Ipanda elincane elibomvu - isimangaliso sangempela semvelo. Muhle kakhulu futhi uyathandeka kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukususa amehlo akho kulesi silwane. Le ntelezi iyisilwane esidla ezinye, yize ngokuyinhloko idla inyama. Ngenxa yengubo yayo egqamile yoboya be-chic, umlingiswa we-perky nokubukeka okumangazayo, ingabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi yi-coquette, uma usuyibona, awukwazi ukuhlala ungenandaba.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ipanda elibomvu elincane
AmaShayina ayazi ngobukhona balesi silwane emuva ngekhulu le-13 futhi bakubiza ngokuthi impungushe evuthayo. EYurophu, bahlangana nepanda elincane kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Isazi esingumNgisi nesazi semvelo uThomas Hardwicke wathola lolu hlobo olumangalisayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba athole isikhathi sokubhala leli qiniso, wadlulwa ngumFulentshi uCuvier, owanika lesi silwane igama elithi Ailurus fulgens, elihumusha lisuselwa olimini lwesiLatini ngokuthi "ikati elikhanyayo".
UHardwicke wayengajabule neze, kepha njengoba isisho sithi, "Noma ngubani owenzile wakudla." Ngakho-ke, umFulentshi waba ngumtholi wesilwane, yize lokhu kungalungile. Akhona amanye amagama alesi silwane esidlayo; sibizwa nangokuthi ibhere lekati. Igama le-panda lanamathela kuye, sibonga abaseNepal, ababembiza ngokuthi "punya".
Ividiyo: Panda Red Panda
Ngokwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaziya, izazi ze-paleontologists zithole ukuthi ama-panda amancane futhi amakhulu anezihlobo ezikude kakhulu zomndeni. Ungasho nokuthi bahlanganiswe igama kuphela. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukhokho wabo ovamile wayehlala eMhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka eyedlule futhi wayehlala e-Eurasia, futhi izinsalela zamathambo wepanda elincane zatholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezisuka empumalanga yeChina ziye eziqhingini zaseBrithani. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bengabaza ukuthi imuphi umndeni ongafaka i-panda encane ebomvu.
Bazame ukuthi ipanda:
- kuya ku-bearish;
- kuma-raccoon;
- shiya njengomndeni ohlukile.
Kokubili imikhuba nokubukeka kwalesi silwane kwaholela ezingxabanweni nasekungavumelaneni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ipanda elibomvu lihamba njengebhere, lizulazula kancane. Naye, njengezinyawo, uhlala ngemilenze yangemuva, futhi unomyalo omuhle kakhulu wemilenze yangaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubukeka kwalesi silwane kufana kakhulu ne-raccoon enemigqa. Banamathambo afanayo kugebhezi lwabo, emhlathini nasemsileni, yize ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kusikisela ubudlelwano namabhere.
Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwakho konke ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo, kwathathwa isinqumo sokufaka ipanda elincane emndenini ohlukile, ohlukaniswe nama-raccoon, yize izazi eziningi zezilwane ziphikelela ngokuthi ipanda elibomvu lingelama-raccoon ngqo. Ipanda elibomvu elibomvu ngelezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama ezivela emndenini wepanda, okungaphansi kwe-psiform.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-pandas amancane:
- I-Lesser panda Stayana, ehlala enyakatho yeMyanmar naseningizimu yeChina;
- ipanda elincane entshonalanga, elihlala eHimalaya (Nepal neBhutan).
Lawa ma-subspecies amabili ahluke kancane ngombala nosayizi (owokuqala umnyama kancane futhi mkhulu), noma lo mehluko ngombala ungeke ubizwe ngokuthi ubalulekile, ngoba phakathi kwama-subspecies afanayo, umbala wama-pandas amancane angahluka kancane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane esincane se-panda ebomvu
Ukubukeka kwepanda elincane elibomvu kuyathandeka kakhulu kangangokuba ufuna ukulithanda kaninginingi. Ubukhulu bayo buqhathaniswa nobekati elondleke kahle kakhulu le-manul. Ipanda elincane linesisindo esisuka ku-4 kuye ku-6 kg, ubude bomzimba buyahluka kusuka kuhhafu wemitha kuye ku-64 cm, kungabalwa umsila omuhle, ocishe ulingane nobukhulu bomzimba futhi ufinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Kubukeka kungenakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwakho: owesifazane noma owesilisa, bayefana. Umzimba wepanda omncane uvuleke kancane, njengalowo womndeni weasel.
