Isilwane esidla inyama, i-ermine, sesibe uhlobo lophawu lwamandla enkosi: akukho nokukodwa okuphuma emkhosini kwamakhosi aseYurophu okuphelele ngaphandle kwengubo ehlanganiswe noboya obuthambile obumhlophe njengeqhwa obulenga imisila emnyama.
Incazelo ye-ermine
Ifana kakhulu ne-weasel (isihlobo esiseduze somndeni we-weasel), kepha iyayidlula ngosayizi, ikhule ibe ngu-32 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-200-250 g. I-ermine yesifazane icishe ibe uhhafu wosayizi.
Izazi zebhayoloji zihlukanisa ama-subspecies angama-26, ahlukile ngosayizi, kanye nombala woboya basehlobo nekhwalithi yasebusika.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba we-ermine ohlangene ophakeme uhlangana kahle entanyeni ende, eqinile futhi uphela ngekhanda elicocekile elinezindlebe ezibanziwe kanye nesifonyo esicijile.
Umsila mkhulu kunowe-weasel (cishe u-1/3 wobude bomzimba), kodwa umncane futhi ubuye uphele ngebhulashi elimnyama elimnyama, ngaphandle kwenkathi.
Ama-paws amafushane ngentambo yokubhukuda engakhuli kahle phakathi kwezinzwane. Ngaphansi kwezinyawo kugcwele kakhulu lapho ama-callus angenakugwenywa afihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi koboya basebusika.
Izilwane zithola umbala omhlophe okhazimulayo ebusika. Ngesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukwakheka kwejazi nakho kuyashintsha, okuba okulingeneyo, okujiyile nokusansilika okumnandi. Umbala wasebusika ubonwa ezifundeni lapho ikhava yeqhwa iqhubeka khona okungenani izinsuku ezingama-40 ngonyaka.
Ehlobo, ama-ermine aphenduka abe utwayi olunesisu esimhlophe ngokuphuzi nomhlane obomvu nsundu ngokubomvu.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-ermine iyisizungu esinenkani, esihlala indawo eyodwa yokuhlala eyi-10-20 hectares, imaka imingcele ngokufihla indunu. Iziza zabesilisa nabesifazane ziyagqagqana, noma kunjalo, ophathina batholakala kuphela ngesikhathi se-rut.
Kuyathakazelisa! Indlela yokuphila ecashile ichazwa ukuguquguquka kwesilwane esidlayo - unesibindi, unqumayo, uyashesha, akaqinile ngosayizi, unamandla kakhulu futhi uyaselula, unxanele igazi futhi unolaka.
I-ermine igijima ngejubane, ikhuphuka ezihlahleni, ibhukuda futhi icwile kahle, futhi ibheke kahle ngaphansi kweqhwa, amatshe kanye nezinqwaba zezihlahla. Ukuphela kwento angakwazi ukuyenza ukundiza.
Umzingeli uvukile ebusuku, hhayi kancane emini. IBurrow ayimbi, ihlala ezindlini zamagundane abulawe yiyo noma umgodi (ekugcineni ifihle kusikhukhula). Emakhazeni, isebenzisa izindawo zokukhosela ezingahleliwe (ngaphansi kwamatshe, izingodo, ezimpandeni zezihlahla, ama-haystacks namanxiwa).
Eminyakeni elambile ifuduka amabanga amade... Ekuzingeleni kwehlobo kuhlanganisa kuze kufike ku-15 km ngosuku, ebusika - cishe abathathu. Imvamisa igxumela eqhweni, izisunduzele ngemilenze yayo yangemuva bese indiza ize ifike kwengxenye yemitha.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, unikeza izwi - izinyonga, izinyonga, ukuhhewula noma ukukhonkotha. I-ermine eqhutshelwa ekugcineni ingakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Le nkomba yehluka kakhulu: ukuqala kumaka weminyaka engu-1-2 nokusondela eminyakeni engu-7 ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi ezithandekayo.
Ngenqwaba yemithombo yokudla, inani kanye nokuzala kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kuyanda, kepha ukwehla okukhulu kwamagundane, kunalokho, kuyehla.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Lezi zilwane ezinamahloni zagcwalisa cishe lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia, lafinyelela engxenyeni yalo yase-Asia laya ezingwadule zase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afghanistan, eMongolia, e-Iran, eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho neJapan.
