Isayensi ye-limonology isebenza ngokutadisha amachibi. Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ngemvelaphi, phakathi kwazo kukhona amachibi we-tectonic. Akhiwa njengomphumela wokuhamba kwamapuleti e-lithospheric kanye nokuvela kokudabukisa koqweqwe lomhlaba. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo ichibi elijule kakhulu emhlabeni - iBaikal nelikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni - uLwandle iCaspian. Kuhlelo lokuqhekeka lwaseMpumalanga Afrika, kuye kwaba khona uqhekeko olukhulu, lapho kugxilwe khona amachibi amaningi:
- ITanganyika;
- Albert;
- Nyasa;
- U-Edward;
- ULwandle Olufile (ichibi eliphansi kunazo zonke emhlabeni).
Ngendlela yawo, amachibi we-tectonic ayimizimba emincane kakhulu futhi ejulile, enogu oluhlukile. Ngaphansi kwabo kuvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Inombhalo ocacile ofana nolayini ogobile, ophukile, ogobile. Ngezansi, ungathola imikhondo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhululeka. Ogwini lwamachibi we-tectonic akhiwe ngamatshe aqinile, futhi awakhukhuleki kahle. Ngokwesilinganiso, indawo enamanzi ajulile yamachibi alolu hlobo ifinyelela kuma-70%, namanzi angajulile - angeqi kuma-20%. Amanzi amachibi we-tectonic awafani, kepha ngokuvamile anezinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Amachibi amakhulu amakhulu emhlabeni
Umcengezi woMfula iSuna unamachibi amakhulu amabili naphakathi amathekhistoni:
- URandozero;
- I-Palier;
- USalvilambi;
- Imbadada;
- Sundozero.
Phakathi kwamachibi wemvelaphi yamathoni eKyrgyzstan kukhona iSon-Kul, iChatyr-Kul ne-Issyk-Kul. Ensimini yeTrans-Ural Plain, kukhona namachibi amaningana akhiwa ngenxa yephutha le-tectonic egobolondweni eliqinile lomhlaba. Lezi ngu-Argayash noKaldy, u-Uelgi noTishki, uShablish noSugoyak. E-Asia, kukhona namachibi we-tectonic iKukunor, iKhubsugul, i-Urmia, iBiwa neVan.
Kukhona futhi namachibi amaningi emvelaphi yetectonic eYurophu. Lawa yiGeneva neVeettern, iComo neConstance, iBalaton neLake Maggiore. Phakathi kwamachibi aseMelika anomsuka we-tectonic, amaGreat North Lakes American kufanele kukhulunywe ngawo. IWinnipeg, i-Athabasca neBig Bear Lake zohlobo olufanayo.
Amachibi eTectonic atholakala emathafeni noma endaweni yemikhombe ye-intermontane. Zinokujula okukhulu nosayizi omkhulu kakhulu. Hhayi kuphela amafolda e-lithosphere, kepha futhi nokuqhekeka koqweqwe lomhlaba kubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamabibi echibi. Iphansi lamachibi we-tectonic angaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Amachibi anjalo atholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba, kepha inani lawo elikhulu kakhulu likhona ngqo endaweni enamaphutha koqweqwe lomhlaba.
