Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo isikulufa
Shrew - lesi yisilwane esincane (kusuka kumasentimitha ambalwa, ezimweni ezingavamile - kufika ku-1 decimeter), ongowomndeni wama-shrews, enesisindo esingamagremu ayishumi nambili kuphela.
Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe, shrew ngaphandle ifana negundane lensimu, lehluke kulo kuphela esifubeni esifinyene, esifana ne-proboscis, nomsila, kwesinye isikhathi odlula ubukhulu bomzimba uqobo, onezinwele ezimfushane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane sinamehlo amancane obuhlalu, amazinyo amhlophe, imilenze emikhulu yangemuva, izinwele ze-velvety kanye nsundu ngombala, kokunye kucishe kube mnyama, umbala. Okuphezulu kumnyama kuthi phansi kukhanye. Izilwane zivame kakhulu eNyakatho Yurophu futhi zingezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo.
Bathanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni zotshani, futhi bavame ukuhlala ngaphansi komhlonyane. Kwezinye izimo, njengamagundane, angahlala emizini yabantu.
Shrew evamile ikakhulukazi yaqala izimpande ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lesi silwane sivame ukubonakala emthunzini wamahlathi ahlanganisiwe nalawo ahlabayo, lapho sithanda khona izindawo ezinomswakama ezimbozwe imfucumfucu yezitshalo.
Isikebhe se-Arctic uyisakhamuzi saseSiberia netundra, etholakala enyakatho ekude yezwekazi laseMelika. Izilwane zicubungula izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka (lapho kuhlangana khona imijikelezo ebandayo nefudumele yesimo sezulu esenyakatho), ziguqula uboya bazo busuke bukhanye futhi bube bukhulu ezinyangeni zasebusika buze bube woboya obuncane bamathoni aqondayo ngezikhathi ezivumayo. Umbala woboya uyathakazelisa futhi unemibala emithathu ensundu, kusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kokumpunga futhi kumnyama bhuqe ngokuphelele.
Isikhisi esikhulu, enobude bomzimba obungu-10 cm, itholakala enyakatho yeNhlonhlo YaseKorea, eMpumalanga Ekude naseChina. Inani lalesi silwane lehla kakhulu, ngenxa yalesi simo, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokusivikela.
Esithombeni kunesikhisi esikhulu
I-shrew encane incane kakhulu futhi ifinyelela kubude obungadluli ku-6 cm, futhi imvamisa incane kakhulu. Itholakala eCaucasus, Kyrgyzstan naseSiberia. Imvamisa iba nombala obomvu wekhofi. Okuncane kakhulu (cishe u-4 cm) kungukuthi isikulufu esincane, okungekho ngeze kubhekwe njengommeleli omncane wezilwane ezincelisayo eRussia.
Esithombeni, isikhwanyana esincane
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila yesikhwama
Ngokungafani namagundane-amagundane, shrew kubhekisa ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akagebhi ama-minks, kepha uhlala kudoti wasehlathini: ubuso bomhlaba, obumbozwe ngamaqabunga awile futhi abunile, utshani bonyaka odlule.
Ebusika, isilwane asihlali ebusika, ngakho-ke, esimweni esisebenzayo, ungahlangabezana naso ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka. I-shrew iyaqaphela, futhi impilo yayo eyinhloko yenzeka ebusuku. Kepha ingakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sosuku, ikakhulukazi iba namandla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
Uyakwazi ukwenza amapaseji amazombezombe enhlabathini ethambile, ngaphansi kweqhwa nakudoti wasehlathini ovulekile, enza lokhu ngosizo lwe-proboscis nemilenze. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenqubekela phambili yayo, ibuye isebenzise ukuhamba kwamagundane: ama-moles, ama-voles, amagundane.
Encane shrew shrew kwehluka embonweni ongabalulekile. Futhi izitho eziyinhloko ezimsizayo ukuthi aphile kulo mhlaba ngumqondo wokuthinta nephunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusuku ithuluzi elikhethekile futhi eliyingqayizivele elinikezwe ngokwemvelo, njenge-echolocation, liyamsiza ukuba ahambe.
