Incazelo nezici
Izicabucabu zingabameleli abathandekayo bombuso wezinto eziphilayo, futhi ezinye zazo azinabungozi. Futhi banesakhiwo esimangazayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zidalwa zinezithasiselo ezikhethekile emlonyeni, okubizwa ngezinzipho zomhlathi.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi izicabucabu ze-araneomorphic - amalungu eqembu elikhulu avela kusigaba se-arachnid. Lezi zinguquko zemvelo zibizwa ngokuthi i-chelicerae. Zivumela lezi zidalwa ukuthi zihlasele ngempumelelo inyamazane enkulu kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wazo, ezinikeza ithuba lokuwina umjaho wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Kungenxa yezidalwa ezinjalo ukuthi isicabucabu esiphambanweni - isibonisi esikhanyayo esivela kumndeni we-orb-web.
Lesi sidalwa asizuzanga ngengozi ngegama laso, kodwa ngenxa yesici esiphawuleka kakhulu - uphawu ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba ngesimo sesiphambano, esenziwe ngomhlophe, kokunye amabala akhanyayo ansundu.
Isicabucabu sathola igama laso kumbala osemzimbeni ofana nesiphambano
Isici esifanayo sokubukeka sizoba usizo kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ezibonisiwe. Lesi sipho semvelo siyisibonakaliso esingasabisa izidalwa eziningi ezinobutha kubo. Zonke ezinye izici zesici zibonakala ngokusobala ku- isithombe sesicabucabu.
Njengoba ubona, unesifo somzimba esiyindilinga. Kuvela ukuthi cishe iphelele kanye nekhanda, lihlukaniswe laba yizindawo ezimbili, ezivame ukubizwa nge-cephalothorax nesisu.
Ubukhulu bezidalwa eziphilayo ezinjalo abunakubhekwa njengobukhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, abesifazane, abahlaba umxhwele ngosayizi kunabesilisa, imvamisa ababi ngaphezu kwama-26 mm, kepha kunezibonelo zezicabucabu ezinjalo ezinesentimitha elilodwa ubude futhi zimfushane kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, uqweqwe sinikezwe imilenze eyisishiyagalombili ebucayi eguqukayo. Unamehlo amane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahambisana ngamehlo. Lezi zitho zitholakala ngokuhlukahluka, okuvumela lesi silwane ukuthi sibe nombono oyindilinga kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zidalwa eziphilayo azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngombono obukhali obala kakhulu.
Bahlukanisa kuphela izinhlaka zezinto nezinto ezinjengesithunzi. Kepha banomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokunambitha nephunga. Futhi izinwele ezimboze umzimba nemilenze yazo zithwebula ngokuphelele ukudlidlizela nokudlidliza.
I-Chitin, into ekhethekile ebophayo yemvelo, isebenza njengesembozo somzimba futhi ngasikhathi sinye nohlobo lwamathambo ezilwane ezinjalo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kulahlwa yi-arachnids, kufakwe elinye igobolondo lemvelo, futhi phakathi nalezi zikhathi, ukukhula komzimba kuyenziwa, kukhululwe isikhashana ezintweni eziwubambayo.
Isiphambano sithathwa njengesicabucabu esinobuthi, kepha ubuthi baso abuyingozi kubantu
Lo mmeli wombuso wezinto eziphilayo wama-arachnids uyakwazi ukukhipha into enobuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke isicabucabu sesicabucabu sinobuthi noma cha? Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi sidalwa esincane siyingozi ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ezingenamgogodla.
Futhi ubuthi obufihlwe yibo bunomthelela omubi kakhulu enhlanganweni yabo ye-neuromuscular.
Izinhlobo zesicabucabu sesicabucabu
Inani lezinhlobo zezicabucabu ezinjalo liyamangalisa, kepha kuma-arachnid aziwa yisayensi, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-620 zichazwe ohlotsheni lweziphambano. Abamele babo bahlala emhlabeni wonke, kepha noma kunjalo bakhetha ukuhlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezipholile nezishisayo, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.
Ake sethule ezinye izinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Isiphambano esijwayelekile. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengokuvame kakhulu. Izidalwa eziphilayo ezifanayo zihlala phakathi kwamahlumela amahlathi, emadlelweni, emasimini nasemahlathini ama-coniferous aseYurophu, kanye nengxenye esenyakatho yamazwekazi aseMelika.