Ikhanda likhulu, libanzi ngomlomo ocijile. Izindlebe zepanda zifana nezekati. Amehlo epanda mancane futhi amnyama. Umsila onothile ohlotshisiwe uhlotshiswe ngemivimbo eguqukayo yethoni elula, intshakaza yomsila imnyama.
Izidladla ze "fire fox" ziyisidudla, zimfishane, zinamandla ngezinzipho ezibukhali nezifana nezingwegwe ezisiza ukunqoba ngobunono noma iziphi izihlahla. Isisekelo sezinyawo ngoboya, okulula kakhulu lapho uhamba ezintabeni zeqhwa neqhwa. Ngaphezu kweminwe emihlanu ejwayelekile, owesithupha utholakala esidladleni ngaphezulu, kuyasiza ukubamba amagatsha oqalo.
Ungaba nomona ngejazi loboya be-panda ebomvu nombala wayo, muhle kakhulu ukuthi awukwazi ukususa amehlo akho! Ijazi lesilwane lithambile kakhulu, lisilika, liwugqinsi futhi lide kakhulu, ngakho-ke isibalo sibukeka sikhulu. Umbala wezilwane awujwayeleki kakhulu: ingemuva linombala obomvu kashokholethi noma obomvu. Isisu sinsundu ngemithambo ebomvu ngokubomvu noma simnyama bhuqe. Imikhawulo yezinwele ezingemuva iphuzi, izidladla zepanda ziyathambile, zimnyama, zikhanya ngokukhazimulayo.
Isifonyo nezindlebe kugqama ngokungafani ekhanda elibomvu, ngenxa yombala omhlophe. Eduze kwamehlo kukhona okufana nesifihla-buso, njenge-raccoon. Iphuzu lekhala le-panda limnyama. Umsila wepanda omncane nawo ubomvu ngamasongo ayishumi nambili ombala okhanyayo.
Kungabonakala, kungani isilwane sidinga umbala ogqamile futhi odonsa iso? Impendulo ilula - imayelana nendawo lapho kuhlala khona isilwane. Isikhathi esiningi, ipanda elibomvu lisezihlahleni, zimbozwe ngazo zonke izinhlobo zobulembu nomsizi wombala obomvu, ngakho-ke endaweni enjalo umbala wepanda awubonakali uvusa inkanuko, kepha, kunalokho, uyamsiza ukuthi azifihle kahle.
Ihlala kuphi ipanda elibomvu?
Isithombe: Ipanda elibomvu elincane eqhweni
Indawo yokuhlala kwepanda elincane ilinganiselwe futhi ayinabanzi nhlobo. Bahlala ezifundazweni zaseChina ezinjengeYunnan neSichuan, iMyanmar, iBhutan neNepal, futhi bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Indawo yokuzalwa kwepanda elincane iseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Himalaya, lapho izilwane zinqoba khona izindawo eziphakeme ezifika ku-4 km.
Indawo yokuhlala yokhokho be-panda yayibanzi kakhulu; izinsalela zasendulo zitholakala zombili empumalanga yeYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi indawo yokuhlala kwama-pandas amancane yehlile ngenxa yezinguquko ezimweni zezulu ezijwayele izilwane. Baziwa ngokuthanda amazinga okushisa alingene - kusuka kuma-10 kuye kuma-25 degrees ngaphezu kuka-zero.
ILowerer Red Panda ithokozela amahlathi ahlangene futhi ahlanganisiwe. Ama-firs, ama-oki, ama-chestnut namamephu yimithi ejwayelekile ekhula ezindaweni zezilwane. Izitshalo eziqothulayo zivikela isigaba esiphansi, esiqukethe ukukhula koqalo, iPanda elibomvu elithanda kakhulu. Umswakama emahlathini anjalo ushubile impela, ngakho ubulembu nobulembu buzwa kahle, buhlanganisa izihlahla nenhlabathi enamadwala.
Emahlathini anjalo, ipanda lifihliwe ngokuphelele, ngoba lobu buthi nobulembu bunombala obomvu ukufanisa ijazi lakhe loboya. Amalahle atholakala ezihlahleni asebenza njengesiphephelo nekhaya lama-pandas. Ubuningi bokuhlala kwezilwane buncane kakhulu. Endaweni engu-2.4 sq. km, ungathola umuntu oyedwa kuphela wepanda elibomvu, kwesinye isikhathi kubi kakhulu - isilwane esisodwa nge-11 sq. km.