Ukwengeza okufanayo kwezinye izinzwa, okukuhlukanisa nezinye izidalwa eziningi, kuyisiza ukuthi ingalahleki ebumnyameni phakathi kweziqu zotshani nezimpande zezitshalo.
Lapho ifuna lokho ekuphokophelelayo, isikhindi sikhipha imisindo yomsindo. Futhi izindlebe zesilwane, ezinesakhiwo esihlukile, zithola izimpawu ezidingekayo ekuphenduleni, zisinike imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nezici zomhlaba ozungezile.
Ukudla
Lesi silwane, yize sinobungako besizotha, siminzile ngokweqile, sisebenzisa ukudla okuphindwe kabili kunesisindo saso ngosuku.
Futhi uthola ukudla, efuna ngenkuthalo ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zenhlabathi, kunokuba abe nebhadi lokucasula kakhulu abalimi nabalimi abakhuthele. Kepha kungcono ukuthi ungajahi ukuthukuthela omakhelwane njengezinsimbi, ngoba izilwane zingasiza ekuqedeni izinambuzane eziningi: amacimbi, ama-weevils, ama-beetle, chofoza amabhungane, ama-May mabhungane, amabhere, ama-slugs.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isichotho asivamile ukubamba iso lomuntu, ngoba sisebenza ikakhulu ebusuku, sigcwele inkungu kadoti. Isilwane sondla izilwane ezingenamgogodla zasemhlabeni: iminenke, ama-millipedes, izicabucabu nezikelemu zomhlaba.
Kudoti wasehlathini, ogcwele izilwane ezincane, lapho ahlala khona, akunzima kuye ukuthola ukudla ngesikhathi esivumayo. Futhi, isikulufa siyakwazi ukudla udoti wezinyoni, isidumbu kanye nembewu yezitshalo, okuvame ukwakha ukudla kwasebusika.
Ngenkathi idla, isilwane, njengomthetho, sihlala kuyo yonke imilenze emine, kepha kokunye, ngokwesibonelo, lapho sidla izibungu ezishelelayo noma amabhungane, singasebenzisa imilenze yaso yangaphambili ukubamba isisulu saso.
Imvamisa lapho ifuna okuthile okudliwayo, isikulufu sikhuphuka ezihlahleni, sikhuphuke isiqu, sibambelele kokungahambi kahle kwegxolo ngezidladla zalo ukuzitika ngamaqanda enundu noma amabhu e-gypsy.
Ukuze ithole ukudla, isikhwishi siyakwazi ukuhlasela noma sikhulu kangako, uma siqhathaniswa nosayizi waso, izilwane, njengamagundane amancane namaxoxo. Futhi uma kunqotshwa, kubadla cishe ngokuphelele, kusale kuphela izikhumba namathambo ezisisulu salo.
Amaxoxo amaningi aba yisisulu sezinsimbi phakathi nesikhathi sokulala, kuthi lapho iqhwa lincibilika, kutholakale amathambo abo kuphela, adliwe kahle, phansi ehlathini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalela izilwane siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imvamisa ngo-Mashi, futhi siphela ekwindla ngasekupheleni.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-mother shrew iyakwazi ukuzala amantshontsho amaningana (kusuka kwababili kuya kwabane), ngalinye elengeza ama-3-9 amawundlu enombolweni yalezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Ukukhulelwa kwesilwane kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane. Futhi ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ama-shrew akha isidleke phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma zamatshe. Bakhela izingane zabo zesikhathi esizayo indawo yokuhlala ngamaqabunga nobulembu, ukuze kube lula bakumboza ngento ethambile.
Ama-shrews amancane akhula ngokushesha, yize ezalwa eyimpumputhe ngokuphelele futhi enomzimba ongavikelekile, onqunu. Emavikini amathathu alandelayo, kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, badla ubisi lwebele.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izingane ezibuka amawundlu ziyavuleka, bese ziqala ukumbozwa izinwele. Futhi emva kwezinyanga eziyi-3-4 zona ngokwazo ziyakwazi ukuzala izingane. Izilwane ziphila cishe izinyanga eziyi-18-23, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi ziyakwazi ukuphindaphindeka ngokuqinile.
