Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo inyamazane eyinsikazi kuvusa isithakazelo sangempela kubantu bemisebenzi ehlukene, ubudala. Lesi sinambuzane esingajwayelekile sesibe umlingisi ophambili ezikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene, izitembu zokuposa, imidwebo yabadwebi abadumile. Ukuthandwa okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nokubukeka okungavamile kwebhungane, indlela yalo yokuphila ethakazelisayo nemikhuba.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: ibhungane
Izinyoni ezingama-Stag zingaphansi kwe-oda iColeoptera, umndeni we-stag. Igama lohlobo lwabo ngesiLatini lizwakala njengoLucanus. Lezi zinambuzane zidume ngemininingwane yazo engavamile yangaphandle, ubukhulu obukhulu. Emvelweni, kwakukhona abantu abanobude obufinyelela kumamilimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye! Izinyoni zezindluzele zibizwa nangokuthi izinyamazane. Lokhu kungenxa yeziqu zazo ezinkulu ezitholakala ekhanda. Ngaphandle, zifana nezimpondo zenyamazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ibhungane le-stag libhekwa njengebhungane elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Ensimini yaseRussia, umgawuli wezinkuni kuphela owedlula ngosayizi.
Igama lesiLatin elithi Lucanus ngokwezwi nezwi lihumusha ngokuthi "ukuhlala eLucania". Yindawo encane enyakatho ye-Etruria. Kulapho i-stag beetle yaqala khona ukuthandwa kakhulu. Izakhamizi zaseLucania zazithatha lezi zinambuzane zingcwele, zenza iziphonso kubo. Eminyakeni edlule, igama elithi Lucanus lanamathela kulo lonke uhlobo lwamabhungane ayizindluzele. Ngokokuqala ngqa, la mabhungane abizwa ngokuthi izinyamazane ngo-1758. Leli gama banikwa lona nguKarl Linnaeus. Namuhla womabili amagama athathwa njengalungile.
Ividiyo: Ibhungane le-Stag
Okwamanje, uhlobo lwezinambuzane lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amahlanu. Amabhungane asatshalaliswa cishe emhlabeni wonke. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungalazi ibhungane le-stag phakathi kwezinye izinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane. Mikhulu, anomzimba o-flatten nama-mandibles akhulisiwe (kwabesilisa kuphela, kwabesifazane bamnene).
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal stag beetle
I-stag beetle inezici ezingavamile ezingaphandle:
- Usayizi womzimba wesilisa usukela kumamilimitha angamashumi amane nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu, abesifazane - kusuka kumashumi amabili nanhlanu kuya kumashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa. Ububanzi bamanani bungenxa yokuthi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene amabhungane akhula ngobukhulu obungafani;
- Umzimba omkhulu, oyisicaba. Umzimba une-elytra emnyama nsundu, nsundu noma emnyama. Zimboza ngokuphelele isisu. Ingaphansi lomzimba lipendwe ngokumnyama;
- Ubulili balesi sinambuzane bunganqunywa ngosayizi wamagunya. Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zithuthuke kahle, ngobude zingaba zikhulu ukwedlula wonke umzimba. Abesilisa banamazinyo amabili ku-mandible ngayinye. Abesifazane abakwazi ukuziqhayisa "ngomhlobiso" onjalo. Okugunyaziwe kwabo kuncane kakhulu;
- Inhloko yamabhungane ibanzi, izimpondo ziyi-geniculate. Kwabesifazane, amehlo aphelele, kanti kwabesilisa bahlukaniswa ngokuvundlulwa;
- Ngokwemvelo, kunamabhungane amadala amadala anombala ogqamile womzimba. Ziwolintshi, ziluhlaza okotshani. Umzimba wabo uphonsa isheen enhle yegolide, eyinsimbi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umbala wezimpondo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwamabhungane unombala onsundu ogqamile ophawulwe ngombala obomvu. Kepha ngemuva kokufa okuguqukayo kuyashintsha. Ziba mnyama, zithole umbala onsundu onsundu.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane?
