Inkabi yeMusk Isilwane esimangalisayo esinokubukeka okuthile, ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi bezilwane basikhethe saba yisiqhema esihlukile. Leli gama lingenxa yezimpawu zangaphandle zezimvu nezinkunzi. Isilwane sathatha umthethosisekelo nokwakheka kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo ezivela ezinkomeni, nohlobo lokuziphatha nezinye izici ezivela ezimvwini. Emithonjeni eminingi yezincwadi, itholakala ngaphansi kwegama le-musk ox.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Musk ox
Inkabi ye-musk ingeyezilwane ezi-chordate; ihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo, i-artiodactyl oda. Ungummeleli womndeni wama-bovids, uhlobo nezinhlobo zezinkabi ze-musk. Igama lesilwane, elihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwesiLatini lasendulo, lisho inkabi yenqama. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehluleka kososayensi ukufika esivumelwaneni maqondana nemvelaphi nokhokho besilwane.
Ividiyo: Musk ox
Okhokho basendulo bezinkomo zanamuhla ze-musk baphila emhlabeni ngesikhathi seMiocene - eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 edlule. Isifunda sendawo ababehlala kuyo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizintaba ezise-Asia Ephakathi. Akunakwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile futhi uchaze ukubukeka, umlingiswa kanye nendlela yokuphila yokhokho basendulo ngenxa yokushoda kwenani elanele lezinsalela.
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3,5-4 edlule, lapho izimo zezulu ziba nzima kakhulu, izinkabi zakudala ze-musk zehla zivela e-Himalaya futhi zasakazeka kuyo yonke indawo yasenyakatho ye-Eurasia naseSiberia. Ngesikhathi sePleistocene, abamele bakudala bale nhlobo, kanye nama-mammoths, inyathi nobhejane, bahlala kakhulu e-Arctic Eurasia.
Ngesikhathi seqhwa e-Illinois, bathuthela ngaseBering Isthmus baya eNyakatho Melika, badlulela eGreenland. Owokuqala eYurophu ukuvula i-musk ox kwakuyisisebenzi se-Hudson's Bay Company, iNgisi uHenry Kelsey.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inkabi yemiski
I-musk ox inokubukeka okucacile, okwakhiwa yizimo zokuba khona kwayo. Azikho ama-bulges emzimbeni wakhe, anciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa. Futhi, isici esithile sokubukeka kwesilwane ijazi elide futhi elijiyile kakhulu. Ubude bayo bufinyelela cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-14-16 ngemuva nangaphezulu kube ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 ezinhlangothini nasesiswini. Ngaphandle, kubonakala sengathi wayembozwe ngenhla ngengubo yokugqoka eyi-chic.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphezu koboya, inkabi yemusk inebhantshi eliwugqinsi futhi eliminyene kakhulu, elifudumeza izikhathi eziphindwe kasikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili kunoboya bezimvu. Ijazi elifakwe inselo linezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zezinwele. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ungumnikazi woboya obufudumele kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ebusika, uboya bukhulu kakhulu futhi bude kakhulu. IMolt iqala ngoMeyi futhi ihlala kuze kube maphakathi noJulayi. Izilwane zihlukaniswa ngemisipha enamandla, ethuthuke kahle. Inkabi ye-musk inekhanda elikhulu kunalokho nentamo efinyeziwe. Ngenxa yejazi elikhulu, elenga, kubonakala likhulu kakhulu kunalokho eliyikho ngempela. Ingxenye engaphambili, engaphambili yekhanda nayo imbozwe ngoboya. Izindlebe zimise okonxantathu futhi cishe azibonakali ngenxa yejazi eliwugqinsi. Inkabi ye-musk inezimpondo ezinkulu ezimise okwesikela. Zixinwe ebunzini, zimboza iningi lazo.
Izimpondo zingaba mpunga, nsundu, noma nsundu. Izeluleko zihlala zimnyama ukwedlula isisekelo. Ubude bezimpondo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60-75. Atholakala kubo bobubili ubulili, kepha kwabesifazane ahlala amafushane futhi angabi mkhulu kakhulu. Izitho zezinkunzi zifushane futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinselo zangaphambili zinkulu kakhulu kunezingendluzelekazi. Izitho zimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu nobude. Umsila mfushane. Imbozwe ngobuningi ngoboya, yingakho ingabonakali ngokuphelele.