Bahlala futhi eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi, eziqhingini zaseCanada Arctic Archipelago, eCanada, enyakatho ye-United States (ngaphandle kwamaGceke amakhulu) naseGreenland.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-ermine yethulwe ngempumelelo eNew Zealand, ngethemba lokuthi izolawula inani lonogwaja. Umzingeli washeshe wanda futhi esikhundleni senzuzo waqala ukwenza okubi, wonakalisa imvuthuluka yezinyoni zasendaweni (kiwi) futhi wabhubhisa amatshwele.
Ensimini ye-CIS yangaphambili, ayitholakali kuphela ezingwadule ezishisayo zase-Asia Ephakathi naseziqhingini ezinzima zase-Arctic.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuhlala kungenxa yenani lamagundane amancane, ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-ermine. Imvamisa ihlala eduze kwamanzi - emahlathini emithi nasezihlahleni, osebeni lwemifudlana, amachibi nemifula, emadlelweni asogwini.
Alingene ekujuleni kwehlathi, lincamela emaphethelweni noma ekuhlanzeni okweqile / ezindaweni ezishile, kepha kungazithandi izindawo ezivulekile. Ehlathini kaningi linamathela kuma-alders asetshenziswayo nakumahlathi esihlahla sonwele, lihlala kalula emiqeleni / ezihosheni nasemaphoyiseni.
Umakhelwane nomuntu akesabi, uhlala emaphethelweni edolobha, emapaki amahlathi, emasimini nasezivandeni.
Ukudla kwesitofu
Isitsha esikhulu kumenyu ngamagundane anjengegundane (amakhulu kunalawo weasel asebenzisa ama-voles). Kunzima ukuthi i-ermine ingene emgodini wegundane elincane ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okuqinile (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-weasel). Ngendlela, yingakho ukuzingelwa kwemisele kulungele abesifazane abancane be-ermine.
Abesilisa bavame ukulandela amagundane amakhulu njengama-hamsters, ama-voles wamanzi, ama-haystacks, ama-chipmunks nama-lemmings, abathola ngaphansi kweqhwa nasemigodini.
Izinto ezingabalulekile kangako zokuzingela i-ermine yilezi:
- izinyoni (kufaka phakathi i-ptarmigan, i-wood grouse, i-hazel grouse) namaqanda ayo;
- izibhamu;
- izinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni;
- izibankwa nezinyoka;
- izinambuzane;
- onogwaja / amahares.
Ibulala isisulu, njenge-weasel, ilume ngemuva kwekhanda. Ilandela amagundane ngephunga, inhlanzi ngokubona, izinambuzane ngomsindo.
Eminyakeni yendlala, akabukeli phansi udoti futhi weba inhlanzi nenyama elungiselelwe ubusika kubantu. Ukugcwala kwamagundane kufiphalisa ingqondo yomzingeli: iqala ukuwabulala ngokugcinwa, kumanani angakwazi ukugaya.
Izitha zemvelo
U-Ivan Sergeevich Sokolov-Mikitov utshele ngezitha ezimbalwa ezingajwayelekile ze-ermine endabeni yakhe emfushane.
Umbhali ubiza ama-ermine ngokungenangqondo, ekhuluma ngokuthi babhukuda ngokudabukisa kangakanani bewela i-Lake Taimyr ebanzi phambi kwamehlo akhe. Kuyiqiniso, isibindi sabo sasivame ukuphela ukwehluleka - ababhukudi bagwinywa amalwandle amakhulu, ngaphandle afana ne-salmon. Ngokusho kombhali, lokhu kuvezwe ngesikhathi kuvulwa amalokishi, esiswini sawo lapho bekuvame khona ukuthi kube khona ama-ermine aginyiwe.
U-Sokolov-Mikitov uphinde waphawula ukuthi ama-ermines cishe njalo avika izinja eziboshwe ngesihlibhi.... Abanye abafisa okubi bezitulo:
- izimpungushe (ezibomvu nezimpunga);
- inyoni;
- Imbila yaseMelika;
- ama-martens, kufaka phakathi ama-pecans;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo
- amakati ezifuywayo.