Isithombe: izinambuzane eziyizinyoni
UStaghorn uhlala eTurkey, eRussia, eKazakhstan, e-Iran, e-Asia Minor, e-Europe, inani elincane litholakala eNyakatho Afrika. Futhi, indawo yemvelo ifaka amazwe afana neMoldova, Georgia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine. EYurophu, amabhungane azinzile ezindaweni ezisuka eSweden ziya eNhlonhlweni YaseBalkan. Esikhathini esedlule, amabhungane ayaziwa ayehlala eLithuania, e-Estonia, eDenmark naseGreat Britain. Kepha okwamanje, endaweni yala mazwe, abonwa njengezilwane ezingasekho.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ensimini yaseRussia, ibhungane le-stag lingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zohlobo lweLucanus. EBelarus, e-Ukraine, lolu hlobo yilona kuphela olumele.
Izinyoni ezingama-Stag zikhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo ukuze ziphile. Izindawo zesimo sezulu ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo kakhulu azibafanele. Ukuze ikoloni entsha yezinyamazane ivele endaweni, kudingeka izimo ezithile - ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lezihlahla eziwile neziqu. Kukuzo lapho isinambuzane sibeka khona izibungu.
Kunzima ukusho izinhlobo ezithile zezinkuni lapho amabhungane ama-stag akhetha ukuhlala khona. Amabhungane, inzalo yawo yayivame ukutholakala eduze kweziqu ezahlukahlukene, izihlahla ezishisayo eziwile. Kulezi zilwane, isinqumo esinqumayo kunesinye isikhathi - ubudala bezinkuni. Zikhetha ukuhlala esihlahleni esonakele kakhulu.
Yini edliwa yindluzele?
Isithombe: Ibhuku elibomvu le-stag beetle
Imenyu yansukuzonke yezinyamazane ze-stag ayihlukile kakhulu. Ukudla kwesilwane esinjalo kuxhomeke ngqo endaweni esihlala kuyo, isigaba sokuthuthuka. Izibungu ikakhulu zidla amagxolo abolile nezinkuni. Banobukhulu obuhle, isifiso esihle kakhulu. Ngisho nesibungu esisodwa siyakwazi ukuququza lonke uhlelo lwamaphaseji kumagxolo esihlahla ngesikhathi esifushane. Kusezingeni lesibungu lapho inqwaba yokudla imuncwa khona.
Abantu abadala badinga ijusi yemifino ukuze balondoloze amandla abo. Baphuza ubisi lwezihlahla, izikhala eziluhlaza, izihlahlana. Le jusi inomsoco impela. Ukuyidla, ngezinye izikhathi amabhungane kufanele asebenze kanzima - adle amagxolo. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi amabhungane ama-stag female. Uma kungekho ujusi eduzane, i-stag beetle ingadla umpe omnandi, amanzi alula (amazolo asekuseni).
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuze uthole umthombo wesiqu somuthi, ama-stags avame ukuba nokulwa kwangempela. Abesilisa balwa kanzima ngezimpondo ezinamandla. Ophumelele uthola ijusi entsha, enomsoco.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwamabhungane ama-stag kuthatha amahora amaningana. Badinga ujusi omningi ukugcina amandla abo. Muva nje, izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukubanjwa ukuze zigcinwe emakhaya. Ekhaya, ukudla kwe-stag beetle kuqukethe: utshani obusha, isiraphu kashukela, ujusi, uju.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: ibhungane
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ubukhulu bezinkumbi eziyizinyoni buncike endaweni abahlala kuyo. Kepha hhayi usayizi nje. Indlela yokuphila yalesi sinambuzane nayo incike ngqo esifundeni esihlala kuso. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zemvelo, indiza yebhungane iqala ngoMeyi iphele ngoJulayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enyakatho, umsebenzi oyinhloko wenzeka ebusuku. Emini, izimbungulu zikhetha ukucasha ezihlahleni. Engxenyeni eseningizimu, konke kufana nse - amabhungane ayasebenza emini, aphumule ebusuku.
