izifo zezinambuzane, lapho iminks yaseMelika ingabathwali nabathwali, nazo ziyingozi kwi-mink yaseYurophu. Ama-Ferrets, izinkozi zegolide, izikhova ezinkulu nezimpungushe nazo zingabekwa njengezitha zemvelo zemink.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, i-mink yaseYurophu ingeyezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani lalezi zinhlobo, ngokusho kososayensi, yilezi:
- Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.
- Ukuzingela.
- Nciphisa inani lama-crustaceans wamanzi angenasawoti afakwe kwisisekelo sokudla se-mink.
- Ukuncintisana ne-mink yaseMelika kanye nokuthola izifo ezithweleyo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa nge-ferret, okuvame ukwenzeka lapho inani lama-minks selivele liphansi, ngakho-ke akwenzeki njalo ukuthola umlingani phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo zabo. Inkinga ukuthi yize ama-hybrids abesifazane ekwazi ukuzala, amaduna ayisiphambano phakathi kwe-ferret ne-mink ayinyumba, okuholela esikhathini eside ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lohlobo.
- Ukwanda kwenani lezilwane ezidla ezinye, ikakhulukazi izimpungushe.
Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni iminki zaseYurophu, ezihlala endle, zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokoqobo.... Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi lapho lezi zilwane zisatholakala, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulondolozwa kofuzo nokwandisa inani labantu. Ngalokhu, kanye nokubhekwa njalo kwenani lezimbungulu, izinyathelo ezifana nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezigciniwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kofuzo kwenziwa kuzo, lapho inani elithile labantu ababanjwe endle ligcinwa futhi lifuyelwa ekuthunjweni uma kwenzeka liphela okokugcina endaweni yabo yemvelo. indawo yokuhlala.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu beyiphatha i-mink yaseYurophu kuphela ngokombono womthengi onentshisekelo kuphela ngoboya bayo obufudumele, obukhulu futhi obuhle, ngenkathi ekhohlwa ngokuphelele ukuzingela okungalawuleki nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo lapho lezi zilwane zihlala endle, kanye nalokho okwenzekile ukwethulwa sekwephuzile kwe-mink yaseMelika nakanjani kuzoholela ekwehleni kwabantu.
Bakubonile lokhu sekwedlule isikhathi, lapho sekuvele indawo yokuhlala enkulu yase-mink yaseYurophu kwakuneziqhingi ezincane kuphela, lapho lezi zilwane zisatholakala khona. Izindlela zokutholwa kokuvikelwa kwezilwane okuhlose ukukhulisa inani nokugcina isakhi sofuzo se-mink yase-Europe, yize kungencane, sithuthukise isimo, ukuze lolu hlobo lwe-weasel lube nethuba lokungaphili nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuzinza futhi kuzo zonke izindawo zalo zangaphambili.