Kulabo abesaba izindawo eziphakeme, i-ermine iyaphunyuka ezihlahleni, ihlale ngaphandle kuze kube yilapho lowo oyilandelayo ebaleka.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-ermine amaningi abulawa yi-Skrjabingylus nasicola (i-nematode ye-parasitic), engena ezonweni zangaphambili zesilwane. Abathwali be-nematode babizwa ngama-shrews.
Ukuzala nenzalo
U-ermine yisithembu esivamile esiqala imidlalo yokukhwelana kanye ngonyaka futhi sihlale sisebenza izinyanga ezi-4 (kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni). Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesilisa kwenzeka ngezinyanga eziyi-11-14, kwabesifazane - sekunezinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane abasebasha (abaneminyaka engama-60-70 izinsuku) bakulungele impela ukubeletha: bahlanganiswa ngenkuthalo ngabalingani abadala, emva kwalokho ukukhulelwa okugcwele kwenzeka. Ngokusho kososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, ukuzala kwasekuqaleni okunjalo kunikela ekusindeni kwalezi zinhlobo.
Ukuzala kubonakala ngesigaba eside (izinyanga eziyi-8-9), lapho imibungu ingakhuli kuze kube nguMashi. Umama okhulelwe ufaka imbobo yezingane ngoboya / izikhumba zamagundane abulewe, kwesinye isikhathi ehluza ingaphakathi ngotshani obomile.
Izingane (kusuka ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-18 izingcezu) zizalwa, njengomthetho, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi wonyaka olandelayo... Udoti omaphakathi unamawundlu angama-4-9, okuzobhekanwa nawo kuphela kowesifazane obelethayo.
Imidlwane esanda kuzalwa enemisele evalekile evaliwe inesisindo esincane (3-4 g) futhi ikhombisa ukuphakama okuhambisanayo - kusuka ku-3.2 kuye ku-5.1 cm. Imbozwe ngomhlophe ongavamile phansi, oyimpumputhe futhi ongenamazinyo ngokuphelele. Amehlo avulwa hhayi ngaphambi kosuku lwama-30 (kwesinye isikhathi ngomhla ka-41), bese kuthi ngezinyanga ezingama-2-3 athole ubungako babazali bawo, enze ucwaningo oluzimele lokudla ekupheleni kukaJuni / ngoJulayi.
Ukugcina i-ermine ekhaya
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde: i-ermine ikude ne-ferret, futhi izothamba esimweni esisodwa - uma ithathwa kumama esewusana futhi iphakelwa ngebhodlela ngesandla sayo (ngumnikazi). Isilwane esinjalo kuphela esikhombisa uthando lwaso ngokuhambahamba nomsindisi nokuhlala ezingalweni noma ephaketheni lakhe.
Imidlwane etholwe ngezinye izindlela ayisoze yaba nethambo! Usengabamba i-ermine encane ezandleni zakho, kepha umuntu omdala uzohlala ethola indlela yokuphambuka (kuhle uma engalumi futhi aklwebhe).
Isilwane sasekhaya sizosungula imithetho yaso, ngokungafani ne-hamster, engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesigqi somuntu. I-ermine iyi-sociopath futhi iyathanda ukuzula ebusuku, ngakho-ke lungela ukungalali naye.
Umzingeli ugcinwa esibayeni, ededelwa ejele amahora ama-2-3 ngaphansi kweso elibukhali. Incane kakhulu futhi iyingcweti kangangokuthi ingashelela kunoma yimuphi umnyango ovuleke kancane noma islot. Uzokubalekela uma ukhohlwa ukuvala amawindi, uvulandi noma umnyango wangaphambili.
Ukukhethwa kweseli, ukugcwaliswa
Lapho uthatha isinqumo ngendlu ye-ermine, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke izidingo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ikheji kufanele libanzi futhi ngasikhathi sinye liqiniswe ngocingo ngamaseli amancane (enzelwe amagundane).
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, kumaseli enziwe ngomumo, le mingcele emibili ayijwayele ukuhlanganiswa. Kunamakheji amaningi egundane emakethe, kodwa wonke mancane kakhulu ukuthi i-ermine ihambe ngokukhululeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ububanzi bekhanda lalo bungaphansi kobuka-ferret, futhi ikheji elijwayelekile le-Guinea pig, unogwaja noma i-ferret ngeke livumelane nesilwane sakho. Lapho uzolibala nje ngenxa yelukuluku imizuzu emihlanu aze ayihlole.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-rhombic mesh yensimbi njengesithiyo, ngoba isilwane sizophula uzipho lwaso.
