I-Photochemical smog iyinkinga nomkhiqizo wempucuko. Ayikaze yenzeke ezimweni zemvelo zasendle, kepha ivela njalo emadolobheni amakhulu emhlabeni. Uyini ngempela?
Umqondo we-Photochemical smog
Inkungu yinkungu eyenziwe ngezinto ezingcolisa umoya kunokuba kube amaconsi amanzi. Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, zingamagesi okukhipha imoto nentuthu evela kumabhizinisi asebenzayo. I-Photochemical smog yehlukile kunentuthu ejwayelekile ngoba akuyona inqwaba elula yokungcola, kepha ingumphumela wokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwabo.
Lesi simo senzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Okokuqala, endaweni ephakeme engaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba, inani elanele le-nitrogen oxide nama-hydrocarbon kufanele liqoqane. Isici sesibili esiyimpoqo ukukhanya kwelanga nesimo sezulu esizolile. Ngenxa yokushoda komoya, ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezibandakanyeka ekwakheni i-smog kuyanda kuze kufike umzuzu obucayi.
Izinto zingena ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali okuxakile komunye nomunye, okuhambisana nokwakheka okusebenzayo komusi oyinkungu. Izikhathi eziningi, izimo zokwenzeka kwazo kwenzeka ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla enelanga.
Kungani i-photochemical smog iyingozi?
Lolu hlobo lwentuthu luyingozi ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi okudingeka abantu bakudonse umoya. Izinto ezakha inkungu enjalo zingadala ukuphefumula okuncane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu nokukhwehlela. I-Photochemical smog iyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphethwe yizifo zesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yokuphefumula, isibonelo, isifuba somoya.
Intuthu yamakhemikhali inengozi yomthelela ebambezelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside nokuhlala njalo kuyo kungathinta impilo hhayi ngokushesha, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana. Ekuhlanganisweni kwezimo okubi kakhulu, ukwakheka kwenkungu kungaqukatha izinto ezinamandla ezibanga umdlavuza ezibanga umdlavuza.
Ukulwa nentuthu
Emhlabeni jikelele, izimo zokuvela kwe-photochemical smog zingacatshangelwa noma ngabe kuhlelwa ukukhokhelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ensimini yeRussian Federation nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane, kunamadolobha atholakala kusizungu esivimbela umoya nokusabalalisa izinto eziyingozi. INovokuznetsk iyisibonelo esihle, lapho kunamabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni, kepha idolobha lizungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu futhi alingeni "umoya omncane" owenele. Esimweni sezulu esizolile, intuthu icishe yakhiwa lapha njalo.
Ezimweni esezikhona, kubalulekile ukulwela ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emkhathini. Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokufeza lokhu kungaba ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuhlunga ezisebenza kahle kumabhizinisi. Okuningi emhlabeni jikelele, ushintsho kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kungenzeka.
Ukwethulwa kwezithuthi zikagesi ezizimele nezizimele kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nentuthu ye-photochemical. Ukungabikho kwamagesi okukhipha kuzonciphisa kakhulu isisekelo samakhemikhali sokwakhiwa kwenkungu eyingozi.
Enye indlela yokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo ezindaweni ezithambekele ekubhemeni kungaba ukudala umoya omncane wemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi obucayi ekwakhiweni kosizo nasekwakhiweni kokumbiwa ezikhungweni zezintaba.
Ngokwenzayo, kulezi zindlela ezingenhla, izakhiwo zokuhlunga kuphela ezethulwa kabanzi emabhizinisini ezimboni. Izinyathelo zokuvelela ezithe xaxa, njengokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezithuthi zomphakathi ezisebenza ngogesi, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa "kwamapayipi omoya" endaweni, kudinga imali enkulu. Futhi lokhu cishe njalo kuyinkinga enkulu.