Zithanda izindawo ezimanzi, zimila kahle ezindaweni ezinamachibi, hhayi kude nemifula neminye imizimba yamanzi. Umzimba wabo uvikeleke ngokuthembekile ngegobolondo eliqinile eliqinile, futhi umswakama ugcina i-waxy enamathela kuwo.
Kuhlotshiswe okunjalo isicabucabu isicabucabu esimhlophe ngemuva okungejwayelekile oku-brown ngephethini. Iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi enjalo, lapho ihlolisiswa, ingabonakala intokozo kakhulu.
Isicabucabu esivamile
2. Isiphambano se-angular siyinhlobonhlobo engavamile, futhi ezifundeni zaseBaltic ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengengozini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-arthropods anjalo, yize eyingxenye yohlobo lwesiphambano, awanawo uphawu lwesici emzimbeni wawo.
Futhi esikhundleni salesi sici, esiswini sezidalwa, zimbozwe izinwele ezilula, ama-hump amabili, angasho lutho ngosayizi, avelele.
Isiphambano se-Angular
3. I-Owen Spider isakhamuzi saseNyakatho Melika. Amanetha wokubamba alezi zidalwa, kwesinye isikhathi abalulekile ngosayizi, angatholakala ezimayini ezilahliwe, emigodini nasemadwaleni, kanye nasekude nokuhlala abantu.
Umbala walezi zidalwa unombala onsundu onsundu. Ngombala onjalo, zifihlwa ebusweni bendawo ezungezile. Imilenze yezicabucabu ezinjalo inemigqa futhi imbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe.
EMelika kukhona uhlobo lwesiphambano
4. Isicabucabu esibhekene nekati ngesinye isakhamuzi sasezindaweni zaseMelika esifana nezinhlobo ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Umzimba wayo futhi umbozwe isihlwathi, futhi izinwele zingakhanya noma zibe mnyama. Lezi zidalwa azibalulekile ngosayizi. Ezinye izinhlobo zingaba ngaphansi kuka-6 mm.
Kepha uma kunjalo isicabucabu esikhulu yalolu hlobo, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile kungowesifazane, ngoba ubukhulu bawo bungafinyelela kuma-2,5 cm.Lama-arachnids athola igama lawo ngephethini elithakazelisayo esiswini, ngokungafani nobuso bekati.
Lo mhlobiso walezi zidalwa utholakala endaweni lapho isiphambano sivame ukubonakala phakathi kwezihlobo.
Isicabucabu esibhekene nekati sinomumo ofana nobuso bekati emzimbeni waso.
5. ISpider Pringles - isakhamuzi esincane sase-Asia, esivame kakhulu e-Australia. Umbala othakazelisa kakhulu unjalo uqweqwe: mnyama isisu sayo simakwe ngephethini emhlophe ehlekisayo, kuyilapho i-cephalothorax nemilenze yezicabucabu ezinjalo ziluhlaza ukufanisa uhlaza olunothile lwemiphetho lapho kuhlala khona izidalwa ezinjalo. Usayizi wesilisa kwezinye izimo mncane kakhulu kangangokuba awudluli ku-3 mm.
Izicabucabu zesicabucabu
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuze kuxazululwe, laba bameleli bezilwane bakhetha ukukhetha izindawo lapho kungekho khona umswakama. Lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukudonsa iso noma yikuphi lapho kunethuba lokweluka iwebhu.
Kulula kakhulu ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo zihlele inetha elinobuciko elinjalo phakathi kwamagatsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zizitholele indawo yokuhlala eduze, phakathi kwamahlamvu ezihlahla ezincane noma izihlahla ezide.
Ngakho-ke, izicabucabu zigxila kahle emahlathini, ezindaweni ezinokuthula, ezingathintwanga ezingadini nasemapaki. Ama-webs awo angatholakala nasemakhoneni ahlukahlukene ezakhiwo ezinganakiwe: ophahleni, phakathi kweminyango, amafreyimu amafasitela nakwezinye izindawo ezifanayo.
