Izinyamazane ezibomvu noma izinyamazane Ingabe izinhlobonhlobo zezinyamazane ezibomvu zase-East Asia. Itholakala ezindaweni zaseRussia: esifundeni sase-Angara, eTransbaikalia, esifundeni iKhabarovsk kanye nezinye izifunda zeMpumalanga Ekude. Uhlala eManchuria yaseChina.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu yizilwane ezinkulu ezinezinselo, ezesilisa zazo zinezimpondo ezinhle ezinamagatsha. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zincane futhi zinhle - akuwona wonke amalungu ezilwane zethu angathola isici esinjalo. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zinentshisekelo ethile ekuzingelweni kwezemidlalo nezindebe.
Incazelo nezici
Ukukhula kowesilisa ovuthiwe walesi sitshalo emahlombe kusondele kumamitha ayi-1.6. Ekwindla, izinyamazane ezibomvu zingaletha isisindo sazo sibe uhhafu wethani. Abesilisa nabesifazane baba mncane futhi bahle lapho ngokwezibalo nasekunyakazeni. Mhlawumbe yingakho igama lohlobo luqukethe i-epithet "enhle".
Imilenze yangemuva inamandla, icishe ilingane nobude ngaphambili. Ingemuva alithambekele: umugqa ovundlile ungadonswa phakathi kwe-nape ne-sacrum. Ikhanda livulekile, linomlomo obanzi. Kwabesifazane, isifonyo sibukeka sincane, sihlanzeke kakhudlwana.
Amehlo ezinyamazane abomvu aphakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-almond emise okweqanda. Abafundi bayashwabana, baphume kancane. I-iris ivame ukuba nsundu ngokuphuzi. Izindlala zangaphambi kokubeletha zihlukaniswe ngokusobala, kugcizelela ukujula kokubuka.
Amehlo nekhala yizici zomzimba eziveza kakhulu. Zihambisana nezindlebe ezinkulu. Amagobolondo athambekele ezinhlangothini naphambili, ngokuzethemba ethatha isikhundla sokuma. Igebe lendlebe libanzi impela. Ubuso obungemuva begobolondo buyi-convex. Ingaphezulu lendlebe liyindilinga, liyindilinga.
Intamo iqinile, yelulelwe ebangeni elilingana nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomzimba. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane banomhlwenga. Kwabesilisa, kuyabonakala kakhulu. Ngokungafani nentamo, umsila ubukeka ungathuthukile. Ngisho nendlebe yinde ukudlula umsila. Izimpondo zinelungelo labesilisa. Izinyamazane ezibomvu esithombeni ukuphonsa ikhanda lakhe kukhombisa into aziqhenya ngayo.
Kumuntu omdala, izimpondo zinamagatsha okungenani ama-4. Iziqu zombili zeziqu zigobile ku-arc. Isigaba sabo, njengesigaba sezinqubo, siyindilinga. Ingxenye engenhla yeziqu ezinkulu ivame ukuphenduka "isihlahla" esinesisekelo esifana nesitsha.
Umbala ojwayelekile wabesifazane ubumnyama. Kepha kugqanyisiwe intamo nebunzi. Letincane letibovu tinemane lelincane lelincane nelifishane kunaletinsikati. Izingane, njengoba kufanele inyamazane, zinemibala enemigqa eminingana yamabala amhlophe.
Kungakhathaleki ubulili nobudala, izinyamazane ezibomvu zinomsila "wesibuko" - indawo ehlukile, e-oval endaweni yomsila, esiza i-reindeer ukuziqondisa emhlambini ngesikhathi sokuhamba okusheshayo. Ibala lingakhuphuka ngaphezu komsila futhi linombala ogqwalile kancane.
Izinhlobo
Ososayensi abaye bahlola iMpumalanga Ekude baye bahlola inyamazane ebomvu yendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, safika esiphethweni sokuthi izinhlobo zabomdabu ezihlala kulezi zindawo azinalo igama lazo kuphela - izinyamazane ezibomvu, kodwa futhi zinenqwaba yezici ezikwenza ukuhlukaniswe njengetekisi elizimele (ama-subspecies). Izinyamazane ezibomvu zinezihlobo eziseduze ezingaphezu kwezi-10.
- UCervus elaphus bactrianus - ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi inyamazane iBukhara. Kusatshalaliswe e-Asia Ephakathi.
- I-Cervus elaphus atlanticus inyamazane ebomvu ebomvu. Uhlala eScandinavia, eNtshonalanga Yurophu.