Idlani ipanda elibomvu?
Isithombe: Isilwane esincane se-panda ebomvu
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani ipanda elibomvu libhekwa njengesilwane esidlayo uma, ikakhulukazi, lidla ukudla kwezitshalo? Impendulo ilele phezulu. Izidliwayo zibhekwa njengalezo hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokudla kwazo, kepha ngenxa yakho konke ukujwayela abanakho kokudla kanye nokondla ukudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: ukuba khona kwamazinyo angama-38, ithumbu elifushane, isisu esilula. Uhlelo olunjalo lokugaya ukudla lutholakala ezilwaneni ezidlayo, kufaka phakathi ipanda elibomvu.
Iningi lokudla kwesilwane kunamaqabunga oqalo namahlumela amancane, amaphesenti ayisihlanu kuphela ejwayelekile esezingeni lazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo, imifino, amajikijolo, amaqanda ezinyoni namagundane amancane. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ipanda lithola imikhuba yokudla eduze nobusika, lapho lishintshela ekudleni kwezilwane, libamba amagundane amancane futhi lifune izinambuzane.
Ngenkathi efudumele, uqalo luyisibiliboco osithandayo. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephansi kumbozwe imiqulu emikhulu, efinyelela kuma-4 kg ngosuku - lawa amahlumela kuphela, kufanelekile ukwengeza elinye ikhilogremu lamaqabunga kubo.
Ngakho-ke, imenyu enkulu yepanda encane ifaka:
- amahlumela ama-bamboo namaqabunga;
- utshani obusha nobulembu;
- zonke izinhlobo zezithelo nezimpande;
- ama-acorn namajikijolo;
- amakhowe.
Ama-molars we-panda encane anama-tubercles amancane, asiza ukubhekana namahlumela ezitshalo eziqinile ngokuwagaya kahle. Kuvele kube mnandi kakhulu ukuthi ama-panda amancane athanjisiwe awayidli nhlobo inyama, ayenqaba ngaphandle kwemvume. Ngisho nezinkukhu eziphilayo zibulawa nje yizilwane ezidlayo (futhi noma kunjalo hhayi njalo), kepha azidliwa. Kungabonakala kuhlekisa ukuthi i-panda ebomvu eboshiwe ithanda iphalishi lelayisi elinoshukela eliphekwe obisini.
Lapho izilwane zintula ukudla, umsebenzi wazo uyancipha kakhulu, okubathinta kabi. Ukwehlisa lo mthelela omubi, "izimpungushe zomlilo" zifunde ukulawula umzimba ngokwazo, zishintshela kwimodi yokonga amandla uma kunesidingo (imvamisa ebusika). Bangazigoqa ngebhola eliqinile, elifana nebhola elikhulu loboya.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ipanda elibomvu elincane
Ipanda elincane elibomvu lihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, eyimfihlo, lapho umsebenzi ubonakaliswa khona kuphela kusihlwa, kuthi phakathi nosuku isilwane silale emgodini waso noma esihlahleni nje. Ama-pandas amancane angama-sleepyheads wangempela alala okungenani amahora ayi-11 nsuku zonke. Esikhathini esipholile, izilwane zigobeka zibe yibhola, zimboze ikhanda lazo ngomsila oshibilikayo, njengengubo yokulala.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ama-panda alala ehlezi, futhi ikhanda lawo lihlala esifubeni sabo, kulesi sikhundla ama-raccoon ajwayele ukuphumula. Ngenkathi eshisayo, ipanda lizelula egatsheni, bese lilenga imilenze yalo phansi. Lapho zivuka, izilwane zizelula kahle futhi, njengamakati, ziqala ukuzigeza ngolimi nangezidladla. Lapho-ke emuva nesisu kuyaklwebheka ngokuzihlikihla esiqwini somuthi. Ipanda liphinda zonke lezi zinqubo ngemuva kokudla.
