I-Afrika inezifundazwe ezingama-55 namadolobha amakhulu angama-37. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iCairo, iLuanda neLagos.
Leli zwekazi, elibhekwa njengelesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, lisendaweni eshisayo, ngakho-ke kukholelwa ukuthi lishisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Abantu base-Afrika, cishe abantu abayi-1 billion, bahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziwugwadule.
Ezifundazweni, hhayi kuphela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okungathuthukisiwe ngokuphelele, kepha futhi nocwaningo nokwethulwa kwezinqubo zakamuva zesayensi, ukwehliswa kokukhishwa okungathandeki emkhathini, ukwehliswa kokukhishwa kohlelo lwendle, ukuqedwa kwezinsalela eziyingozi zamakhemikhali.
Izinkinga zemvelo azibangelwa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithombo yemvelo, okungukuxhashazwa kwazo ngokungenangqondo, ukugcwala kwezifundazwe, imiholo ephansi yabantu kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, njengoba indawo yemvelo yehlisa isithunzi.
Izinkinga zomhlaba wonke nezithize
Okokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zezinkinga - ezomhlaba nezicacisiwe. Uhlobo lokuqala lubandakanya ukungcoliswa komkhathi ngemfucuza enobungozi, ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali emvelweni, njll.
Uhlobo lwesibili lubandakanya izinkinga ezilandelayo zesici:
- umlando wamakholoni
- indawo yezwekazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezenkabazwe (abantu abakwazanga ukusebenzisa izindlela nezindlela esezaziwa emhlabeni ukuqinisa ibhalansi yemvelo)
- isidingo esizinzile nesikhokhelwa kahle sezinsizakusebenza
- ukuthuthukiswa kancane kwezinqubo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe
- ubuchwepheshe obuphansi kakhulu besibalo sabantu
- ukwanda kokuzala, okuholela ekungcoleni kwendle
- ubumpofu babantu.
Izinsongo kwimvelo yase-Afrika
Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla e-Afrika, ochwepheshe banaka ngokukhethekile lezi zinsongo ezilandelayo
- Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo kuyingozi e-Afrika. AbaseNtshonalanga beza kuleli zwekazi bezofuna izingodo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke indawo yamahlathi ashisayo yehle kakhulu. Uma uqhubeka nokusika izihlahla, abantu base-Afrika bazosala bengenawo uphethiloli.
- Ukuntuleka kogwadule kwenzeka kuleli zwekazi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nemikhuba yokulima engenangqondo ngokuphelele.
- Ukuncipha kwenhlabathi okusheshayo e-Afrika ngenxa yemikhuba yezolimo engasebenzi kahle nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
- Izilwane nezimbali zase-Afrika zisengozini enkulu, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwezindawo zokuhlala. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezingandile zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokungenangqondo ngesikhathi sokunisela, ukusatshalaliswa okungasebenzi kahle kwesiza nokuningi kakhulu kuholela ekusweleni kwamanzi kuleli zwekazi.
- Ukwanda kokungcola komoya ngenxa yemboni ethuthukile nenani elikhulu lokukhishwa emkhathini, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinhlaka zokuhlanza umoya.
