Ngokwabasosayensi, ikamela lingesinye sezilwane zokuqala ezifuywayo kanye nenja nehhashi. Ezimweni zasogwadule, kuyindlela yokuhambisa engenakubuyiselwa ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele zekamela zinezici zazo: zingakusindisa ekushiseni nasemakhazeni, ngoba iyize ngaphakathi futhi iyisivikelo esihle kakhulu esishisayo.
Ekugcineni, ubisi lwekamela nalo lubalulekile ngezakhi zalo zokudla okunomsoco. Inyama yekamela nayo ihlonishwa kakhulu ngezakhi zayo zokudla okunomsoco. Ngalokhu, isilwane esiqhoshayo sixolelwe imvelo yaso eyinkimbinkimbi.
Izici zesakhiwo somzimba wekamela
Isici esisobala kakhulu nesivelele sokwakheka komzimba wekamela i-hump.... Ngokuya ngohlobo, kungaba khona eyodwa noma ezimbili.
Okubalulekile! Okucacile komzimba wekamela yikhono lalo lokubekezelela kalula ukushisa namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngempela, ezingwadule nasemathafeni kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu wokushisa.
Ijazi lamakamela likhulu kakhulu futhi liminyene, njengokungathi lilungiselelwe izimo ezinzima zasogwadule, i-steppe kanye ne-semi-steppe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamakamela - iBactrian ne-dromedary. Ijazi likaBactrian lishubile kakhulu kunalelo ledrama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude nobuningi koboya ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba kwehlukile.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bayo bucishe bube yi-9 cm, kepha yakha i-dewlap ende kusuka phansi kwentamo. Futhi, ijazi elinamandla likhula esihlokweni se-humps, ekhanda, lapho lakha khona uhlobo lwethanga phezulu nentshebe ngezansi, kanye nape.
Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngale ndlela isilwane sivikela izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zomzimba ekushiseni. Izinwele ziyize ngaphakathi, okwenza zibe yisivikeli sokushisa esihle kakhulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunomehluko omkhulu kakhulu wokushisa kwansuku zonke.
Amakhala namehlo esilwane avikeleke ngokwethembeka esihlabathini. Amakamela awajuluki neze ukuze agcine umswakama emzimbeni wawo. Imilenze yekamela nayo ikulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila ogwadule. Azisheleli ematsheni futhi zibekezelela isihlabathi esishisayo kahle kakhulu.
Ama-humps owodwa noma amabili
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamakamela - nge-humps eyodwa nambili. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakamela ama-bactrian, futhi ngaphezu kosayizi nenombolo yama-humps, amakamela awafani kakhulu. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zikulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlala ezimweni ezinzima. Ikamela elinomsipha owodwa ekuqaleni belihlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kuphela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakamela asendle eMongolia omdabu abizwa ngokuthi yi-haptagai, kanti afuywayo esiwaziyo abizwa ngokuthi amaBactrian. Izinhlobo zasendle zekamela le-bactrian zibhalwe ku "Incwadi Ebomvu".
Namuhla sekusele amakhulu ambalwa kuphela. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, ukuphakama komuntu wesilisa omdala kufinyelela ku-3 m, kanti isisindo sifinyelela ku-1000 kg. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu obunjalo abuvamile, ukuphakama okujwayelekile cishe kungu-2 - 2.5 m, kanti isisindo singu-700-800 kg. Abesifazane bancane kancane, ubude babo abudluli ku-2,5 m, futhi isisindo sabo sisuka ku-500 kuye ku-700 kg.
Amakamela we-Dromedary one-humped mancane kakhulu kunabalingani bawo abane-humped.... Isisindo sazo singeqi ku-700 kg, kanti ukuphakama kwaso kungu-2.3 m. Njengalabo nabanye, isimo sabo singahlulelwa ngama-humps abo. Uma zimile, khona-ke isilwane sondlekile futhi sinempilo. Uma ama-humps elenga phansi, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isilwane besilambe isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuthi ikamela lifinyelele lapho kutholakala khona ukudla namanzi, isimo se-humps siyabuyiselwa.
Indlela yokuphila yekamela
Amakamela yizilwane ezifuywayo. Imvamisa zigcina zingamaqembu ezilwane ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-50. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuhlangana nekamela elinesizungu; bagcina bebethelwe emhlambini. Izinsikazi namazinyane kuphakathi komhlambi. Emaphethelweni, abesilisa abanamandla nabancane kunabo bonke. Ngakho-ke, bavikela umhlambi kubantu abangabazi. Benza ushintsho olude besuka endaweni baye endaweni efinyelela ku-100 km befuna amanzi nokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakamela ikakhulukazi ahlala ezingwadule, ezingwadule ezingama-semi kanye nasemathafeni. Basebenzisa i-rye yasendle, umhlonyane, ameva ekamela kanye ne-saxaul njengokudla.
Ngaphandle kokuthi amakamela angaphila izinsuku ezingama-15 noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwamanzi, asayidinga. Ngesikhathi semvula, amaqembu amakhulu amakamela abuthana osebeni lomfula noma phansi kwezintaba, lapho kuba khona izikhukhula zesikhashana.
Ebusika, amakamela nawo angaqeda ukoma kwawo ngeqhwa. Lezi zilwane zithanda amanzi ahlanzekile, kepha imizimba yazo ihleleke ngendlela yokuthi ingaphuza amanzi anosawoti. Lapho befika emanzini, bangaphuza ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-100 ngemizuzu eyi-10. Imvamisa lezi yizilwane ezizolile, kepha entwasahlobo zingaba nolaka kakhulu; kube nezimo lapho abesilisa abadala bejaha izimoto futhi behlasela nabantu.
Kungani ikamela lidinga i-hump
Isikhathi eside, bekukholelwa ukuthi amakamela adinga ama-humps njengezindawo zokugcina amanzi. Le nguqulo ibithandwa kakhulu futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi isanda kuphikiswa. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezifundo, ososayensi bakwazile ukufakazela ukuthi ama-humps ahlobene nakancane nomswakama onika impilo emzimbeni. Umhubhe ongemuva kwekamela uhlobo lwesinqolobane sezakhi zomzimba.
Ngamanye amagama, lezi izikhwama ezinkulu zamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba amakamela "awasebenzisayo" ngezikhathi zendlala. Lawa ma-hump awumthombo obalulekile wamafutha adliwayo kubantu emazweni nasezifundeni lapho inyama yekamela isetshenziswa khona njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-humps enza i-thermostat, ngenxa yokuthi ikamela alishisi kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakamela, angadingi kudla, anama-hump emi ame mpo, ngokuziqhenya ngokuziqhenya emhlane womnikazi wawo. Ezilwaneni ezilambile, ziyantanta. Amakamela amakamela angakha u-10-15% wesisindo sesilwane, okungukuthi, u-130-150 kg.