Uma phakathi kwezihlahla ipanda lilawula umzimba walo ngobuciko futhi lihamba ngokushesha nangomusa, khona-ke phansi kubukeka kukubi futhi kungavikeleki. Ipanda likhuphuka lisuka egatsheni liye egatsheni ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokungabaza, umsila omkhulu usebenza ukulinganisa. Uma kunosongo, ipanda lifuna ukucasha esihlokweni sezihlahla. Noma kunjalo, yena ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele anyathele phansi ayofuna ukudla, akuthatha ngokuthakazelisa ngezidladla zakhe zangaphambili akuthumele ngqo emlonyeni wakhe.
Angadla ehleli, elele futhi emile. Lapho usongelwa, ungezwa uhlobo lokuzikhukhumeza, kwesinye isikhathi ukushaya amakhwela, okukhiqizwa yipanda. Njengekati, ugoba i-arc yakhe ukwethusa isitha. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyisilwane esinokuthula, esingadli, ngakho-ke kulula ukusithambisa. Lapho kungekho ngozi ebonakala emkhathizwe, ipanda lingakhala njengelinyoni, likhale kakhulu.
Ama-pandas amancane akhetha ukuhlala ngedwa eliphelele, ahlangana kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Kwabesifazane, indawo yokuhlala ifinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayi-2,5. km, kwabesilisa - kufika ku-5 sq. km. Imingcele yendawo ngayinye imakwe ngamakha wephunga ashiya izidladla zesilwane nezindlala zangasese. Imfucumfucu nomchamo nakho kusebenza njengezimpawu lapho ama-pandas, ngaphandle kokubonana, angaqonda ubudala, ubulili, nesimo somzimba womakhelwane wabo.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-panda amancane ahlala wodwa (ngakunye ngasikhathi), aseyinkinga kakhulu futhi ayadlala, anokuthokoza. Lokhu kungabonakala emidlalweni edlalwa amawundlu asekhulile. Bacibilikisa imisila yabo ngendlela ethokozisayo, bavuke ngemilenze yabo yangemuva, bahlasele umphikisi ngokuhlekisa, bamlume kancane, kepha ngaphandle kokuletha ubuhlungu nokungaphatheki kahle.
Isithombe esifanayo singabonwa phakathi kwezilwane ezindala ezigcinwe ndawonye ekuthunjweni. I-panda ebomvu ethambile ayiyesabi indoda, futhi iyamphulula ngenkuthalo, embandakanya emdlalweni wakhe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-panda ebomvu encane encane
Ama-pandas amancane athathwa njengokuvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka yobudala ecishe ibe unyaka nohhafu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana salezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo siqala ngoJanuwari. Lesi sikhathi sihambisana nokudlala ngothando nokuthandana okujabulisayo. Abesilisa bashiya amamaki kuyo yonke indawo, futhi abesifazane bakhombisa ukuthi bakulungele ukuvundiswa.
Isigaba esisebenzayo kwabesifazane sithatha usuku kuphela, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane azinaso nhlobo isikhathi sokuqomisana isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ipanda linamahloni kakhulu futhi alixhumani, ngesikhathi sokukhwela uzizwa emuhle ngokuhlangana nesoka lakhe. Imvamisa, ngalesi sikhathi, ama-pandas enza zonke izinhlobo zemisindo eheha abantu bobulili obuhlukile: bashaya ikhwela, batshiyoze, bahhewule, bagoqe imihlane yabo ngokuthakazelisayo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku eziyi-114 kuye kwezingu-145, kepha imibungu ayiqali ukukhula ngokushesha iqhubeke izinsuku ezingama-50. Omama besikhathi esizayo ngokwabo baqala ukulungiselela ukubonakala kwenzalo, owesilisa uhamba ngokushesha ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana. Abesifazane bafuna umgodi ofanele, bawufaka ngamahlamvu, amagatsha notshani. Imvamisa, kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 kuzalwa izingane, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100, aziboni lutho futhi azikwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele. Uboya bezingane bumpunga okhanyayo.
Intsha inesikhathi sokukhula kancane kancane. Ngosuku lwama-21 kuphela lapho bebona khona ukubona kwabo, futhi lapho beneminyaka emithathu yezinyanga bashiya ikhaya labo okokuqala ngqa, benze ukuvakasha ebusuku. Umama panda uhlala ebakhotha, ngaleyo ndlela abeke amamaki akhe kubo. Isonto lokuqala lokuphila kwakhe akabashiyi, bese eya ukuyofuna ukudla, eza kuphela ngesikhathi sokondla izingane. Ipanda elibomvu liphatha abantwana ngobisi izinyanga ezingafika kwezinhlanu, bese liqala ukubancelisa kulokhu.