- I-Cervus elaphus barbarus iyi-subspecies edabuka eNyakatho Afrika. Kugcwele kule ndawo.
- I-Cervus elaphus brauneri iyi-subspecies yezinyamazane, ogama layo lihlotshaniswa nendawo yayo yokuhlala - iCrimea.
- I-Cervus elaphus corsicanus iyinhlobo engavamile. Kwande eziqhingini zaseCorsica naseSardinia.
- ICervus elaphus hispanicus - itholakala kancane eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia.
- ICervus elaphus maral iyinhlobo yenyamazane ebomvu egxilile eCaucasus. Imvamisa, lezi zinsizakalo ezithile zibizwa ngokuthi yimaral. Abantu abazinzile kakhulu bahlala emahlathini aseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeCaucasus.
- Cervus elaphus pannoniensis.
- Cervus elaphus hibernicus.
- ICervus elaphus scoticus iyinhlangano engaphansi yaseBrithani. Isuswe eYurophu cishe eminyakeni engama-8000 edlule. Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, kwalethwa eNew Zealand ukwanelisa izintandokazi zokuzingela.
- ICervus elaphus songaricus iyi-subspecies yaseHimalaya, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Tien Shan maral.
- ICervus elaphus yarkandensis iyi-Central Asia noma i-Yarkand subspecies. Indawo ihambisana negama - i-Asia Ephakathi.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwenyamazane. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo, kwavela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningana. Okunye ukudideka kwamatemu kwenzeke ngezinyamazane ezibomvu ne-wapiti. Ezincwadini zesiNgisi, izinyamazane ezibomvu zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iManchu wapiti. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zaseRussia nabazingeli bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zezinyamazane ezibomvu:
- Izinyamazane ezibomvu eziseningizimu-mpumalanga - lokhu kuhlala izinyamazane ezibomvu eTransbaikalia.
- Izinyamazane ezibomvu ngasolwandle yizilwane ezikwazi kahle uhla lwe-Amur kanye nentaba iSikhote-Alin.
- Izinyamazane ezibomvu zaseNingizimu Yakut - ezitholakala emahlathini azungeze uMfula i-Olekma.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ihlathi le-taiga elinemithambeka nemihosha liyindawo ethandwa kakhulu ehlobo yenyamazane ebomvu. Kusuka emahlathini, amaqembu amancane ezilwane aya ekuhlanzeni ngotshani obusezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuhamba kahle emithambekeni, izinyamazane ezibomvu azizinaki izindawo ezinamadwala.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu, ngokungafani ne-elk, i-musk deer, ayishintshi ijazi layo hhayi kanye, kepha kabili ngonyaka. ukufudumala, i-molt yasentwasahlobo iqala ngo-Ephreli. Inhloko nemilenze kungokokuqala ukuzikhulula ebusika, uboya obususwe kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho izinwele ziqala ukushiya ingaphambili lomzimba ngezihluthu. UCroup ukhishwa okokugcina.
IMolting iyelula entwasahlobo yonke. Abantu abaphilile futhi abanamandla balahla uboya basebusika futhi bathuthele entwasahlobo ngokushesha. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangabokugcina emhlambini ukuqeda i-molt. Ezinkunzi, lesi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu. Zichitha izimpondo zazo bese ziqala ukukhula ezintsha.
Izimpondo zikhula ngasikhathi sinye nezingubo ezincane, zasehlobo. Uboya obusanda kukhula abunasikhwama sangaphansi. Izinwele ziyingcosana, zinde, zibomvu ngombala futhi ziphuzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, inyamazane uqobo iba yindawo ebomvu ebomvu ngasemuva kotshani obuncane.
Ehlobo, i-moult yesibili yezinyamazane ezibomvu idlula kancane kancane. Ukuvela kwengubo emfushane yasebusika kuyabonakala ngo-Agasti. Maphakathi noSepthemba, ikhava lasehlobo licishe linyamalale ngokuphelele. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zihlangana no-Okthoba zigqoke izingubo zasebusika.
Ebusika, imihlambi yezinyamazane ezibomvu iya ezindaweni ezinekhava elincane leqhwa. Bafuna izindawo ezigcwele i-aspen encane nezinye izihlahla ezinamakhasi. Izilwane azilibekezeleli kahle iqhwa. Zibalekela zona, iqembu lezinyamazane ezibomvu libeka phansi, izilwane ziyasondelana.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zibekezelela ukukhukhuleka kweqhwa elijulile kakhulu kuneqhwa. Isithwathwa siphuca izinyamazane ukudla futhi sizenze zingakwazi ukuzisiza lapho sibhekene nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukufa okuyinhloko kwezinyamazane kwenzeka ebusika obuneqhwa. Ngokuqala kokuncibilika, izilwane zivela ezingxenyeni ezibheke ilanga.
