Idada lekama (Sarkidiornis melanotos) noma idada le-caronculés lingelomndeni wedada, i-Anseriformes oda.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada lekama
Idada lekama linosayizi womzimba ongu-64 - 79 cm, isisindo: 1750 - 2610 amagremu.
Lezi zinhlobo zathola igama lazo ngenxa yokuba khona kokwakheka okwenziwe ngamaqabunga okuhlanganisa u-2/3 womlomo omnyama. Lesi sakhiwo sigqame kangangokuba siyabonakala ngisho nangesikhathi sendiza. Umbala wezimpaphe zowesilisa nowesifazane ucishe ufane. Ezinyonini ezindala, ikhanda nengxenye engaphezulu yentamo kunemigqa emachashazi amhlophe ngemuva okungemnyama; lawa mamaki atholakala kakhulu maphakathi nomqhele nentamo. Izinhlangothi zekhanda nentamo zingcolile ngokuphuzi.
Izingxenye ezingezansi zentamo, isifuba naphakathi kwesisu zinhle zimhlophe qwa. Umugqa omnyama mpo ugijima ohlangothini ngalunye lwesifuba, kanye nesisu esingezansi eduze kwesifunda sendunu. Izinhlangothi zimhlophe, zifakwe ngombala ompunga ophaphathekile, kanti okwenziwayo kumhlophe, kuvame ukufakwa okuphuzi. I-sacrum impunga. Umzimba osele, kufaka phakathi umsila, phezulu kanye ngaphansi, ungomnyama ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani noma owethusi.
Insikazi ayinayo i-caroncule.
Umbala wezimpaphe ungaphansi kwe-iridescent, ulayini awuhlukile kangako. Amachashazi avamile ansundu ngemuva okumhlophe. Akukho tinge ophuzi ekhanda nakumathenda. Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezisencane uhluke kakhulu kumbala wezimpaphe zabantu abadala. Okuphezulu nekepisi kumnyama bhuqe, kuqhathaniswa nombala onsundu ophuzi wezimpaphe ekhanda, entanyeni nangaphansi komzimba. Ngezansi kunephethini enesikali nolayini omnyama ngaphesheya kwendawo yamehlo. Imilenze yedada lekama iba mpunga ngombala.
Izindawo zokuhlala zedada lekama
Amadada aseCrested ahlala emathafeni asezindaweni ezishisayo. Bakhetha ama-savanna anezihlahla ezingathi shu, amaxhaphozi, imifula, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi anamanzi angenasawoti, ezindaweni lapho kuneqhwa elincane khona, agwema izindawo ezomile nezinamahlathi kakhulu. Bahlala emathafeni asezikhukhuleni nasemifuleni i-deltas, emahlathini agcwele amanzi, emadlelweni nasezinsimini zelayisi, kwesinye isikhathi emaceleni odaka. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zikhawulelwe ezindaweni eziphansi, amadada amakama angatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3500 noma ngaphansi.
Ukusabalalisa idada lekama
Ama-comb duck asatshalaliswa emazwenikazi amathathu: i-Afrika, i-Asia, neMelika. Kuyisilwane esihlala phansi e-Afrika futhi sitholakala eningizimu yeSahara. Kuleli zwekazi, ukunyakaza kwalo kuhlotshaniswa nokoma kwemizimba yamanzi ngenkathi yesomiso. Ngakho-ke, amadada ahamba ibanga elikhulu, elidlula amakhilomitha angama-3000. E-Asia, amadada aqoshiwe ahlala emathafeni aseNdiya, ePakistan naseNepal, okuyinhlobo engajwayelekile eSri Lanka. Yethula eBurma, enyakatho yeThailand naseningizimu yeChina, esifundazweni saseYunnan.
Kulezi zifunda, amadada aqhekekile afuduka kancane ngesikhathi semvula. ENingizimu Melika, lolu hlobo lumelelwa yi-subspecies sylvicola, encanyana ngosayizi, abesilisa abanamacala omzimba amnyama futhi acwebezelayo. Isakazeka isuka ePanama iye emathafeni aseBolivia, asezansi kwe-Andes.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada lekama
Amadada aseCrested ahlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangama-30 kuye kwabangu-40. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi eyomile emizimbeni yamanzi, bahlala emihlambini engapheli. Izinyoni eziningi ziseqenjini lobulili obufanayo, ngazimbili zakheka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela. Ngokuqala kwenkathi eyomile, izinyoni ziyatheleka zizulazule zifuna amadamu anezimo zokuphila ezivumayo. Lapho ufuna ukudla, amadada amakhefu ayabhukuda, ahlala ajule emanzini. Bachitha ubusuku ezihlahleni.