Ukukhula kwesilwane ekubuneni kungamamitha ayi-1.3-1.5. Isisindo somuntu omdala oyedwa cishe ngama-600-750 kilograms. Imibala iphethwe ngwevu, nsundu, nsundu nomnyama. Imvamisa ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba inethoni elula, ngezansi kucishe kube mnyama. Kukhona umugqa olula emgogodleni. Izitho nazo zimbozwe ngoboya obukhanyayo.
Ihlala kuphi inkabi yemusk?
Isithombe: Inkabi yeMusk eRussia
Indawo yokuhlala engokomlando yezilwane yanwebeka ezifundeni zase-Arctic zase-Eurasia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eduze kweBering Isthmus, izinkabi ze-musk zathuthela eNyakatho Melika, futhi kamuva naseGreenland.
Ukuguquka komhlaba wonke ezimweni zezulu, ikakhulukazi ukufudumala, kudale ukwehla kwesibalo sezilwane nokuncipha kwendawo ezihlala kuyo. Isitsha se-polar saqala ukuncipha futhi sincibilika, ubukhulu bekhava leqhwa lenyuka, ama-tundra-steppes aphenduka izindawo ezinamanzi. Namuhla, indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yemiski eseNyakatho Melika, endaweni yaseGreenel nasePari, kanye nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho zeGreenland.
Kuze kube ngo-1865, sekuhlanganisiwe, i-musk ox yayihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ze-Alaska, kodwa kule ndawo yayikhuliswa ngokuphelele. Ngo-1930, baphinde balethwa lapho ngamanani amancane, kwathi ngo-1936 esiqhingini saseNunivak. Kulezi zindawo, i-musk ox yaqala kahle. ESwitzerland, e-Iceland naseNorway, kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuzalela izilwane.
Esikhathini esingekude kakhulu, ukuzalanisa izinkunzi kwaqalwa naseRussia. Ngokwezibalo ezinzima zososayensi, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-7-8 bahlala endaweni yeTaimyr tundra, cishe abantu abayi-800-900 e-Wrangel Island, kanye naseYakutia naseMagadan.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-musk ox ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi isilwane sidlani.
Idlani inkabi yemusk?
Isithombe: Animal musk ox
Inkabi ye-musk iyinsangu edliwayo enezinselo. Ikwazile ukujwayela futhi yasinda ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu ze-Arctic ebandayo. Kulezi zindawo, inkathi efudumele ihlala amasonto ambalwa kuphela, bese ubusika buya futhi, izivunguvungu zeqhwa, imimoya namakhaza amabi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umthombo oyinhloko wokudla izitshalo ezomile, izilwane ezithola ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa esinenselo.
Isisekelo sokudla senkomo yemiski:
- i-birch, shrub willow;
- ubulembu;
- ubulembu, ubulembu;
- utshani bekotini;
- ukuthambeka;
- i-astragalus ne-mytnik;
- i-arctagrostis ne-arctophila;
- utshani bezinhlayiyana;
- ukuthulula;
- utshani bomhlanga;
- indoda yedlelo;
- amakhowe;
- amajikijolo.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, izinkabi ze-musk zifika ekukhothweni kasawoti wemvelo, lapho zenzela khona ukungabi namaminerali kanye nokulandela umkhondo emzimbeni. Ebusika, izilwane zizitholela ukudla kwazo, zikukhipha ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, ubukhulu baso abudluli isigamu semitha. Uma ukushuba kwekhava leqhwa kukhuphuka, i-musk ox ngeke ikwazi ukuthola ukudla kwayo. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho umthombo omkhulu wokudla usomile, izimila ezibandayo, izinkabi ze-musk zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi zikugaya.
Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo, bazama ukuhlala eduze kwezigodi zemifula, lapho kunezimila ezicebe kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo. Ngenkathi efudumele, bayakwazi ukuqoqa isisindo esanele samafutha. Ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, cishe kungama-30% wesisindo somzimba.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-musk ox yaseSiberia
I-musk ox iyisilwane esilungiselelwe kahle ukuze siphile ezindaweni ezibandayo, ezinzima. Imvamisa bangahola impilo yokuzulazula, bakhethe indawo lapho kunethuba lokudla. Ebusika, bavame ukufudukela ezintabeni, njengoba imimoya enamandla ikhukhula isembozo seqhwa eziqongweni zazo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, babuyela ezigodini nasezindaweni eziyizicaba ze-tundra.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwenkomo yemiski kuvame ukufana nezimvu. Bakha amaqembu amancane, inani lawo elifinyelela kusuka kubantu abayi-4 kuye kwabali-10 ehlobo, kuze kufike ku-15-20 ebusika. Ngentwasahlobo, abesilisa bavame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu ahlukene, noma bahole indlela yokuphila eyedwa. Abantu abanjalo balinganiselwa ku-8-10% wenani eliphelele lezilwane.
Iqembu ngalinye linendawo yalo yokuhlala kanye nedlelo. Ngenkathi efudumele, ifinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-200, ehlobo yehliselwa kuma-50. Iqembu ngalinye linomholi ohola wonke umuntu ekufuneni isisekelo sefolishi. Ngokuvamile, le ndima yenziwa ngumholi noma umuntu omdala, owesifazane onolwazi. Ezimweni ezibucayi, lo msebenzi unikezwa umhlambi wezinkunzi.
Izilwane zihamba kancane, kwezinye izimo zingasheshisa zifike ku-35-45 km / h. Bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade beyofuna ukudla. Ngenkathi efudumele, ukondla kuyashintshana nokuphumula emini. Lapho kuqala ubusika, baphumula isikhathi esiningi, bagaye izimila engizikhipha ngaphansi kobukhulu bekhava leqhwa. I-musk ox ayisabi nakancane imimoya enamandla namakhaza amakhulu. Lapho izivunguvungu ziqala, zilele zibhekise umoya. Izithwathwa eziphakeme, ezimbozwe uqweqwe, zibeka ingozi ethile kuzo.
Iqondiswe esikhaleni ngosizo lwamehlo athuthukiswe ngokuphelele nephunga, elikuvumela ukuthi uzizwe ukusondela kwesitha futhi uthole ukudla ngaphansi kobukhulu beqhwa. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila semiski yenkomo yiminyaka eyi-11-14, kepha ngenani elanele lokuphakelayo, lesi sikhathi sicishe siphindwe kabili.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Musk ox ngokwemvelo
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala maphakathi noJulayi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Zonke izinsikazi ezivuthiwe ngokocansi, ezikulungele ukukhwelana, zimbozwe owesilisa oyedwa, ongumholi womhlambi. Kulawo maqembu lapho inani lamakhanda liphezulu kakhulu, abesilisa abambalwa abazithobayo abalandela uhlobo lohlobo. Cishe awukho umzabalazo wokunakwa kwabesifazane.
Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bakhombisa amandla phambi komunye nomunye. Lokhu kubonakala ngokutshekisa ekhanda, ukugquma, ukubhuza, inselo eshaya phansi. Uma umphikisi engakakulungeli ukuvumela, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokulwa. Izilwane zisuka kude komunye nomunye amamitha angamashumi amahlanu, futhi, zisakazeka, zishayisane namakhanda azo. Lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho okunamandla kwehlula okubuthaka. Imvamisa, abesilisa baze bafe enkundleni yempi.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, okuthatha izinyanga eziyi-8-9. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili, kuyaqabukela. Isisindo somzimba wezinsana cishe ngama-7-8 kilogram. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa zizelwe, izingane sezikulungele ukulandela unina.
Ubisi lukamama lunama-calories amaningi futhi lunamaphesenti aphezulu amafutha. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhuluphale. Ngesikhathi sezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, sezivele zithola cishe ama-kilograms angama-40, kuthi ngesine ziphindaphinde isisindo somzimba wazo.