Esiswini sezidalwa ezinjalo kunezindlala ezikhethekile, ezikhiqiza ngokweqile into ekhethekile eyenza ukweluka amanetha okubamba. Njengoba wazi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-cobwebs. Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, into yokwakha yemvelo iyinhlanganisela, okufanele ibhekwe isondelene kakhulu nokwakheka kukasilika othambile, okhombisa amandla ayo ahlobene.
Ukwaluka okunephethini, okwakhiwe kusuka kokucacisiwe, okokuqala uketshezi kanye ne-viscous, impahla ngokuqina kwayo okuqhubekayo, izicabucabu ziluka ngokuvamile ngokuzikhandla okungapheli. Futhi emva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili, bacekela phansi inetha elidala, eligugile bese beluka elisha.
Lesi sakhiwo singabizwa ngokuthi ngumsebenzi weqiniso wokweluka ubuciko, obenziwe ngemicu, ubude obuyingqikithi yayo buyi-20 m. Inesakhiwo esijwayelekile sejiyomethri, enikezwe inani eliqinile elichazwe ngokujika okuvuthayo ngama-radii athile namabanga ukusuka esiyingini esisodwa senetha iye kolunye.
Futhi lokhu ngeke kuholele ekuthandweni, ngoba kubangela ukujabulisa ubuhle. Kepha akuwona umbono osiza izicabucabu zakha imigqa ephelele, ziqondiswa izitho ezibucayi zokuthinta.
Laba bameleli abanelukuluku lombuso wezinto eziphilayo bavame ukuluka izakhiwo ezinjalo ebusuku. Futhi konke lokhu kusizakala kakhulu futhi kulungile, ngoba ngesikhathi esibonisiwe sosuku iningi lezitha zesicabucabu lizitika ngokuphumula, futhi akekho noyedwa obakhathazayo ngokwenza ibhizinisi labo abalithandayo.
Emsebenzini onjalo, abadingi abasizi, ngakho-ke izicabucabu zingabantu abazimele empilweni. Futhi abachithi isikhathi esiningi bexhumana nezihlobo. Ngakho-ke, sebenze inethi yokubamba, bayacathama bese beqala ukulinda inyamazane yabo, njengenjwayelo, bebodwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi azifihli ikakhulukazi, kepha zitholakala enkabeni yewebhu eboshwe yizo. Noma babuka, behleli, kulokho okuthiwa intambo yesiginali, ebavumela ukuthi bezwe konke ukuxhumana kwalokhu ukweluka.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlobo oluthile lwesisulu luwela ogibeni lwesicabucabu. Ngokuvamile, lezi omiyane, izimpukane noma ezinye izinambuzane ezincane ezindizayo. Zibambeka kalula enetheni, ikakhulukazi njengoba imicu yalo inamathela. Futhi umnikazi womugqa wokudoba uzwa ngokushesha ukushaya kwabo, njengoba ekwazi ukucosha ngisho nokudlidlizela okuncane kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisulu siyabulawa. Ukulunywa isicabucabu ngezidalwa ezincane ezinjalo, kuyabulala impela, futhi isisulu asinalo ithuba lokusindiswa lapho sisebenzisa i-chelicera yaso enobuthi.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinambuzane ezincane ngokwazo nazo zingaba yingozi kwizicabucabu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinhlobo ezithile zezimpukane neminyovu, zisebenzisa ukunganyakazi kwazo okuvamile, ziyakwazi ngokuphazima kweso ukuze zihlale ngemuva kwezidlakudla ezinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili bese zizalela amaqanda emzimbeni wazo.
Kulokhu, izicabucabu azinakuzisiza, zinamandla onke kuphela lapho isisulu sazo sibambeka kuwebhu. Izicabucabu ngokwazo azikwazi ukubambeka enetheni lokuzibambela, ngoba zihamba kuphela ngokuqinile ezindaweni ezithile, ezinobuso obunganyakazi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinto eziphilayo ezichazwe yizilwane ezidla inyama. Ngaphezu kwezimpukane omiyane asebekhulunyiwe, izintwala, omiyane abahlukahlukene nabanye abamele izwe elincane lezinambuzane bangaba yisisulu sabo. Uma isisulu esinjalo siwele kunethiwekhi yalesi sidlova, khona-ke sinethuba lokuzitika ngaso ngokushesha.
