Namuhla isimo semvelo soLwandle iCaspian sinzima kakhulu futhi sisonqenqemeni lwenhlekelele. Le ecosystem iyashintsha ngenxa yethonya lakho kokubili imvelo nabantu. Phambilini, ichibi lalicebe ngemithombo yezinhlanzi, kepha manje ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zisengozini yokubhujiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imininingwane mayelana nezifo eziningi zokuphila kwasolwandle, ukunciphisa izindawo ezizalela. Izindawo ezifile sezakhiwe kwezinye izindawo eshalofini.
Ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo olwandle
Enye inkinga ukuguquguquka kwezinga lolwandle, ukwehla kwamanzi, nokwehla kwendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi nendawo yeshalofu. Inani lamanzi aqhamuka emifuleni engena olwandle lehlile. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukwakhiwa kwezakhi zamanzi nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi emifula emadamini.
Amasampula wamanzi nezidumbu avela phansi koLwandle iCaspian akhombisa ukuthi indawo yamanzi ingcoliswe ngama-phenols nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene: i-mercury ne-lead, i-cadmium ne-arsenic, i-nickel ne-vanadium, i-barium, ithusi ne-zinc. Izinga lalezi zinto zamakhemikhali emanzini lidlula zonke izinkambiso ezivumelekile, ezilimaza kakhulu ulwandle nezakhamuzi zalo. Enye inkinga ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezingenalo umoya-mpilo olwandle, okungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kwezinto eziphilayo zangaphandle kulimaza imvelo yoLwandle iCaspian. Phambilini, bekukhona uhlobo lwendawo yokuhlola yokwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha.
Izimbangela zezinkinga zemvelo zoLwandle iCaspian
Izinkinga ezingenhla zeCaspian zemvelo zivele ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukudoba ngokweqile;
- ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene emanzini;
- ukungcoliswa kwendawo yamanzi ngodoti wezimboni nowasemakhaya;
- usongo oluvela kuwoyela negesi, amakhemikhali, i-metallurgical, amandla, ezolimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomnotho;
- imisebenzi yabazingeli abangekho emthethweni;
- eminye imithelela kwi-ecosystem yasolwandle;
- ukungabi nesivumelwano kwamazwe aseCaspian ngokuvikelwa kwendawo yamanzi.
Lezi zinto eziyingozi zethonya ziholele eqinisweni lokuthi uLwandle iCaspian lulahlekelwe ithuba lokuzilawula ngokuphelele nokuzihlanza. Uma ungaqinisi imisebenzi ehlose ukugcina imvelo yolwandle, izolahlekelwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi futhi iphenduke idamu elinamanzi angcolile, angcolile.
ICaspian Sea izungezwe izifundazwe eziningana, ngakho-ke, isixazululo sezinkinga zemvelo echibini kufanele kube ukukhathazeka okuvamile kwala mazwe. Uma unganakekeli ukulondolozwa kwemvelo yeCaspian, ngenxa yalokho, kuzolahleka hhayi kuphela imithombo yamanzi ebalulekile, kepha nezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane.