Ukondla ngobisi lwebele kuhlala okungenani izinyanga ezine, kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha unyaka. Isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane iqala ukunambitha ubulembu namakhambi. Ngenyanga, isivele izondla ngokudla ngamathafa otshani ngaphezu kobisi lwebele.
Usana olusanda kuzalwa lungaphansi kokunakekelwa ngumama kuze kube unyaka. Amawundlu omhlambi ahlangana njalo ngamaqembu emidlalweni ehlanganyelwe. Phakathi kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, abesilisa bahlala behamba phambili ngezinombolo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkabi ze-musk
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inkabi yemiski
Izinkabi zeMusk ngokwemvelo zinikezwe izimpondo ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla, izicubu ezithuthuke kakhulu. Basondelene impela, okuvame ukubavumela ukuthi balwe nezitha zabo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, banezitha ezimbalwa endaweni yabo yemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkabi ze-musk:
- izimpisi;
- amabhere ansundu nawasendaweni emhlophe;
- wolfine.
Esinye isitha esiyingozi kakhulu ngumuntu. Uvamise ukudla isilwane ngezimpondo noboya baso. Ochwepheshe bezindebe ezingavamile ezinjalo bazazisa kakhulu futhi banikela ngemali eningi. Umuzwa ojulile wephunga nombono othuthukiswe kakhulu uvame ukwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuthola ukuthi ingozi iseduze kangakanani. Esimweni esinjalo, i-musk ox isheshisa ijubane lokuhamba, ingene egijima, bese iyandiza. Kwezinye izimo, bayakwazi ukufinyelela ngejubane elingaphezu kuka-40 km / h.
Uma leli qhinga lingalethi umphumela oyifunayo, abantu abadala bakha indandatho eminyene, enkabeni yayo kukhona amawundlu amancane. Kubonisa ukuhlaselwa ngumzingeli, umuntu omdala uphinde abuyele endaweni yakhe kumbuthano. Icebo elinjalo lokuzivikela livumela umuntu ukuthi avikele ngempumelelo ezitheni zemvelo, kepha alisizi, kepha, kunalokho, lenza kube lula kubazingeli abangadingi ngisho nokulandela isisulu sabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal musk ox
Namuhla i-musk ox inesimo "sengozi encane yokuqothulwa". Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lusalawulwa e-Arctic. Ngokusho kwe-World Organisation for the Protection of Animals, isibalo sayo esiphelele singamakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-136-148. I-Alaska ngo-2005 yayinabantu ababalelwa ku-3 800. Ubukhulu besibalo eGreenland kwakungu-9-12 wabantu abayizinkulungwane. ENunavut, kwakukhona cishe amakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-47, lapho izinkulungwane ezingama-35 zazihlala endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Arctic.
ENyakatho-ntshonalanga, kwakukhona cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-75.5. Cishe ama-92% alaba bantu bahlala endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Arctic. Kwezinye izifunda, i-musk ox ikhona ezimweni zokulondolozwa kanye namapaki kazwelonke, lapho ukuzingela kuvinjelwe khona.
Kubantu be-muskox, ingozi enkulu ibangelwa ukushintsha kwezimo zezulu, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni, ukufudumala nokufaka uqweqwe lweqhwa, ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamabhere nezimpisi eNyakatho Melika. Uma iqhwa limbozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa, izilwane azikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwazo.
Kwezinye izifunda, kuzingelwa izinkabi zemiski ngenxa yoboya bazo obuyigugu, kwezinye zifuna ukuthola inyama, ngokunambitheka nokwakheka kwayo, efana nenkomo. Kwezinye izindawo, amafutha ezilwane nawo ayigugu, lapho kwenziwa khona amafutha okuphulukisa futhi asetshenziswe ku-cosmetology.
Inkabi yeMusk Isilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu esihlanganisa izici zezimvu nezinkunzi. Ungumhlali ezifundeni ezibandayo, ze-arctic. Ngeshwa, ngokushisa kwesimo sezulu, inani lazo nendawo ezihlala kuyo ziyancipha, yize kuze kube manje azibangeli ukwesaba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/27/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/29/2019 ngo-21: 21