Setha esitokisini:
- ukuphuza isitsha ngamanzi;
- i-hemp kanye ne-driftwood;
- ama-cornices namashalofu;
- ugqoko (kungaba ikati) eligcwele sawdust.
Futhi, ikheji kufanele libe nesikhala esanele sebhokisi lokuphumula.... Qiniseka ukuthi uhlomisa ikheji ngesikhiya esivikelekile: i-ermine ihlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuvula idivayisi elula. Futhi uma ukuhlehla kuphuma, cishe ngeke umbambe. I-ermine ayiboshelwe ensimini futhi izozama ukuphuma endlini.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Isilwane sihlanzekile ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke siqeda isidingo endaweni ebekelwe lokhu. Abanye abanikazi bathi ithreyi ingakhishwa ehokweni: i-ermine izongena kuyo ngenkathi izungeza igumbi.
Abantu abanomuzwa obukhali wokuhogela akunakwenzeka ukuthi babekezelele iphunga elinyanyekayo elikhishwe yisilwane (esingeqinile kangako kunaleso se-ferret). Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthena.
Ikheji kufanele lihlanzwe njalo, likhululwe kumfucumfucu wokudla nakweminye imikhiqizo kadoti. Uma ungagqoki amagilavu, isiboshwa sizokuluma isandla futhi sikulume ngokuphawulekayo.
Okubalulekile! Uma i-ermine yakho ingafuywanga ngokwanele ukuyivumela ukuthi ihambe ifulethi, kuzofanele uhlanze ngokushesha okukhulu, ubambe umnyango ukukuvimba ukuthi ingaphunyuki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kabili ngonyaka kufanele ugcine isigqi semvelo somzingeli ngokuqala inqubo ye-molting: ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphazamiseka kwamahomoni kuzoqala emzimbeni wayo. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, izinga lokushisa egumbini lehla, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kufinyezwa amahora emini. Ngehlobo, umbuso uyashintshwa futhi.
Ukudla ekhaya
Khohlwa iseluleko se-amateurish ekondleni i-ermine pellets yezimboni ye-ferrets: lezi zilwane zinezidingo zamandla ezihlukene nobukhulu obungalingani.
Uma ungafuni ukonakalisa isisu se-ermine, futhi ngenxa yalokho, imetabolism, hlanganisa ukudla kwemvelo (kwesinye isikhathi bukhoma). Okufanelekile, kufanele ube ne-aquarium enamagundane angemuva.... Ekuthunjweni, umhlaseli udla ama-voles 2-3 noma u-50-75 g wenyama.
Izingxenye ezinhle zokudla:
- amagundane;
- amatshwele emini;
- amaxoxo;
- inkukhu eluhlaza nokuningi.
Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lenyama edliwe nsuku zonke lilingana (futhi nangaphezulu) isigamu sesisindo sesitofu uqobo. Kanye ngesonto, udinga ukuhlela usuku lokuzila.
Ukuthenga i-ermine
I-Inthanethi igcwele izikhangiso ezivela kulabo abafuna ukuthola i-ermine, kodwa cishe akukho okunikezwayo okuphikisayo. Ama-Weasel nama-ferrets - njengoba uthanda, kepha ama-ermines cishe awathengiswa.
Labo abazimisele ngokuthenga i-ermine kuzofanele baphendukele kubazingeli noma emapulazini oboya, lapho kugcinwa khona abamele izilwane zasendle ngokuphelele.
Ibekwe ekhejini lasekhaya futhi ayikhethi ubudlelwano bayo ngokuphelele, umhlaseli uhlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu, ehambisana nokuquleka kokudlikizela, nakho okuholela ekufeni kwayo.
Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuthenga okungenankinga, zibuze umbuzo owodwa obaluleke kakhulu - ngabe baningi odokotela bezilwane ezweni lethu (futhi ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni alo) abakwaziyo ukwelapha ama-ermines?
Okubalulekile! Ngendlela, ungakholelwa ukuthi izinganekwane zabafuyi zikhulisa ngempumelelo ama-ermine asekhaya. Abekho nje abantu abanjalo, ngoba iziteki azizaleli ekuthunjweni.
