Incazelo nezici
Ummeleli onelukuluku wezinyoni utholakala emadlelweni aseRussia - okuluhlaza... Akazincomi ngengubo ephawulekayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezwi elihle, elingelona eliphansi ngekhwalithi yomsindo ekuculeni kwe-nightingale, okuyisihlobo sayo.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zingabomndeni wokubamba izimpukane. Zincane ngosayizi, cishe zilingana nondlunkulu wasensimini (ubude bomzimba bungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15), futhi zibalwa njengomuntu odlulayo.
Kungaba lula ukubadidanisa nezinyoni ezinjalo, ngenxa yokufana okuthile, uma kungenjalo ngemibala egqamile yezimpaphe.
Abantu besilisa bagqama ngobuhle obuthile. Ukubukeka kwama-bluethroats kuhlotshiswe kakhulu ngekhola lemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi nomhlophe. Abesilisa, izimpaphe zabo ezikhanya kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, bagqama ezintombini zabo ngokuba khona kombala onsundu, umugqa okhanyayo ngaphansi kwekhola lomphimbo.
Futhi ku- ama-bluethroats abesifazane ngemuva kwesizinda sokudlala okujwayelekile kwemibala, yize ingenayo imibala ebomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, endaweni ekhonjisiwe ungabona umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obamba iso lombukeli. Ingemuva lezinyoni ezinjalo linsundu, kwesinye isikhathi linombala ompunga, isisu sivame ukuba lula.
I-uppertail yeduna ibomvu. Umsila, ogoqiwe ugoqeke njengefeni elihle, ubumnyama ekugcineni futhi onsundu phakathi. Uqhwaku lwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko ngokuvamile lumnyama.
Lezi zinyoni zikwazi ukuletha injabulo ezinhliziyweni hhayi kuphela ngombala wezimpaphe zazo. Zincane futhi zinhle, futhi ubuhle balezi zinyoni bugcizelelwa ngempumelelo yimilenze yazo emide emnyama.
Izimpaphe ze-bluethroat yesifazane azikhanyi njengalezi zesilisa.
Izwi le-Bluethroat kwesinye isikhathi kuvela ukuthi kufana kakhulu ne-nightingale trill ukuthi ukuhumusha kwezwi kwalezi zinyoni ezimbili kungadideka impela. Imfihlo ilele ekutheni abamele abachaziwe bombuso wezimpaphe banikezwe ngemvelo amandla okulingisa ngempumelelo ukucula kwezinye izinyoni, bekhiqiza amazwi abo.
Lalela izwi lenyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Mhlawumbe yingakho ngesiLatini izinyoni ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-nightingles aseSweden". Bababiza kanjalo namanje, abaphila cishe emakhulwini amathathu eminyaka adlule, kuLinnaeus, usosayensi odumile wetekisi.
Ukuze kwenziwe ubulungiswa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-trillies e- "nightingale" aqanduselwa ama-bluethroats namanje awafani nalawo ezihlobo zawo ezihlabayo, kodwa kumnandi kakhulu ukuwalalela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-bluethroats ngayinye ine-repertoire ngayinye yengoma.
I-bluethroat ibizwa nge-nightingale yaseSweden ngokucula kwayo okuhle.
Lapha uhlamvu lomculo, indlela yokukhiqiza kabusha, ithoni nezinye izinto ezicashile zomculo zihlukaniswa ngokuqala.
Kungaba kuhle ngokukhethekile ukucula i-bluethroatNgokuqondile, abamele besilisa balezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwamasiko omshado. Bafaka amakhonsathi, aqala ekuseni kakhulu, lapho amazwi ezinyoni amnandi kakhulu, futhi aphela ekushoneni kwelanga kuphela.
Ukuthola izisusa zabo, behleli emagatsheni esihlahla, abagibeli bamahhashi, bekhombisa amakhono abo ezintombini zabo, bavame ukundiza emoyeni, benza izindiza zibe yisici salesi sikhathi sempilo sezinyoni.
Izingoma zomculo ezishiwo ngaphambilini zihambisana nokuchofoza, ukushaya kanye namakhwela, okwamukelwa kwabanye abameleli bezinhlangano ezinamaphiko ezihlala endaweni. Izinyoni zivame ukuphinda izinhlanganisela zomsindo "varak-varak", okuyisizathu segama lazo.
Ngaphezu kwezifunda zezwe lethu, izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala kahle ezindaweni ezinkulukazi zamazwekazi aseYurophu nase-Asia, futhi zitholakala e-Alaska. Ebusika, bathuthela ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseNyakatho Afrika noma ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia, emazweni afana ne-India, alungele zonke izimo, noma entshonalanga, ePakistan, lapho befuna ukukhosela ezindaweni ezinamachibi athule ezihlahleni zemihlanga.
Ukuze bakhosele ebusika, bakhetha izindawo eziseningizimu yehlane laseSahara, lapho kunezindawo eziningi ezingamaxhaphozi, kanye nemifula, osebeni lwayo olunothe ngohlaza oluminyene.
