Akuwona wonke umuntu owaba nenhlanhla yokubona ibhungane likabhejane bukhoma. Kodwa-ke, uma ingena ekubukekeni, ngeke iphume kwimemori isikhathi eside. Lesi yisinambuzane esikhulu kakhulu esikhanga ngokubukeka kwaso okungavamile. ubhungane yathola igama layo elingajwayelekile ngenxa yokukhula okuncane ekhanda, okubukeka kakhulu njengophondo lukabhejane. Kwabesifazane, akubizwa kakhulu, kepha abesilisa banophondo oluhlaba umxhwele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isinambuzane sebhejane
Obhejane bangabomndeni wezinambuzane ezikhanyayo. Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu: i-Australia, iJapane, ibhungane lezindlovu, iNyakatho Melika, i-giant, i-Asia nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane namakhulu amathathu zalesi sinambuzane. Abamele babo bahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo ikakhulukazi.
Ividiyo: Ibhungane lobhejane
Ibhungane likabhejane linezici ezimbili ezihlukile. Olokuqala luphondo olumenyezelwe ekhanda lwabesilisa. Ududulelwe phezulu, unamandla anele, unamandla. Isici sesibili esibalulekile igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous. Ivikela ngokuthembekile ibhungane ezitheni. Ngaphandle ifana nezembatho zesosha. Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile nosayizi omkhulu, ubhejane ubhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kunjalo, kunikezwe usayizi wayo uqobo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isakhiwo sasemoyeni somzimba walesi sinambuzane singabizwa ngokuzethemba ukuthi asihloselwe ukundiza. Kodwa-ke, ibhungane likabhejane alinandaba nemithetho ye-physics. Akagcini ngokundiza kuphela, kodwa uyakwazi ukumboza amabanga wokuqopha emoyeni. Izimbungulu ezinjalo zingahamba kalula ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ososayensi futhi kwabhalwa njengomphumela wokuhlolwa.
Enye ikhwalithi emangalisayo etholakala kubamele umndeni yikhono lokukhiqiza imali encane kagesi. Kwakheka emzimbeni webhungane ngenxa yamabhulashi akhethekile. Ngokushayisana, isitha singazizwa sithuka kancane ngogesi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhungane Rhino
Ibhungane likabhejane linezici zangaphandle ezilandelayo:
- Ubukhulu obukhulu. Isinambuzane singafinyelela ubude bamamilimitha angamashumi amane nesikhombisa. Amabhungane abesilisa makhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
- Uphondo lwesici. Lokhu kukhula kubonakaliswa kwabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, incane, ifana nesifo sofuba esijwayelekile. Kukhona nokuphakama okuguqukayo ku-pronotum yamabhungane.
- Ikhanda elincane. Cishe lonke ikhanda lowesilisa lihlala uphondo. Amabhungane anama-eye lobes abanzi nomhlathi omkhulu ongaphezulu. I-occiput ibushelelezi kakhulu. Ehlangothini, ikhanda lezinambuzane limbozwe imibimbi ejulile.
- Isimemezelo esiphambanweni esibuthakathaka. Kweduna, linobukhulu obukhulu. Ingxenye engemuva yesimemezelo i-convex futhi inama-tubercles. Ihlehliswe kancane ngaphambili. Ubambo olunqamulelayo lutholakala kusimemezelo. Imvamisa inama-tubercles amathathu.
- I-convex elytra. Ama-tubercles ama-humeral athuthukiswe ngokumangazayo kuwo. I-Propigidium imbozwe imibimbi nezinwele.
- Iqinile, imilenze emifushane. Zihlukaniswe kabanzi. Lezi zangaphambili zenzelwe ukumba, konke okusizayo kusiza isinambuzane ukuzungeza indawo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
- Umbala ongajwayelekile. Ibhungane likabhejane liyinambuzane enhle kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe ucwebezela kamnandi elangeni. Iyakhazimula futhi inombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Ngaphansi komzimba kuphela okukhipha okuphuzi okuncane, okukhanya kakhulu kunaphezulu.
