Isikhonyane - isishayo esincane kodwa esesabekayo sesintu. Abantu ababambe iqhaza kwezolimo nasekuzalaneni kwezinkomo bahlupheke ngakho kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Umhlambi wezinambuzane ungabhubhisa yonke imikhakha, ulahle abantu abahlala lapho ngendlala. Ngezikhathi zebhayibheli, kwakhulunywa ngaye enganekwaneni kaMose, futhi kusukela lapho waba yisibonakaliso sezinkinga namashwa.
Futhi kwathiwa ukubonakala kwesikhonyane kuwuphawu lonkulunkulu abafuna ukuphenduka. AmaShayina asendulo abheka lesi sinambuzane esisendlini njengophawu oluhle, kepha imihlambi emikhulu yayizibika zokwephula okukhulu. Izinganekwane eziseduze zaseMpumalanga zihlobanisa izinkumbi nonkulunkulukazi wenyanga.
Ukubukeka
Elinye igama lalezi zinambuzane yi-acrida. Umndeni wesikhonyane uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana. Ngokwezinombolo zazo, izinkumbi zisendaweni yokuqala ngokulandelana kwezinambuzane ze-Orthoptera. Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kwehlukile, futhi kuya ngeminyaka nendawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane. Lapho isikhonyane sisidala, kuba mnyama umbala waso.
Isikhonyane siyathakazelisa ngoba singaba sesigabeni sesinambuzane esizimele sodwa, futhi sibe nobudlelwano. Kuya ngenani lokudla. Izinambuzane zehluke kakhulu ekubukekeni nakwezinye izici ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi zinikezwe uhlobo oluthile.
Ngesikhathi sesigaba sodwa, lapho kunokudla okwanele ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwabantu, izinambuzane zesikhonyane ihola indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, inombala ovikelayo futhi izwakalise ukufiphala kocansi. Uma ukudla kuba yindlala, izinambuzane zibeka inzalo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukumasha", ehlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu.
Kufanele kungezwe encazelweni yesikhonyane salesi sigaba ukuthi sikhulu ngosayizi, sinamaphiko amade aguqulelwe ukundiza, imibala yawo icacile futhi ihluke kakhulu, indlela yokuphila isebenza kakhulu, futhi i-dimorphism yezocansi cishe ayikho. Ngaphandle isikhonyane sibukeka nakwezinye izinambuzane, isibonelo, esihlotsheni esiseduzane - intethe.
Kepha unezimpondo ezimfishane, ubude bomzimba bungu-6-20 cm, ezinye izitho zokuzwa (zitholakala ezinhlangothini zesisu, engxenyeni yokuqala) kanye ne-ovipositor emfushane. Isikhonyane sinekhanda elikhulu elinemihlathi enamandla. Izimpiko ezingezansi zisobala, zivamise ukuba nombala oluhlaza okotshani, zimbozwe yi-elytra ephezulu eqinile.
Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Njengezintethe, izinkumbi nazo zingabekwa njengezinambuzane "zomculo". Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane zikhanya kakhulu futhi zinhle, lokhu kungahlulelwa ngakho isithombe senkumbi... Kepha ungathathi lesi sinambuzane njengesihle kakhulu futhi siphephile - isikhonyane singaluma kahle.
Indawo yokuhlala
Isikhonyane sinezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, futhi ezingaba ngu-600 zazo zihlala eRussia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Isikhonyane sihlala e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zihlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Imingcele yeSahara, i-Indo-Malay Archipelago, iNew Zealand, iKazakhstan, iSiberia, iMadagascar konke kuyizindawo zezinkumbi.
Izikhungo ezinkulu zokwakha izidleke zitholakala e-Amu Darya delta, eduze naseNyakatho Caspian naseDagestan. Izifunda ezisenyakatho nazo ziyizindawo zezintethe, kepha inani labantu likhona liphansi kakhulu kunaseningizimu. Izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane, ikhetha ukoma nokushisa, ngakho-ke ihlala ihlala ezingwadule ezisemihlane nasemathafeni awomile.