Izinhlobo
Njengoba beyizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, laba bameleli bomhlaba onamaphiko bahlukaniswe baba ama-subspecies, okukhona kuwo okuyishumi nanye esewonke. Ukuphothula iziqu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngendawo yokuhlala. Futhi abameleli babo bayahluka ngosayizi wombala wezimpaphe, okhona ku- incazelo yama-bluethroats ngalinye lala maqembu.
Isici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ungowasiphi isizinda esithile ubukhulu nosayizi wendawo yomphimbo. Izakhamizi zasenyakatho yeRussia, iScandinavia, iKamchatka neSiberia zihlukaniswa ngombala obomvu walomhlobiso, ngokomfanekiso obizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi". Ama-bluethroats anekhanda elibomvu, njengomthetho, angabahlali basenyakatho, atholakala ngisho naseYakutia nase-Alaska.
Umbala omhlophe uvela kuma-subspecies aseTranscaucasian, Central Europe naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ama-Bluethroats ahlala e-Iran avame ukubonakala ngokungabikho kwalolu phawu nhlobo.
Futhi, abamele izinhlobo ezichaziwe bayehluka ngosayizi. Isibonelo, ama-bluethroats aseScandinavia, njengomthetho, makhulu kunama-subspecies aseCentral Russian, Tien Shan, naseCaucasus.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-bluethroat nazo zinezimpaphe ezingakhanyi kangako.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Njengoba sekushiwo, laba bangabamele abafudukayo bombuso wezimpaphe. Ukuya ebusika (okuvame ukwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti), abahlanganisi ngemihlambi, kepha baya ezindaweni ezifudumele ngamunye ngamunye.
Zizama ukwenza imizila yazo yomoya ezinqoleni zemifula, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko ziyahamba, zime kaningi ezihlahleni zamahlathi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubuka izindiza zabo, ngoba zenziwa ebusuku, futhi ama-bluethroats awakuthandi ukuphakama nobubanzi bamabanga.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngezindiza inyoni bluethroat ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi ngesikhathi sokufuduka kuphela, kuyavilapha kakhulu, futhi kukhuphukela emoyeni kuphela lapho kunesidingo, imvamisa kugcina kusondele emhlabathini. Izidalwa ezinjalo zigijima ngokushesha, ngezikhathi ezithile ziyama, ngenkathi zinyakazisa umsila wazo, futhi, zehlisa amaphiko azo, zenze imisindo ethusayo.
Zibuya ezindaweni zazo zobusika (ikakhulukazi ezivela eNdiya naseNyakatho Afrika) kwenye indawo phakathi kwentwasahlobo. Ngokushesha lapho zifika, abesilisa bazithola bexakwe ukufuna indawo yokwakha izidleke. Usayizi wayo uvame ukuphawuleka kakhulu, kwezinye izimo - ngaphezu kwehektha.
Kodwa uma indawo enjalo isivele itholakele, khona-ke izokhethwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, ngoba lezi zidalwa ezinhle ezinamaphiko zihlala ziqinile. Ngalesi sizathu, izinyunyana zomndeni, uma sezakhiwe, zivame ukuqhubeka, ngoba abekade bengabalingani banomkhuba wokubuyela ezifundeni ezifudumele endaweni efanayo.
Ngakho-ke bazala inzalo yabo, bahlangane nabalingani babo bakudala futhi.
Kuyiqiniso, kunezimo lapho abesilisa bethola abalingani abambalwa, ababili noma abathathu ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi bekwazi ukusiza inkanuko ngayinye ekukhuliseni inzalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke zezintombi, njengoba ungahle ucabange, ziseduze.
Phakathi kwama-bluethroats, kukhona nabesifazane abanesizungu, imvamisa bathatha ukusekelwa phezu kwamachwane ashiywe ngaphandle kwabazali ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, futhi baphumelela ukondla amazinyane, esikhundleni sikamama.
Ama-Bluethroats ajwayele ukuhlala emadlelweni anomswakama obonakalayo, eduze nemifudlana, amaxhaphozi, imifula, osebeni lwamachibi nasemithambekeni yemihosha. Lesi sidalwa esisheshayo, esinama-nimble sithanda ukucasha ukuze singaboni ngamehlo, ikakhulukazi abantu, emahlathini e-alder, i-willow, sedge, sikhetha utshani obuningi obukhulu behlathi kanye nezihlahla.
AmaBluethroats ahlala emadlelweni nasezihlahleni ezinamahlathi
Abamele ama-subspecies asenyakatho, abahlala ehlathini-tundra, bathatha isifiso sokuhlanza amahlathi kanye namahlathi.