Abesilisa abadala banesifiso esikhulu sokundiza. Abesifazane bandiza kaningi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesidingo. Emini, abathwali bezindluzele bahamba amabanga amafushane emoyeni - ukusuka esihlahleni kuya kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, zingakhuphuka zifike kumakhilomitha amathathu ngamaphiko azo. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luyahluka ngokuthi alikwazi ukusuka njalo endaweni evundlile. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu bezimpondo. Ukuze zikhuphukele emoyeni, lezi zinambuzane ziwela ngokukhethekile emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Umlingiswa walesi sinambuzane uthanda impi. Indluzelekazi ivame ukuhlasela ezinye izilwane, ingene ekulweni nabamele bohlobo lwayo. Indluzelekazi nayo ingasebenzisa amandla ayo ukulwa nezilwane, abantu. Kodwa-ke, kuhlala kunencazelo yalokhu kuziphatha okunolaka. Ibhungane lingahlasela abantu, izilwane ezidla ezinye, nezinye izinambuzane kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Ngobhungane bohlobo lwayo, izinyamazane zilwela umgomo othile - owesifazane, umthombo wokudla.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma ulwela umuthi womuthi noma owesifazane, amabhungane amaxhaphozi awalimazi omunye komunye. Ophumelele empini nguyena okwazile ukuwisa imbangi yakhe phansi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: izinambuzane eziyizinyoni
Inqubo yokuzala ku-stag beetle inezici ezithile:
- Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha izinyanga ezimbili: kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Abesilisa babheka abesifazane kusihlwa, ukuheha "intokazi" ekhethiwe engingadansa ngokwedelela, ngibonise izimpondo zami ezinkulu;
- Ukukhwelana okuqondile kwalezi zinambuzane kuthatha amahora amaningana. Yonke le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka esihlahleni;
- Ibhungane leduna lingazalela kuze kufike emaqanda angamashumi amabili ngasikhathi. Esikhathini esedlule, ososayensi babekhipha kakhulu amandla esilwane, becabanga ukuthi insikazi izalela amaqanda angaba yikhulu;
- Amaqanda akhula ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa - kusuka kwamathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Sinenkosi umbala ophuzi, ukuma okweqanda. Ngemuva kokuthi zizalwe kabusha zibe izibungu;
- Isigaba sezibungu yinde kakhulu. Kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibungu singadla isamba esikhulu sezinkuni, ngoba sinesifiso sokudla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesibungu kuvame ukwenzeka engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yesihlahla noma kwiziphunzi;
- Abesifazane babeka amaqanda, okungcono ezihlahleni ze-oki. Noma kunjalo, ama-oki akulona ukuphela kohlobo olufanele lwesihlahla. Izibungu zitholakale ngeziqu kanye neziqu ezahlukahlukene. Zondla ngokhuni olubolile, zisiza izinto zemvelo ukubola ngokushesha;
- Izibungu ziphenduka isiphungumangathi ngo-Okthoba.
Izitha zemvelo zezindluzele
Isithombe: isilwane sebhungane
I-stag beetle isisulu esilula sezinyoni ezinkulu. Zizingelwa amagwababa, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko, amagwababa amnyama, onogwaja, izikhova, ama-hobbyists, ama-rolling roller, nabanye abaningi abamele ama-corvids. Izinyoni zikhetha ukuzitika ngesisu kuphela sesilwane. Balahla izinsalela zebhungane. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abaningi bathi kunezinyoni ezigwinya izithukuthuku ziphelele. Isibonelo, izikhova. Inani elikhulu lamabhungane lifa minyaka yonke ngenxa yezidladla zezinyoni. Emahlathini lapho izinambuzane ezinjalo zihlala ngobuningi, ungathola kalula izinsalela zezimpondo, imizimba, amakhanda.
Futhi, ama-jays, ama-woodpeckers, ama-rook ngisho namalulwane ngeke anqabe ukudla kuma-stag beetle. Ngokuvamile, izinambuzane ezinjalo ziba izisulu zamakati asekhaya, izintuthwane nemikhaza. Iminyovu evela kuhlobo lweScolia kungabangelwa izitha zemvelo. Abamele abakhulu balolu hlaselo bahlasela kuphela izibungu. Ziyabakhubaza, zibekele amaqanda esiqwini. Ngemuva kwalokho izibungu ezichanyuselwe zidla isibungu se-stag beetle. Izibungu zomnyovu ziqala ukudla kwazo ngezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinomsoco.