- Isibungu esijiyile, esimise u-C. Linombala ophuzi nomhlophe futhi lingaba amasentimitha ayishumi nanye ubude.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izimpondo eziphuma phambili ziyisici esiyinhloko samabhungane obhejane. Kodwa ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukuchaza injongo yabo. Kungabonakala sengathi lena indlela enhle kakhulu yokuvikela noma yokuhlasela, kepha izinambuzane zisindiswa engozini ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Lapho bebhekene nesitha, ngaso leso sikhathi benza sengathi bafile. Izimbungulu zisonga imilenze yazo, ziqinise izimpondo zazo, bese ziwela phansi ngokushesha. Lapho bahlangana nenhlabathi, amagatsha, amaqabunga.
Uhlala kuphi ubhungane wobhejane?
Isithombe: Isinambuzane sebhejane
Obhungane bobhejane, izinhlobo zazo ezahlukahlukene zisabalele kakhulu. Zitholakala eYurophu. Okuhlukile yizindawo ezisenyakatho ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Inani elikhulu lalezi zinambuzane lihlala eCaucasus, engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia Ephakathi, eTurkey, e-Asia Minor naseSyria. Inani elincane lamabhungane lingatholakala eCrimea, kwezinye izindawo zase-Ukraine.
Ibhungane likabhejane lidinga amahlathi ahlabayo ukuze liphile, likhiqize futhi liphakele. Le yindawo yabo yemvelo. Amahlathi anoma yiluphi uhlobo amukelekile: izindawo ezinamanzi, amahlathi agcwele izikhukhula zemifula, izintaba, amasimu amakhulu, umhosha. Kusendaweni enjalo lapho kuhlala khona iningi lomndeni wobhejane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungenelela komuntu, lezi zinambuzane zikwazile ukungena kwezinye izindawo: i-steppe, i-semi-desert. Zisungulwe ngokuqinile emasimini okwenziwa, zingaba khona kalula ezindaweni ezingenamithi.
E-Kazakhstan, e-Asia Ephakathi, lesi silwane singatholakala emathafeni, ogwadule olungenalutho. Izivumelanise nokuhlala nokuzala ezindaweni zokuhlala kwabantu. Isinambuzane sikhula ngentshiseko emqubeni obolile, ezinqwabeni zikadoti, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezahlukahlukene nasemagcekeni ezinkomo. Ngokufanayo, leli bhungane likabhejane lisenyakatho neYurophu nasengxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Lapho ingatholakala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ezindaweni zokushisela, nakudoti ohlukahlukene.
Udlani ubhejane?
Isithombe: Ibhungane elikhulu lobhejane
Ukudla okunomsoco kabhungane wobhejane kunempikiswano enkulu phakathi kwezazi zezinambuzane. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bomhlaba abakwazi ukuvumelana ngombono ofanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokudla kobhejane:
- Ukudla kwayo kufana ncamashi nokudla kwebhungane. Iqembu elilodwa lodokotela bezinambuzane ligcizelela ukuthi obhejane badla ukumuncwa kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene: i-birch bark, i-oki, i-birch, i-willow. Le mbono inobufakazi obuthile obukholisayo. Amazinyo okusika izinambuzane akhule kahle, imihlathi engezansi imbozwe ngama-bristles akhethekile. Ama-bristles akha isitho esivumela isilwane ukuthi sidle ubisi lwesitshalo;
- Ubhungane kabadli nhlobo. Lona umbono wesibili. Ithi isinambuzane asidli noma yikuphi ukudla esikhathini sabantu abadala. Isebenzisa izakhi zomzimba eziqoqiwe ngesikhathi sesibungu. Lesi sitatimende sinobufakazi obusobala - lonke uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwalesi sinambuzane ludlondlobele.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Naphezu kokudla okuncane noma ngisho nokuntuleka, ibhungane likabhejane liyindoda enamandla ngempela. Uyakwazi ukuphakamisa isisindo sakhe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-800. Leli khono elimangalisayo lamenza waduma futhi waduma emhlabeni wonke. Ibhungane elinamandla livame ukuvela esembozweni sezincwadi ezahlukahlukene zesayensi nezinye eziphrintiwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isinambuzane sebhejane
Ngaphandle kokusabalala nokuthandwa kwebhungane elinamandla, isimilo nendlela yalo yokuphila ayikakafundwa ngokuningiliziwe ngososayensi. Amaqiniso ayisisekelo ambalwa kuphela aziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ngakho-ke, indawo yemvelo yalezi zinambuzane iyihlathi elibanzi, ihlathi-i-steppe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalungu amaningi omndeni asebenze kahle kwenye indawo - ama-semi-desert, amathafa anamasimu okufakelwa.