Aziziningi izilwane ezizingelayo ezizama impilo yenyamazane ebomvu ebomvu. Ebusika, izimpisi, ngokubambisana neqhwa elijulile, ziba izitha eziyinhloko zama-reindeer. Iphakethe lempisi liqhuba isilwane siye ezindaweni lapho izinyamazane zilahlekelwa khona amandla okuhamba. Nakhu kufika ukuphela kwezinyamazane ezibomvu bese kuqala idili lezimpisi.
Ezingwe namahlosi aseMpumalanga Ekude, izinyamazane ezibomvu ziyizisulu zendabuko. Kodwa umonakalo owenziwe amakati amakhulu ungaphansi kwalowo wezimpisi. Amathole nezinyamazane ezibomvu ezisanda kuzalwa zingahlaselwa yinoma iyiphi inyama edla inyama, kufaka phakathi izinyoni ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidliwayo, izinyamazane ezibomvu ziyacasulwa yizinambuzane ze-taiga ezimunca igazi: izimpukane, izimpukane, wonke umuntu ohlangene egameni elilodwa - okubi. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zihlushwa i-anthrax, i-aphthous fever noma isifo sezinyawo nezomlomo, isifo sofuba, njalonjalo. Izifo zabantu ngabanye zingakhula zibe ukufa kwabantu abaningi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyamazane ezibomvu — isilwane okukhanyayo. Utshani, amagatsha ezihlahla, amagxolo e-aspens nezinye izihlahla ezinamakhaza yizona zinto ezidla kakhulu kulezi zinyamazane. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zimatasa ziqoqa ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa, kwesinye isikhathi zinikela ubusuku bonke kulokhu.
Eziqwini ze-aspens, willows, ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izinyamazane ezibomvu, akunzima ukubona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-gnawing. Ngokwemvelo kwamamaki esihlahleni, kulula ukuthola ukuthi inyamazane ebomvu ibhebhethekisa ngasiphi isikhathi amagxolo. Entwasahlobo kukhona ukugeleza kobisi okusebenzayo ezihlahleni. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zisusa amagxolo esihlahla ngamaribhoni wonke, zingashiyi amamaki amazinyo.
Ebusika, amagxolo kufanele adliwe. Umzingeli onolwazi unquma uhlobo lwesilwane esishiye ukuququda ngokususelwa kwimikhondo yamazinyo e-incisor. Ngezinga elikhulu kunamagxolo afriziwe, amagatsha ezihlahla nezihlahla ezinamakhaza adliwa yizinyamazane ezibomvu ebusika.
Amaminerali adlala indima ebalulekile ekondleni kwezinyamazane ezibomvu. Kukhona indawo eyodwa kuphela lapho izinyamazane zingathola khona okwanele kuzo - ukukhotha usawoti. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izilwane zithola ubumba lucebe ngama-cyolites, i-calcium yemvelo kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-sodium.
Ngokuyidla, izinyamazane zinikeza umzimba wazo amaminerali adingeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimpondo. Abadliwayo nabantu bayazi ngalokhu, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla imfuyo, imizimba yazo edinga amaminerali. Bobabili basebenzisa izikhotha zikasawoti ukuzingela izinyamazane ezibomvu namanye ama-artiodactyls.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amaqembu omhlambi wezinyamazane ezibomvu angabantu besifazane abaningana abanamathole anonyaka owodwa ubudala neminyaka emibili ubudala. Inyamazane endala futhi enolwazi iphethe umhlambi onjalo. Izinkunzi ezindala zizenzela ngabodwana, zikhetha ukudla emadlelweni wodwa. Izinkunzi ezivuthiwe, kepha ezingatholakali, zihlangene ngamaqembu wesilisa.
Isithombe senhlalo siyashintsha ngokuqala kwe-rut. Imihlambi iyahlakazeka. Abesilisa, abenza sengathi bayaqhubeka nohlobo, baqala ukubhonga. Vuliwe ukubhonga kwenyamazane ebomvu abesifazane bafika, nabesilisa abafisa ukulwa nabesifazane ababumbayo kusuka kumbangi. Abaphikisi abalinganayo kuphela abangena ku-duel duer. Kwezinye izimo, indawo yentandokazi ithathwa yinyamazane ebomvu enamandla amakhulu, enezimpondo ezibabazekayo ngaphandle kokulwa.