Kepha, uma esuthi, uyakwazi ukushiya ukudla okwakamuva, akubambe ngentambo ezacile. Ngendlela, ukwakheka "kwentambo" enjalo kuhlukile kunentambo yewebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicabucabu sikufihla ukudla esikunikezayo kunoma iyiphi indawo efihlekile, ngokwesibonelo, emaqabungeni. Futhi uyidla lapho ezwa indlala futhi.
Isifiso sezicabucabu ezinjalo sihle kakhulu. Futhi imizimba yabo idinga ukudla okuningi. Inkambiso yansuku zonke iphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba icishe ilingane nesisindo sayo. Izidingo ezinjalo zenza abamele abachaziwe bomhlaba wezilwane futhi basebenze ngokufanele.
I-Krestoviki, ibamba inyamazane, ihlala ngokuqamekela cishe ngaphandle kokuphumula, kepha noma ngabe iphazanyiswa ebhizinisini, okwesikhashana.
Lezi zidalwa zigaya ukudla kwazo ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Lokhu akwenzeki ngaphakathi komzimba, kodwa ngaphandle. Ingxenye nje yejusi lokugaya ukudla ikhishwa yisicabucabu emzimbeni wesisulu, esigoqwe ngokhokho. Ngale ndlela, iyacutshungulwa, iphenduke into efanele ukusetshenziswa. Lesi sixazululo sezakhamzimba sivele siphuzwe yisicabucabu.
Kwenzeka ukuthi kumanethiwekhi abekwe yilezi zilwane ezinemilenze eyisishiyagalombili, inyamazane ifika enkulu kakhulu, ingane enjalo engakwazi ukubhekana nayo. Isicabucabu silwela ukuqeda lezo zinkinga ngokuqaqa ngamabomu imicu yenethiwekhi exhuma nayo.
Kepha uma usongo lungagcini lapho, ngenhloso yokuzivikela, uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo i-chelicera yakhe ngokumelene nezidalwa ezinkulu, ngokombono wakhe. Isibonelo, ixoxo engxenyeni yesine yehora ngemuva kokulunywa lingase lingakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele.
Kepha izicabucabu ziyingozi kubantu noma cha? Empeleni, ubuthi balezi zidalwa abuvezi ushintsho olungalungiseki kumzimba wawo wonke ama-vertebrate. Kubantu, ngenxa yenani elincane lezinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwe yila ma-arachnid uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wabantu, abakwazi ukwenza ngendlela ebucayi. Isihloko esilunyiwe sizozwa ubuhlungu obumnene kuphela, obuzohamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Impilo yalezi zidalwa idlula kuwebhu. Lapha, kubo, inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha yohlobo lwabo iqala. Futhi isikhathi sakhe kuvame ukuphela kokwindla. Okokuqala isicabucabu esiphambanweni owesilisa uthola umlingani ofanele.
Ube esefaka intambo yakhe kwenye indawo engezansi kwewebhu yakhe. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi insikazi iyezwa ngokushesha. Uzwa ukudlidlizela okukhethekile kokwaluka futhi ukuqonda kahle kubo ukuthi kwakungeyena umuntu othile, kodwa ukuzenzisa kokukhwelana, okwaphula isizungu sakhe.
Ngemuva kwalokho wehlela kumqashi wakhe, ophendula izimpawu zakhe zokunakwa. Ngemuva kokwenza ucansi, abesilisa abasaphili. Kepha owesifazane uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi usuqalile. Wakha umfece wesicabucabu okhethekile abekele amaqanda akhe lapho.
Isidleke sesicabucabu esiphambanweni
Uqala ngokuhudula le ndlu ngenhloso yokuzakhela isizukulwane, kepha lapho emtholile indawo efanelekayo, uyilengisa ngentambo eyenziwe ekhaya. Ngokushesha amawundlu avela lapho, kepha awashiyi indlu yawo, kepha ahlala kuwo ubusika bonke. Ziphuma emgodini kuphela entwasahlobo. Kepha umama wabo akaphili ukubona izikhathi ezifudumele.
Izicabucabu ezisencane ziyakhula, ziphila sonke isikhathi esifudumele, bese kuthi wonke umjikelezo wokuzala uphinde uphinde. Ukusuka lapha kulula ukuyiqonda: zingaki izicabucabu ezihlala... Isikhathi sonke sokuba khona kwabo, noma singakubala kanye nobusika, sivele sibe ngaphansi konyaka.