Ngaphandle kokuxwayiswa kwama-bluethroats maqondana nama-bipeds, abantu bazivumelanisa kalula nokubamba lezi zinyoni ezinhle. Kepha ekuthunjweni, baba nezimpande kahle futhi imvamisa bajabulisa abanikazi isikhathi eside ngokubukeka kwabo okujabulisayo nokucula.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-Bluethroats awadli ngokudla, ajabulela ukusebenzisa kokubili ukudla kwezilwane: izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu, amacimbi, amabhungane, nokudla kwezitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, bathanda amajikijolo.
Lezi zinyoni zivame ukufuna ukudla eduze komhlaba, zifunde ngokucophelela izingqimba zayo ezingaphezulu zifuna inyamazane, zivuse inhlabathi futhi zivuse amaqabunga awile nyakenye. Kepha kokunye, i-bluethroat ithatha isinqumo sokuyozingela emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela ibambe izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane, futhi ehlobo akukho ukusweleka kwezibiliboco ezinjalo.
Imvamisa, ihamba phansi ngokuxhuma okukhulu, inyoni ifuna futhi idle ama-slugs, izicabucabu, izimpukane, izimpukane ze-caddis, izintethe. Ngisho namaxoxo amancane angaba isisulu sawo.
Isibonelo, ngemuva kokubamba isibungu, inyoni bluethroat, ayimunci ngokushesha isisulu sayo, kodwa iqale isixukuzise kahle, iqhubeke nokwenza lokhu kuze kube yilapho yonke imfucumfucu engadliwayo izanyazanyiswa ngobumnandi bayo obenzelwe ukudla esiswini.
Futhi kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho eqala khona ukudla, esegwinye i-yummy esetshenzisiwe. Ezikhathini zasekwindla, kuyisono kulabo abamele umbuso onezimpaphe ukungazidli amajikijolo, izithelo ze-bird cherry ne-elderberry, okuvela kuzo inani elikhulu.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zikhulisa inzalo yazo, zibondla ngokuyinhloko ngamacimbi, izibungu nezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwamachwane kuhlanganisa nokudla okuvela emithini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Esikhathini esibalulekile semidlalo yokukhwelana, abanumzane balwela ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhombisa kwabesifazane ubuhle bezimpaphe zabo. Kepha nangaphambi kwalokho - ndawo thile ngo-Ephreli, sebebadlulisile abangane babo ngembuyiselo ebusika kusukela isikhathi esithile, abesilisa bakhetha ngenkuthalo futhi bagade izindawo abazikhethile, ngokuqapha beqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izihlobo zabo zigcina ibanga elide.
Ama-Bluethroats awahlangani, ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi. Manje kuyinto esemqoka kubo, ukuhlangana emndenini womndeni, ukukhulisa abalandela ngokuqinile futhi abanempilo bohlobo lwe-bluethroat.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ngemuva kokukhetha umlingani ukwakha isidleke. Izidalwa ezinjalo zakha le ndawo ethokomele yamachwane avela ngeziqu notshani, ziyisike ngobulembu ngaphandle, bese ziyimboza ngomkhuhlane ovela ngaphakathi.
Esithombeni, amaqanda e-bluethroat esidlekeni
Bavame ukubeka izakhiwo zabo eduze kwamanzi ezihlahleni eziminyene zezihlahla emagatsheni aphansi kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho naphansi. Imvamisa kuyenzeka ukuthi uhlangane nezidleke zalezi zinyoni eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu ezinqwabeni zamagatsha amadala.
Kuthunyelwe lapho amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (imvamisa kuba nezingu-7 zazo) ezinombala oluhlaza okomnqumo, kwesinye isikhathi zibe nomthunzi ompunga ompunga noma obomvu.
Oshade naye ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile enqubeni yokukhulisa inzalo, yize kungumlingani kuphela osebenza ekufukameleni amaqanda (isikhathi sithatha amasonto amabili). Kodwa owesilisa uyamsiza ekuhleleni isidleke, anikeze owakwakhe ukudla, ondle amawundlu azalwa kamuva.
Amachwane e-Bluethroat esidlekeni
Amachwane ezinyoni ezinjalo yizidalwa ze-motley ezimbozwe ngokubomvu okunsundu phansi ngamachashaza e-ocher.
Inzalo ekhulayo isendaweni ethokomele, enazo zonke izinto zesidleke somzali cishe amasonto amabili kuphela. Futhi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, iphuphu le-bluethroat isivele ilwela impilo ezimele nezindiza, kepha abazali bayayisekela le nkukhu ngokunakekela kwabo elinye isonto.
Izingane azikhohlwa insimu abakhulele kuyo, ukuyijwayela nokulwela ukubuyela entwasahlobo elandelayo endaweni yazo ejwayelekile. Lezi zidalwa ezikhangayo ezinamaphiko zihlala cishe iminyaka emithathu endle.
Inani labantu abasenyakatho bluethroats lizinzile impela. Kodwa eCentral Europe, lapho kugeleza khona amaxhaphozi amaningi, lincishisiwe kakhulu inani lalezi zinyoni, ezilahlekelwe izindawo zazo zokuhlala.