Owesilisa, osethole iqembu labesifazane, uyazimboza. Ngizochitha ubusika bonke naleli qembu. Ezinsukwini ezingama-250-270 ngemuva kokubanjwa kwekwindla, kuvela ithole, kwesinye isikhathi kube kabili. Ukuzala inkomo kwenzeka ehlathini noma ezindaweni ezimile ngotshani obude.
Izinsuku zokuqala ezimbili kuya kwezintathu izinyamazane ezibomvu zesifazane ayisuki enkonyane. Lapho-ke amaqhinga ayashintsha. Inkonyane liyacasha, bese kuthi insikazi, igweme ukusongela yona, iklabe ngokusobala. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zamasonto onke zijoyina omama bazo futhi zihamba nabo ngenkathi kudliwa.
Amankonyane awela embeleni wenyamazane kuze kuqale umkhondo olandelayo. Kepha noma ngemuva kwayo bayahambisana nonina. Kwesinye isikhathi amathole amathathu noma amane aneminyaka efanayo angabonwa eduze kwabesifazane. Mhlawumbe, lezi yizingane ezilahlekelwe ngunina futhi zabethelwa kwenye inyamazane.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zobulili obuhlukile azikhuli ngasikhathi sinye. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukuletha ingane yabo yokuqala emva kweminyaka emithathu yokuphila, abesilisa baqala ukukhombisa ukuqala kwabo kobudoda kuphela eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyamazane ezibomvu, njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane ezibomvu, cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Ezinye izilwane zihlonishwa ngabantu bendawo kangangoba zifakwa izithombe ezibaziwe. Izinyamazane ezibomvu ziyahlonishwa ngenhlonipho enjalo. Esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, esifundeni saseBayandaevsky, emngceleni nomasipala wase-Ekhirit-Bulagatsky, kwakhiwe itshe lesikhumbuzo lezinyamazane ezibomvu. Kwakhiwe nguPavel Mikhailov, umculi wendawo kanye nombazi.
Ukufakwa kwalesi sithombe kwenzeka ngoJulayi 2014. Kusukela lapho, itshe lesikhumbuzo selibe yindawo yamasiko ethwetshulwe kakhulu esifundeni. Kepha ukubaziwe kwesilwane esiqhoshayo kwezinye izivakashi kuvusa umuzwa wokuzingela: inyamazane ebomvu yetshe iphulwe emlenzeni ngaphezu kwesisodwa.
Akuyona imilenze kuphela ebaluleke esilwaneni. Emithini yendabuko kusetshenziswa ama-elixir anezinto eziningi zokwelapha.
- I-red tin vein tincture
- U-Elixir ovela esithweni sokuzala senyamazane ebomvu.
- Ukufakwa okuphuzwayo kotshwala obomvu.
- I-tincture yenhliziyo yenyamazane ebomvu.
- I-Pantohematogen empeleni yigazi lenyamazane elijiyile.
- Izimpondo zenyamazane ezibomvukufakwe utshwala.
Ngaphezu kokuthanjiswa, zonke lezi zingxenye zezinyamazane ezibomvu zisetshenziswa ngendlela eyomisiwe noma engalungisiwe. Izakhamizi zendawo ikakhulukazi amaShayina zisebenzisa izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wenyamazane ebomvu njengezindlela zokuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokwenza ngcono impilo.
Izakhamizi zasenyakatho ziyazisa kakhulu i-wapiti kamus. Lesi isikhumba esivela esikhwameni sesilwane. Isetshenziselwa ukushushuluza ama-skis. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamagilavu nezinye izingxenye zezingubo. Awukwazi ukuthunga amabhuzu amahle aphezulu ngaphandle kwe-kamus. Kusetshenziswa i-camus yama-artiodactyl ahlukahlukene, kepha inyamazane ebomvu ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu.
Ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane ezibomvu
Ngo-Ephreli, izimpondo ziqala ukukhula enyameni ebomvu. Ngenxa yabo, intwasahlobo iyaqala ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane ezibomvu... Inhloso enkulu yokudubula izilwane ngesikhathi lapho iqhwa liyancibilika ukubamba izimpondo. Ngisho negama lalesi senzo - "antler" liyakhuluma ngalo.
Enye yezindlela zokubamba izinyamazane ezibomvu ukuqamekela eduze kwezikhotha zikasawoti. Emizileni nasemizileni, abazingeli bathola izikhotha zemvelo zikasawoti, okuvame ukuvakashelwa izinyamazane ezibomvu. Kepha abantu bangakha imithombo yokufakelwa yamaminerali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa usawoti ojwayelekile, obekwa ezindaweni lapho ukudlula kwezinyamazane kungenzeka khona.