Imihlambi emincane indiza amakhilomitha angama-20-40 ngosuku, kanti imihlambi emikhulu ingahamba amakhilomitha angama-200. Ngosuku. Izifunda eziseningizimu yeRussia zihlaselwe kaningi ukuhlaselwa yisikhonyane. Ngakho-ke ngo-2010, isifunda sase-Astrakhan sacishe salahlekelwa amahektha angama-50 ezitshalo, kwathi eVolgograd isikhonyane sadala umonakalo ezifundeni eziyi-12. Abantu ukulwa nezinkumbi, kodwa kuyabiza kakhulu.
Indlela Yokuphila
Inkumbi eyedwa (filly), iyaphila futhi yondle izitshalo ngokungenangozi. Lapho ukudla kuyindlala endaweni yakhona, isikhonyane esinjalo sizalela amaqanda, lapho umuntu othanda ukuhlangana khona echanyuselwa khona.
Lezi zinhlobo zivumelaniswa nezindiza ezinde futhi zihlangana emihlambini emikhulu efinyelela emakhulwini ezigidi zezinambuzane. Endleleni, badla konke ukudla kwezitshalo. Idlelo elincane noma insimu izodliwa ngamahora ambalwa. Amahora womsebenzi wesikhonyane aphakathi nesikhathi sasemini.
Uma indlela yokuphila yesinambuzane esihlala yodwa ingasebenzi, khona-ke imihlambi yesikhonyane ihamba kakhulu futhi iziphatha njengesidalwa esisodwa. Kwabhalwa amacala ezinkumbi zezintethe ezindiza phesheya kolwandle, okungamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Imihlambi emikhulu evela kude ibukeka njengefu elinendawo engamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziningana. Ezinye izinambuzane ezizodwa zihlelwe zaba ngamaqembu abantu abayisithupha. Kukhona owesilisa oyedwa kuzo.
Ukudla
Izinkumbi zondla izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, ngeshwa ngabantu - nezitshalo nazo. Lesi sinambuzane sinesifiso esihle kakhulu futhi izinkumbi zingenza abantu bahlupheke ngendlala, okutshalwe kuyo kwahlaselwa ukwesaba kwayo.
Udla inani elikhulu lokudla ngosuku, cishe elilingana nesisindo sakhe. Futhi inzalo yomuntu oyedwa yanele ukuthi idle utshani obuningi ngesikhathi ngenkathi buzokwanela ukondla izimvu ezimbili. Amasimu, izingadi zemifino, amahlathi, izimfunda - konke lokhu kungadliwa yizinkumbi empandeni.
Esithombeni, iqulu lesikhonyane
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkumbi nazo zihlasela izivande - ngokwesibonelo, zizodla amagilebhisi, ziqale ngamaqabunga, zigcine ngamagxolo namajikijolo. Izimila zemihlanga, imihlanga, i-hemp, ifilakisi, i-buckwheat, okusanhlamvu - konke lokhu kusetshenziswa njengokudla kwesikhonyane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushoda kokudla, ingahlasela ophahleni lwezindlu, futhi ohambweni olude ngaphandle kokudla, ingadla ozakwabo ababuthaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Indoda iqala ukukhwelana - ikhipha i-hormone ekhethekile ezungeze yena, ngaleyo ndlela ihehe abesifazane. Lapho insikazi isondela, eyeduna iyamgxumela futhi inamathele kuye. Inhloso yawo ukufaka i-spermatophore phansi kwe-ovipositor yowesifazane. Inqubo yinde impela, ukukhwelana kungathatha amahora afinyelela kwayi-14.
Izinkumbi ezihlanganiswayo
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ibeka i-ovipositor emhlabathini. Ukuvikela amaqanda, insikazi ikhipha uketshezi olunamathelayo oluqina lukhale lube lukhukhunathi oqinile. Le pod iqukethe amaqanda angama-50-70, akhula ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-12. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, intethe yesifazane izobamba amaqubu ayi-6-12.
Iziphungumangathi ezivela emaqandeni zincibilika izikhathi eziningana, kunezigaba ezinhlanu zenguquko. Isikhonyane asikwazi ukubizwa ngomama onakekelayo, mhlawumbe into kuphela ayenzela inzalo yakhe ukuvumela izibungu zidle izimpiko ezingazidingi. Isikhathi sokuphila kwenkumbi sihluke ngokuphelele. Isinambuzane singaphila izinyanga eziyi-8, futhi mhlawumbe iminyaka emibili.
