Indawo yokulala ehlathini - Izilwane ezincelisayo kusukela oda amagundane. Lezi zilwane ezinhle ezinhle zincane kangangokuba abantu abadala bangangena kalula entendeni yomuntu. Umsila omude ontofontofo, ongakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngawo indlu yokulala, ubenza babukeke njengesikwele, nombala ohlukile koboya, osukela ophuzi ngokusawolintshi kuya kokumpunga, umbala womnqumo, unezela ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu esilwaneni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Indawo yokulala ehlathini
Umndeni wama-sleepyheads unezinhlobo ezingama-28 futhi ufinyelela kwisigaba esingu-9. EYurophu, indawo yokwabiwa ivinjelwe endaweni ye-oki. E-Asia naseCaucasus, i-dormouse ihlala emahlathini ezinhlobonhlobo. Umngcele osentshonalanga wendawo yokuhlala ngumthambeka osenyakatho we-Alps. Esifundeni saseNingizimu yeYurophu, lezi zilwane zivamile eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan kanti ngokwengxenye eGrisi. Futhi e-Apennine Peninsula, izilwane zihlala ezintabeni zaseCalabrian kuphela. Ngenkathi iMpumalanga Yurophu, ama-sleepyheads ahlala cishe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwenyakatho yePoland, nase-Ukraine ayitholakali ezifundeni zaseCrimea naseBlack Sea.
Kusatshalaliswe kuyo yonke insimu yeRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus. Abantu abancane batholakala e-Asia Minor, enyakatho yePakistan, e-Iran, eTurkmenistan, entshonalanga yeChina, enyakatho ye-Afghanistan. Umngcele osempumalanga wendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ngumthambeka osentshonalanga we-Mongolian Altai.
Ensimini yeRussian Federation, ama-dormouse asehlathini atholakala ezifundeni iPskov, Novgorod, Tver, futhi nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda saseKirov naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda iVolga.
Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, umngcele webanga ugudla osebeni langakwesokudla loMfula iDon. Izinduku zitholakala eNorth Caucasus zisuka echibini loMfula iKuban naseningizimu, zithatha cishe sonke isifunda saseCaucasus. Kutholakala emahlathini ase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Southern Altai, e-Eastern Kazakhstan. Ezintabeni, i-dormouse ingakhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-3000, ize ifinyelele ebhandeni elinamadwala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-dormouse yehlathi lezilwane
Ngaphandle, lezi zilwane ezincane zingadideka kalula nesikwele, noma i-vole yegundane. Ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela ku-13 cm, kanti umsila wabo ungama-17 cm, futhi isisindo sabo singama-gramu angama-40. Isiquzi se-sleepyhead side, ama-vibrissae akhiwe kuso - amadevu azwelayo. Ngosizo lwazo, izilwane ziyayizwa imvelo. Ama-Vibrissae ahamba, iqembu elihlukile lemisipha libhekele inqwaba ngayinye. Imvamisa zifinyelela ku-20% wobude bomzimba wonke be-dormouse.
Amehlo makhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, amnyama futhi acwebezele. Izindlebe ziphakathi ngosayizi, ziyindilinga. Imilenze yangemuva mikhulu ngokubonakalayo maqondana naleyo yangaphambili. Baneminwe emi-5 lilinye, kuthi ngaphambili babe no-4. Imilenze mincane futhi imifushane. Abesifazane ngokuvamile baba bancane kunabesilisa.
Umsila obushelelezi obushelelezi awusebenzi nje kuphela njengomhlobiso wesilwane, kodwa futhi usiza ukugcina ibhalansi lapho uhambisa imiqhele yezihlahla. Isikhumba somsila sinemithambo yegazi eminingi, esiza ukunquma imizwa yekhanda lokulala. Lapho isilwane sizolile, ijazi lisesimweni esicindezelwe. Kepha uma i-dormouse ithukuthele noma yethukile, umsila womsila uphenduka ubomvana obumnyama, bese uboya buqhuma njengekati ukuze bubonakale bukhulu kophikisana naye.