Ukuzalisa idada lekama
Isikhathi sokuzalela amadada aqhekekile siyahluka nangesikhathi semvula. E-Afrika, izinyoni zizala ngoJulayi-Septhemba, esifundeni esisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ngoDisemba-Ephreli eZimbabwe. E-India - ngesikhathi sezimvula zokugcina kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba, eVenezuela - ngoJulayi. Uma ingekho imvula eyanele, ukuqala kwenkathi yokwakha izidleke kubambezeleka kakhulu.
Amadada aseCrested ahlala ndawonye ezindaweni ezinemithombo yokudla engemihle, kanti isithembu senzeka ezindaweni ezinezimo ezihle kakhulu zokuhlala. Abesilisa bathola ama-harems futhi bahlangana nabesifazane abaningana, inani lazo elihluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4. Izinhlobo ezimbili zesithembu zingahlukaniswa:
- owesilisa ngasikhathi sinye uheha abesifazane abambalwa kule ndawo, kepha akahlangani nazo zonke izinyoni, lobu budlelwano babizwa ngokuthi isithembu.
- isithembu selifa, okusho ukuthi abesilisa abalingana ngokulandelana nabesifazane abaningana.
Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, abesilisa bakhombisa ukuhlukumeza abesifazane abangazalanga abavunyelwa okwesikhashana ezindlini zabesifazane, ngenxa yemvume yedada ebusayo, kepha laba bantu banesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu esigabeni sabaphathi beqembu.
Izinsikazi zivame ukwakha izidleke zemithi emikhulu ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-6 kuya kwayi-9. Kodwa-ke, zisebenzisa nezinyoni ezindala zezidleke zezinkozi noma izinkozi. Kwesinye isikhathi zakha izidleke phansi ngaphansi kwesembozo sotshani obude noma esiqwini sesihlahla, emifantwini yezakhiwo ezindala. Basebenzisa izidleke ezifanayo unyaka nonyaka. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zifihlwe uhlaza oluminyene eduze nemifula yamanzi.
Isidleke sakhiwe ngamahlumela nokhula oluhlanganiswe nezimpaphe namaqabunga.
Ayikaze ifakwe emgqonyeni. Ukunquma ubukhulu be-clutch akuyona into elula, njengoba amadada amaningana abekela amaqanda esidlekeni. Inani lazo kuvamise ukuba maqanda ayi-6 - 11. Amaqanda ayishumi nambili angabhekwa njengomphumela wemizamo ehlangene yabesifazane abaningi. Ezinye izidleke ziqukethe amaqanda angafika ku-50. Amachwane achamisela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-28 kuya kwezingama-30. Izinsikazi ezivelele ziyafukamela, mhlawumbe zodwa. Kepha bonke abesifazane abaseqenjini bahlanganyela ekukhuliseni amadada amancane kuze kube yilapho amatshwele ekhipha.
Ukudla idada lekama
Ikama lamadada lidla osebeni olunotshani noma libhukuda emanzini angajulile. Zondla kakhulu izitshalo zasemanzini kanye nembewu yazo, ama-invertebrate amancane (ikakhulukazi izinkumbi nezibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini). Ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kufaka imbewu ye-cereal ne-sedge, izingxenye ezithambile zezitshalo zasemanzini (isb. Iminduze yamanzi), okusanhlamvu kwezolimo (irayisi, ummbila, i-oats, ukolweni namakinati). Ngezikhathi ezithile, amadada adla izinhlanzi ezincane. Kwezinye izifunda, amadada amakamu abhekwa njengezinyoni eziyizinambuzane ezibhubhisa izilimo zerayisi.
Isimo sokonga sedada lekama
Ama-comb duck asongelwa ngokuzingela okungalawuleki. Kwezinye izindawo, njengeMadagascar, indawo yokuhlala iyacekelwa phansi ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezibulala-zinambuzane emasimini elayisi. Lezi zinhlobo zehla eDelta yaseSenegal kulandela ukwakhiwa kwedamu eMfuleni iSenegal, okwaholela ekonakaleni kwendawo nokulahleka kwezindawo zokudla kusuka ekuchichimeni kwezimila, ukugwaduleka nokuguqulwa komhlaba wezolimo.
Idada lekama nalo lingenwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni, njengoba lokhu kungaba yingozi ezinhlotsheni ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