Amantshontsho athanda kakhulu umama wawo, futhi awamazi nhlobo ubaba wawo. Bahlala nonina kuze kube unyaka owodwa ubudala, bese bemshiya, bese eqala ukulungiselela ukukhwelwa okulandelayo, acasuke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Lapho inonyaka owodwa ubudala, ama-pandas amancane awadluli ngosayizi kubantu abadala, futhi ayavuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi (asondele onyakeni owodwa nohhafu nangemva kwalokho).
Izitha zemvelo zama-panda amancane abomvu
Isithombe: Ipanda elibomvu elincane
Ezimweni zemvelo, ipanda elincane elibomvu alinazo izitha eziningi kangaka. Akulula ukuyibamba, futhi isilwane asivamile. Ipanda elibomvu kufanele liqaphele izingwe zeqhwa (irbis) nezimpisi ezibomvu. IMartens nayo ingadala ingozi. Amathuba okuhlaselwa minyaka yonke ancishiswa abe mancane ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo samapanda amancane nengwe yeqhwa.
Ipanda iphunyuka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezinkulu ezihlahleni, ekhuphuka nge-dexterity engavamile ngosizo lwezinzipho ezigobile. Uma ingasebenzanga ngokushesha, emhlabathini ipanda liphakama liye phezulu ngokugcwele emilenzeni yalo yangemuva, noma ligobeke ku-arc ukwethusa isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhipha iphunga elithile le-musky. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi engozini enkulu, ipanda yenza ukubabaza okukhipha inhliziyo, yize lokhu kungakasekelwa ngokuqinisekile.
Umthombo oyinhloko wengozi yama-panda abomvu yindoda eqeda amahlathi futhi ibandakanyeke ekuzingeleni ngokungemthetho, ichithe inani labantu elivele lincane lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Incwadi ebomvu ebomvu encane
Ipanda elincane elibomvu libhalwe ku-International Red Book, inani labantu lisengozini. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-18, icishe yaba uhhafu, okubuhlungu kakhulu. Ososayensi babikezela ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwenani lalezi zilwane.
Ukuthambekela okunjalo okudumazayo akwenzeki nje kuphela ngenxa yokuthi azalwa kakhulu amawundlu epanda (imvamisa eyodwa, kuyaqabukela amabili, kuyaqabukela amathathu noma amane), kodwa futhi nangenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi ngesihluku nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni. ENdiya, ukuzingela lezi zilwane ezingandile akuvunyelwe nakancane. E-China, izigqoko nezinye izingubo kuthungwe eboyeni obutofotofo be-panda encane. Ngisho nenyama yepanda iyadliwa, inciphise iphunga layo elithile.
Ukongiwa kwama-panda amancane abomvu
Isithombe: Ipanda elibomvu elincane elivela eRed Book
Emakhaya acebile, ipanda elibomvu lizalwa njengesilwane esifuywayo esithengwa kubazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Ngeshwa, ukugcina isilwane esinjalo kunzima kakhulu, kudinga ukudla okukhethekile, ngakho-ke imvamisa ipanda elibomvu lifa ekhaya.
Isikhathi esiduduzayo esimweni esidabukisa kangako ukuthi ipanda elibomvu liyazijwayeza ngokuphelele impilo yezilwane, lapho lizala khona ngenkuthalo. Ngokweminye imibiko, cishe ama-panda abomvu angama-350 ahlala ezinkulisa nasezizweni ezahlukahlukene, futhi kwazalwa inani elifanayo. Abantu kufanele bacabange ngemisebenzi yabo eyingozi ezilwaneni bese beqala ukuvuselela inani lalezi zidalwa ezithandekayo.
Ubuhle obumangalisayo ipanda elibomvu uzuze izinhliziyo eziningi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, ngenxa yokubukeka kwakhe okungavamile nokukhangayo ngokweqile, okusenza sithinte futhi simomotheka. Kufanele sazi ukuthi lokhu akuyona ithoyizi nhlobo, futhi sidinga ukuphatha isilwane ngenhlonipho nangokucophelela ukuze sizizwe siphephile, futhi amanani aso aqala ukwanda hhayi ekuthunjweni kuphela, kodwa nasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-12: 04