Ababhejane be-Rhino baqala ukukhombisa umsebenzi wabo kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi. Zivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu ezipholile. Isikhathi sendiza cishe siyizinyanga ezinhlanu. Ngesikhathi sasemini, lezi zinambuzane zivame ukuchitha endaweni yokukhosela. Imifantu emikhulu ezihlahleni, izimbobo ezimpandeni, imigodi engaphansi komhlaba ingasebenza endimeni yayo. Lapho izilwane ziphumula. Amabhungane ashiya amakhaya awo kusihlwa kuphela.
Isimo sebhungane likabhejane sinokuthula. Lesi sinambuzane asilokothi sihlasele. Ayilumi futhi ayinakulimaza abantu noma ezinye izilwane. Uma kwenzeka kuba nobungozi, obhejane bakhetha ukucasha noma bazenze abafile. Amabhungane azama ukuzingcwaba emhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma lokhu kungenakwenziwa, baziveza ngokwabo ngokushona kwabo: bawa ngokushesha, baqinise imilenze nezimpondo zabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ibhungane lobhejane elivela eRed Book
Obhejane bazala phakathi nenkathi efudumele. Lapho izitholele umbhangqwana ofanelekayo, owesilisa uvundisa owesifazane. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo efanelekayo yokubeka.
Okufanele kakhulu lokhu:
- umquba omdala;
- iziphunzi ezibolile;
- inqwaba kadoti;
- iziqu zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.
Amaqanda asesigabeni sokukhula cishe inyanga eyodwa. Bese ziphenduka isibungu. Isibungu sikhula ngehlobo. Uqala ukudla ngenkuthalo, mkhulu ngokwanele futhi uyisiminzi. Izibungu zidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo, izinsalela zezihlahla ezibolayo. Imvamisa, izibungu zilimaza izitshalo ngokugaya ngohlelo lwazo lwempande. Isigaba sesibungu sithatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili - lesi yisikhathi eside kakhulu empilweni kabhejane. Isikhathi saso sincike ngokuphelele kukhwalithi yokudla, isifunda lapho isilwane sihlala khona.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Obhejane besifazane kababeki amaqanda ngeziqu zezihlahla ze-coniferous noma ezisawolintshi.
Lokhu kulandelwa isikhathi sokufunda. Isiphungumangathi siya ngokuya sifana nebhungane lobhejane abadala. Ekuqaleni umbala ophuzi okhanyayo, bese uthatha umbala onsundu. Ubhungane ubhejane uphila ngenhloso eyodwa yokushiya emuva inzalo entsha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuphila komuntu omdala sifushane - amasonto ambalwa kuphela. Kuyaqabukela ifinyelela inyanga eyodwa.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhungane obhejane
Isithombe: Isinambuzane sebhejane
Izinyoni eziningi ezinkulu zidla amabhungane obhejane. Amagwababa, onogwaja, abagawuli bezinkuni abaphikisani nokuzidla. Obhejane bavame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezincelisayo nezihuquzelayo. Baphinde bahlupheke ngama-amphibian amakhulu. Izitha zemvelo zalesi sinambuzane yizinambuzane zangaphandle. Kuholela ekufeni kancane komuntu omdala. Ibhungane elilodwa elikhulile lingakhungathwa yizimbungu eziningana ze-gamazid.
Izibungu nazo zivame ukuba yizisulu zama-parasites. Zikhulelwe yiminyovu ye-scoliosis. Okokuqala, umnyovu uhlasela lesi sibungu, usishaya ngocingo lwaso olubukhali. Umjovo ukhubaza isibungu. Umnyovu bese ubeka amaqanda. Iscolia esisha sivela eqandeni, esondla isibungu sebhungane ngenkathi sihlala sikhubazekile. Futhi, izibungu zivame ukuba izisulu zezinyoni, ikakhulukazi izigaxa zezinkuni. Abanalo nhlobo ithuba lokucasha, lokuzivikela kumphikisi.