Kungenzeka futhi ukubiza abantu ngesitha semvelo sebhungane. Abantu bathumba abantu abadala ngenhloso yokuzijabulisa kwabo, inzuzo, noma nje ngenxa yelukuluku. Abaningi bazama ukuwagcina emakhaya, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane. Abanye bathengisa amabhungane kubaqoqi ngemali enkulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: ibhungane
Namuhla, inani lamabhungane kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo lincipha kancane kancane. Izinyoni ezingama-STag zaqala ukutholakala ngisho nasemahlathini e-oki kuyaqabukela, endaweni. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kungekudala, lesi sinambuzane sizophela nya. La mabhungane agcina inombolo ephezulu kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Isibonelo, eKharkov, ezifundeni zaseChernigov e-Ukraine. Lapho, ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqubuka kokwanda kwenani lalezi zilwane kusabonakala.
Yini ethinta inani lalezi zinhlobo?
Izici ezilandelayo zithinta ukwehla kwesibalo sezindluzele:
- Ezemvelo. Ukonakala okubanzi kwesimo semvelo, ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi, amanzi, umoya - konke lokhu kuthinta kabi ukusinda kwezilwane endle;
- Umsebenzi wabantu onganakekeli emahlathini. Amaxhaphozi ahlala eduze kwamahlathi lapho kuneziqu, iziqu zezihlahla eziwile. Ukugawulwa okungalawulwa, ukubhujiswa kwezinkuni - konke lokhu kuholela ekwehliseni isibalo sezindluzele. Amabhungane awanandawo yokubeka amaqanda awo;
- Ukubanjwa kwezinambuzane ngokungemthetho ngabantu. I-stag beetle iyi-tidbit yanoma yimuphi umqokeleli. Emakethe, izindleko zalesi sinambuzane kwesinye isikhathi zidlula inkulungwane eyodwa yamadola, kuya ngosayizi, umbala wesilwane.
Ukuvikelwa kwezindluzele
Isithombe: Ibhungane le-Stag elivela eRed Book
Ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lamabhungane ezindluzele, afakwa eRed Book yamazwe amaningi. Emuva ngo-1982, lesi sinambuzane sabonwa sisengozini ezindaweni eziningi endaweni yaso yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla lesi silwane sivikelwe eDenmark, ePoland, eJalimane, e-Estonia, eMoldova, e-Ukraine, eSweden, eKazakhstan naseRussia. Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zinhlobo zabonwa njengezaphela ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-stag beetle ixhaswa njalo yizenzo ezahlukahlukene, okushicilelwe kumajenali ezesayensi nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2012, leli bhungane labonwa njengesinambuzane sonyaka eJalimane, e-Austria, eSwitzerland.
Namuhla amabhungane amaxhaphozi avikelwe ngokucophelela ngumthetho. Ukubamba, ukuthengisa, ukufuya akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke benza amaqembu akhethekile wokuqapha. Bafunda ngempilo, inani labantu nokusatshalaliswa kwamabhungane. Ensimini yaseRussia, izimo ezikhethekile zenzelwe ukukhiqizwa nokuhlala kwamabhungane asezinqolobaneni.
Futhi endaweni yendawo yemvelo, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulondoloza ama-biotopes. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ezindala nokubhujiswa kweziphunzi kunqunyelwe emahlathini kuphela. Izinkulumo ezichazayo zibanjwa nabantu abasha nezingane ezikoleni. Ngesikhathi lapho othisha bekhuluma ngesidingo sokuvikela nokuvikela amabhungane anjalo, mayelana nokuthi awukwazi ukuwabamba futhi uwabulale ukuze uzijabulise.
Ibhungane Ungummeleli ogqamile, omkhulu wohlobo lweLucanus. Lesi sinambuzane esimangalisayo sinokubukeka okungalibaleki, imikhuba ethokozisayo nenani elikhulu. Ibhungane liletha izinzuzo eziningi esintwini, lisiza ukhuni nezinye izinto zemvelo ukubola ngokushesha. Kule ndawo, ubizwa nangokuthi ukuhleleka kwehlathi. Ngeshwa, isibalo samabhungane besilokhu sinciphile kuze kube yilolu suku. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ukuze kulondolozwe uhlobo oluyigugu kangaka lwamabhungane amakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-13: 37