Iminwe eguquguqukayo isiza isihlahla sobuthongo behlathi ngokukhuphuka ukuthi sikhuphuke ezihlahleni, sibambelele kumahlumela amancane. Ezidladleni kunamakholi ayisi-6 amakhulu naxubile. Ngenhla, isilwane sinombala ompunga, umugqa omnyama uhola usuka ekhaleni uye endlebeni. Ingxenye engezansi imhlophe noma iphuzi ngokukhanyayo. USonya unamazinyo angama-20 emlonyeni wakhe.
Ihlala kuphi i-dormouse yehlathi?
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani indlu yokulala yamahlathi
Isidingo esiyinhloko sesilwane endaweni yokuhlala singamahlathi ahlukanisayo anoqweqwe lwezihlahla nomhlonyane ominyene. Kwesinye isikhathi i-dormouse ihlala ezingadini, emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, emaphethelweni amahlathi, ihlala kuma-glades, kanye nasezihlahleni zamahlathi nezintaba.
Lawa magundane ahlala emigodini, awagwemi izidleke zezinyoni ezishiyiwe, futhi angazakhela awazo. Izilwane zisebenzisa amagxolo e-oki, ubulembu, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha amancane njengezinto zokwakha. Zivikela izidleke zazo ngoboya nangaphansi. Ama-sleepyheads athatha izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ukwakha "indlu". Kwesinye isikhathi bangakhipha izakhamuzi zayo endlini yezinyoni bese behlala lapho ngokwabo. Ngokuvamile, izilwane zihlala ezihlahleni, ngoba ameva ezitshalo enza isiphephelo sazo singafinyeleleki ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye.
AbakwaSony, abalungiselela ukuba ngabazali, bafaka izidleke zabo ngokukhululekile, bazigcwalise ngoboya, okungenani isigamu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abangabodwa bakha izindlu zabo ngokunganaki, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kokuzivikela. Ezindlini zokukhosela ezinjalo, amagundane ngokuvamile awahlali ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4, aphumula kuwo emini. Ngemuva kwalokho bafuna ikhaya elisha.
Njengomthetho, lezi zindlu azinakungena. Ngokulindela njalo ingozi, amakhanda alele ehlathini angagxuma aphume endaweni yokukhosela nganoma iyiphi indawo. Esizeni lapho kuhlala khona isilwane esisodwa, kungaba nezindlu ezinjalo ezingafika kwezi-8. Lokhu akwenziwa nje kuphela yisifiso sokuphepha, kodwa futhi nokwazi ukushiya isidleke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma singcola noma sigcwele izimuncagazi. Ebusika, izinhloko zokulala zizimbela imigodi engaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukujula, ngaphansi kwezimpande noma izinqwaba zamabhulashi, ukuze zingabi yiqhwa ngaphezulu, bese zilala izinyanga ezi-5.
Yini edliwa yi-dormouse yehlathi?
Isithombe: Induku yokulala ehlathini
Njengoba i-dormouse iyisilwane sasebusuku, emini ilala endaweni yayo yokukhosela, kuthi kusihlwa iyofuna ukudla. Ukudla kwabo kuhlukahlukene. Ama-sleepies awahambisani nokudla.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka:
- imbewu nezithelo zezihlahla, izitshalo, izihlahla (ama-hazelnuts, amantongomane e-linden, ama-rose hips, ama-strawberry, amajikijolo, ama-raspberries, ama-acorn, izithelo ze-hawthorn);
- izinhloko zokulala eziseningizimu ziyakwazi ukuzitika ngama-apricot, ama-apula, amaplamu, amagilebhisi, imbewu yamathanga, ibhece nekhabe;
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukudla kwe-dormouse kuma-buds, amagxolo amahlumela we-willow, i-bird cherry, i-aspen;
- ungadeleli imbewu yamajikijolo aqukethe i-hydrocyanic acid.
Yize izilwane zikhetha ukudla kwezitshalo, uma zisendleleni zihlangana nesidleke senyoni namantshontsho noma amaqanda asanda kuzalwa, ngokuqinisekile idokodo liyazidla. Zidla nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zazo nezibungu, kanye neminenke kanye nama-molluscs.