Imikhonto kasawoti yokufakelwa ibisiza abazingeli ekubambeni izinyamazane ezibomvu isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ngokwamasiko endawo, le ndawo yokudlala ekhangayo ibhekwa njengempahla yomzingeli oyidalile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudinga ukusekelwa okungapheli - ukugcwaliswa ngosawoti.
Ukhotha kasawoti owenziwe ngabantu uheha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyamazane. I-pantachi efanelekile, ebizwa ngokuthi izinyamazane ezibomvu, izithwali zezimpondo, aziveli ekukhothweni kasawoti ngokushesha. Baqikelela kakhulu. Bangakhuphuka kusihlwa, ngokuzethemba ekuphepheni kwabo.
Umzingeli ngalesi sikhathi usendaweni engaboni. Indawo yokukhosela ihlelwe phansi, ngendlela yokufihla, noma eyakhiwe endaweni ephakeme ngendlela yeshedi yokugcina. Ama-Pantachis aphuma ayokhotha usawoti kusihlwa, ebumnyameni obukhulu. Kulezi zimo, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-flashlight yamabhomu. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngeke kube nesikhathi sokwethusa izinyamazane, kodwa kuzoqinisekisa ukudubula okuphumelelayo.
Uma entwasahlobo izinyamazane ezibomvu zikhangwa ngokunikela usawoti, lapho ekwindla abesilisa banikezwa umhlangano nembangi. Imiqhudelwano yezinyamazane iqala maphakathi noSepthemba. Umzingeli ulingisa ukubhonga komuntu wesilisa. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ipayipi le-birch bark decoy.
Umzingeli onekhono wenza imisindo engahlukaniseki nokuduma kwenkunzi elungele ukubhangqwa kokukhwelana. Ngakho-ke, kucasula isilwane esizwa lokhu kubhonga ukuthi singene kulo mqhudelwano. Umsindo ufinyelela ezindlebeni zenkunzi eyimbangi. Yena, ethobela ukubizwa kwemvelo, uya ekubhongweni okukhohlisayo.
Eyeduna, imvamisa ingabi yodwa, ihambisana nawo wonke ama-harem. Ngakho-ke, ukubhonga kuvame ukuzingelwa ndawonye. Omunye umzingeli, ngosizo lwepayipi lokukhohlisa, uveza ukukhala kwenyamazane ebomvu, omunye anyonyobele izivakashi, akhethe isisulu esikhanga kakhulu.
Entwasahlobo kuzingelwa izimpondo futhi kudutshulwa iphenti elikhulu kunawo wonke. Ekwindla, bahlela ukuzingela indondo noma ukushaya izinyamazane ezibomvu zenyama. Ukufeza izifiso zemiklomelo, umzingeli uzama ukuthola isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke, athole ukunethezeka izimpondo zenyamazane ezibomvu.
Ukuzingelwa kwenyama kuneminye imisebenzi. Izinyamazane ezilukhuni zinethuba lokugwema ukudalelwa kwalowo ohlaselwe. Inyama yayo inzima, imisipha. Ukuze anelise izidingo zokupheka, umzingeli onyonyobayo ukhetha isisulu esincane, esincane.
Esikhundleni sokulwa okulungile, umzingeli unikeza izinyamazane ezibomvu ngesibhamu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona izehlakalo. Esikhundleni senyamazane, kuphuma ibhere elikhulu kumzingeli. Unokuzwa okuhle nesifiso esifanele ngaphambi kokulala. Ibhere lingalingeka ngokubhonga kwenyamazane ebomvu, ngethemba lokuthola inyamazane.
Ukuzingela kwezulu akwenziwanga kuphela lapho kubanjwa izinyamazane ezibomvu. Amanye ama-subspecies ezinyamazane zangempela ezibomvu nawo aba yizindebe zokuzingela, ngiwela kule nkohliso. Ngendlela efanayo, i-wapiti itholakala eCanada.
Ngemuva kokuzingela ukubhonga, sekuyisikhathi sokuzingela isilwane eqhweni elisanda kuwa. Ukuzingela impuphu yibhizinisi elisebenza kanzima elidinga ukukhuthazela okukhethekile, amandla okufihla, nokuqapha. Kodwa lolu hlobo lokuzingela lusondelene kakhulu nezincazelo zothando, ezincwadini zokubamba inyamazane yesilo.