Isitha esinonya kakhulu sebhungane lobhejane ngumuntu. Ngabantu ababhubhisa iningi lesinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu akwenziwa ngamabomu. Isibonelo, lapho usebenzisa umquba ukufaka umquba engadini yemifino noma lapho uhlanza inqwaba kadoti. Kepha kunezimo ezejwayelekile zokucekela phansi ngamabomu ngumuntu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezingqayizivele babamba izimbungulu ezinjalo ngamaqoqo abo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: ibhungane lobhejane wesilisa
Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwenqwaba yezinhlobo zamabhungane obhejane, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo okubanzi emhlabeni, lesi sinambuzane, inani labantu emazweni amaningi liyancipha. Kwamanye amazwe, ubhejane ubhalwe kuRed Book futhi uvikelwe ngumthetho. Lolu hlobo lusindiswa ekuqothulweni kuphela ngokuba khona kwenqwaba yezinhlobo zamabhungane obhejane, isifiso sabo semvelo sokushiya inzalo, nokuzala okuhle.
Ukuqothulwa kancane kodwa okuzinzile kwalo mndeni kungenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuwohloka kwemvelo. Le yinkinga yomhlaba wonke ethinta kabi inani lazo zonke izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinye izilwane. Inkinga yokungcoliswa kwamahlathi ashabalazekile yimfucuza yasekhaya inzima kakhulu;
- Sisiphula izihlahla ezindala. Iziqu zemithi emidala yindawo yokuhlala engokwemvelo, ukudla kwezibungu zikabhejane. Uma izihlahla ezindala zimbalwa, izinambuzane ezinamathuba amancane okushiya izinzalo ngemuva
- Ukoma kwamahlathi, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Lokhu kuholela ekwehliseni izindawo lapho lesi sinambuzane sihlala khona futhi sizale;
- Ukucekela phansi ngamabomu kwabantu. Lokhu kukhathaza inkinga yokubamba izinambuzane ezinhle, ezingavamile zamaqoqo asekhaya. Futhi abanye abantu babulala amabhungane amadala anamandla ukuze bazijabulise.
Ukuvikelwa kwebhungane lobhejane
Isithombe: Ibhuku Elibomvu Lobhejane
Ibhungane likabhejane lifakwe ohlwini lwamabhuku eRed Data Books aseRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, ivikelwe eLipetsk, eLeningrad, e-Astrakhan nakwezinye izindawo eziningi. Futhi, lesi sinambuzane sivikelwe ngumthetho eSlovakia, ePoland, eCzech Republic, eMoldova.
Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwenombolo yezinambuzane kwenzeka hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokuqedwa kwamahlathi okukhulu. Iningi lamabhungane obhejane abulawa yimithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziselwa ezolimo kanye namahlathi. Izibungu eziningi ziyafa lapho umquba uthelwa emasimini, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali ayingozi, kusukela ekwehlisweni kwenani lamasimu asepulazini.
Ukumisa ukufa kwebhungane lobhejane, abantu kudingeka babuyekeze ngokufanele inqubo yezolimo kanye namahlathi, bamise ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu futhi baqale ukuhlela amasimu amasha. Umbuso ubophekile ukuvikela izindawo zemvelo zalezi zilwane, ukudala izimo ezidingekayo empilweni yazo kanye nokuzala ngempumelelo. Emazweni nasezifundeni lapho amabhungane obhejane efakwe ohlwini kumaRed Data Books, izinyathelo ezinjalo sezithathiwe ngokwengxenye noma ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, muva nje, lesi sinambuzane asifakwanga eRed Data Books yezinye izifunda zaseRussia. Lo mkhuba uyakhuthaza.
Ibhungane lobhejane Isinambuzane esinamandla, esihle, kodwa esifushane. Umuntu omdala uphila amasonto ambalwa nje. Leli bhungane lingabizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lomndeni wama-lamellar. Inani lalo labantu lincipha kancane futhi lidinga isenzo esisheshayo kwezinye izifundazwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.09.2019 ngo-16: 48