Ngenxa yokuzwa kwabo okujulile, izinhloko zokulala zibamba imisindo ethule kakhulu yokuhamba kwezinambuzane. Sigodola okwesikhashana ukukhomba umthombo womsindo, isilwane sithola kalula futhi sibambe inyamazane. Izibankwa ezincane noma amanye amagundane kungaba yisidlo sasemini esihle salezi zilwane.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwezilwane, kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane kunganqoba ekudleni kwazo. Ebusika, ama-sleepyheads, njengomthetho, awagcini ukudla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angagcina emigodini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Indawo yokulala ehlathini
Yize amahlathi nezihlahlana kubhekwa njengezindawo zokuhlala ezithandwa kakhulu yi-dormouse, ingatholakala futhi endaweni epaki noma engadini. Ezinye izilwane zikhetha indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ezinye zikhetha umhlaba kuphela. Abokuqala bachitha iningi lempilo yabo ezihlahleni. Imvamisa i-dormouse isebenza ebusuku kuphela, kepha ngesikhathi sokuthamba, isilwane singatholakala emini. Imvamisa bahola impilo yebachelor, bahlala emindenini kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esibandayo, i-dormouse yasebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, aqoqa inani elikhulu lamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, ngakho-ke angaba nobunzima obuphindwe kabili ebusika. Ukushisa komzimba esimweni sokulala kuncishiswe kakhulu. Uma ehlobo esimweni esisebenzayo sifinyelela kuma-38 C, ngesikhathi sokulala isikhathi esingu-4-5 C, noma ngaphansi kwalokho.
Uma ngesikhathi sokuvuka kwabo umkhuhlane usabambile, isilwane singabuyela emgodini waso futhi silale ngokwengeziwe. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokulala ubusika, isikhathi sokuzala siqala futhi izinhloko zokulala zifuna abalingani. AbakwaSony bahlanzekile kakhulu. Zingachitha amahora amaningi zikama uboya, zithinte ngokucophelela zonke izinwele ezisemsileni. Endle, zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6. Ungabathambisa kuphela uma uzibamba ngamazinyane. AbakwaSony abathandi ukuthathwa ngezandla zabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-dormouse yehlathi lezilwane
I-Dormouse yezocansi ezahlukahlukene ihlangene isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sempilo. Entwasahlobo, imidlalo yokukhwelana iyaqala. Abesilisa bavuka ebuthongweni basebusika ngaphambi kwezinsikazi bese beqala ukumaka izihlahla. Zidla kakhulu ukuze zilulame ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside. Cishe cishe isonto, abesifazane nabo bakhasa baphume emiminkini. Ebusuku bashaya ikhwela elikhulu, "bacule" imisindo bese beshiya amamaki abo eduze kwamamaki abesilisa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, zihlala ngazimbili esidlekeni esisodwa. Kodwa ngaphambi nje kokubeletha, insikazi ixosha owesilisa ngendluzula. Ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-28. Ngemuva kokudlula kwabo, kufika ku-8 amawundlu. Ngokuyisisekelo, inzalo isikhathi esisodwa ngonyaka. Ngobusuku bokuzalwa, insikazi iba nomnotho ikakhulukazi futhi ilungisa njalo futhi ivikele indawo yokuhlala. Ngokudla okuningi, i-dormouse ingahlala esidlekeni esisodwa noma imindeni.
Amakhanda okulala amancane azalwa enqunu futhi engaboni kanti osukwini lokuqala anesisindo esingaba ngu-2 g. Umama onakekelayo uhlala enenzalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ondle futhi afudumeze izingane, aphume isikhashana ayokondla futhi avale imbobo yesidleke. Uma enye yezingane ilahlekile, umama uyithola ngokuncinza bese eyibuyisa.
Eminyakeni yamaviki ama-2, amawundlu avula ngokuphelele amehlo awo futhi kungekudala azokwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuzimela amagatsha ezihlahla futhi athole ukudla kwawo. Lapho zinezinsuku ezingama-45, ziyazimela futhi ziyashiya esidlekeni.
Izitha zemvelo zehlathi elilala ehlathini
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani indlu yokulala yamahlathi
Isitha esikhulu sala magundane yisikhova esimpunga, isikhova esiphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kuma-38 cm kanye nesisindo esifinyelela ku-600 g. Amaphiko aso afinyelela ku-1 m, futhi umbala ungaba kusuka kwimpunga kuya kobomvu noma nsundu.
Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngamabala amnyama futhi alula. Amehlo amnyama. Lolu hlobo lwezikhova luhlala ezinhlotsheni ezixubekile, emahlathini aqandayo nangama-coniferous, emapaki nasezivandeni. Izidleke zazo zivame kakhulu emigodini, lapho zihlala khona iminyaka eminingi, ziphumula kuzo nasebusika. Ingakwazi ukuhlala ezidlekeni ezindala zezilwane ezidliwayo, izicucu zemvelo. Njengendlu yokulala ehlathini, isikhova esi-tawny sihlala ezindaweni ezifanayo futhi siphapheme kuphela ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Rodent forest dormouse
Ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo yokwabiwa, isitoko se-dormouse yamahlathi endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili sisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, endaweni yamahlathi ahlanganisiwe (iBelovezhie, izinqolobane zaseRussia nezaseBelarusian, amahlathi asemahlathini e-Ukraine), inani laso livamile, kepha ngokujwayelekile lincane.
ENyakatho-mpumalanga (iPskov, iTver, isifunda seVolga, izifunda zaseBaltic) lolu hlobo lwe-dormouse luya ngokuya ngokuncipha. Kulezi zindawo, i-dormouse yehlathi ibhalwe ku-Red Book futhi idinga ukunakwa njengezilwane ezisengozini nezisengozini yokuqothuka. Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule yokubhekwa kwalezi zinhlobo e-biocenter yaseVoronezh State University, kwavezwa ukuthi yindlu eyodwa kuphela yokulala ehlathini kanye ne-hazel dormouse eminingana eyabanjwa ebusuku obungu-9 800 bezicupho. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi kuhlolisiswa izindlu zokugcina izidumbu, kwatholakala abantu abadala abayisi-8 namazinyane amabili ezilwane ezincane eziyisithupha.
Inani lalezi zilwane ezisezintabeni - iCarpathia, iCaucasus, iTranscaucasia, iKodrikh, iKopet-Dag, i-Asia Ephakathi - alibangeli kukhathazeka. Izilwane ezihlala ehlathini aziphikisani nomuntu. Bahlale ngokuzithandela emasimini ezithelo, izivini, ama-walnut groves. EMoldova, kunendawo yokulala eminingi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamabhande ehlathi ama-apricot asendle, ukutshalwa kwe-acacia emhlophe, i-caragana. Kusukela lapho kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-dormouse yehlathi idinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile nokuvikelwa endaweni yamazwe we-CIS engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yendawo yokuhlala.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-dormouse yamahlathi
Isithombe: I-dormouse yehlathi lezilwane
Izinhlobo ze-dormouse yehlathi zibhalwe ku-Red Book yezifunda eziningana zaseRussia - iKursk, Oryol, Tambov naseLipetsk. Lolu hlobo lwe-dormouse luvikelwe yi-Vienna Convention ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Futhi, i-dormouse yehlathi ibhalwe ohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCN, njengenhlobo edinga ukuqashwa nokubhekwa njalo.
Izici eziyinhloko ekunyamalaleni kwalezi zilwane yilezi:
- imisebenzi yamahlathi, minyaka yonke ngokuya ngokwengeziwe ecekela phansi inani elikhulu lezindawo zokulala zamahlathi;
- ukugawulwa kwendle nokugawulwa kwamahlathi asekhulile;
- ukwehliswa okuphawulekayo ezindaweni zezitendi zemvelo;
- intuthuko engeyinhle yezimboni;
- isivuno esibi;
- ukunciphisa inani lezihlahla ezindala eziyize.
Isiqiwi i-Oksky esifundeni iRyazan, eBelarus, izindawo ezivikelwe zeBerezinsky, Voronezh kanye neKhopersky zivikela izindawo zokuhlala izidleke zamahlathi futhi ziveze ezintsha ukuze zigcinwe, zivimbela zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yamahlathi. I-VGPBZ ne-KhGPZ zivikela lezi zinhlobo futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokugcina ama-biocenoses ehlathi lemvelo.
Abathandi balolu hlobo lwezilwane abanconywa ukuthi babambe i-dormouse yehlathi babuye nayo ekhaya. Kungcono ukuyisa ingane yakho ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ukuthengwa kokuqala kwesilwane kufanele kube ikheji elikhulu. Ungamvumeli ngamabomu ukuba azungeze indlu, kungenjalo indlu yokulala ehlathini nakanjani zibaleke ngesikhala sokuqala esivelayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.01.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-22: 23
