Ama-thrushes angabameleli bezinyoni ezivela ku-oda labadlula. Ama-thrushes anesimo esikhethekile nendlela yokuphila; anendawo yawo yokuhlala, lapho ethanda khona ukwakha isidleke nokukhulisa inzalo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ze-thrush, ngayinye ehlala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba.
Incazelo yezinyoni ezimnyama
Ama-thrushes yizinhlobo zezinyoni ezihamba phambili kakhulu... Zikhetha ukuhlala kwezinye iziqephu zomhlaba ngenkathi efudumele, futhi ngezikhathi zasebusika zindiza ziye ezimweni zokuphila ezinethezekile. Zitholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Ukubukeka
Ama-thrushes anamasayizi amancane omzimba, ahluka ngobude kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-28. Ububanzi bamaphiko abo amancane ngu-35-40 cm.Kodwa isigaba sesisindo sezinyoni sihluke ngokuphelele futhi sincike kohlobo. Ezinye izinyoni azikwazi ukufinyelela esisindweni somzimba esingu-40 g, kanti ezinye zingalenga kuze kufike ku-100 g. Amehlo abekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ngakho-ke lapho efuna ukudla kufanele atshekise amakhanda awo eceleni. Ama-thrushes angahlukaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezinamaphiko ngezici zawo zangaphandle.
Banomlomo omfushane kakhulu ompunga noma ophuzi onamakhala avulekile kanye nezimpaphe eziqondayo, okuyizinto ezenzeka ezinyonini eziningi zohlelo lwabadlula ngendlela. Ezinye izinhlobo zinombala ompunga ngombala obambekayo, kanti ezinye zizalwa nezinsiba ezimnyama ezimsulwa. Izimpiko zizungezwe izimpaphe ezimfushane. Umsila ongunxande wakhiwa izimpaphe zomsila eziyi-12. Imilenze imifushane, kepha kunalokho iqine, amapuleti ama-horny afuthaniswe ekugcineni.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Inyoni inomlingiswa onzima, imvamisa ayinakho ukuthula. Kunoma isiphi isimo esicindezelayo, inyoni iyatatazela. Isibonelo, lapho isilwa nomhlambi, iqala ukumemeza ngokwesaba ngama-amplope amancane bese iyama. I-Thrush iyinyoni efudukayo endizela ubusika isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaqapheli ukungabi bikho noma ubukhona bayo, ngoba inyoni yenza konke cishe ngokungabonakali nangokuthula.
Ukuhamba kwezinyoni phansi ziyofuna ukudla kwenzeka kweqa ngama-khefu abalulekile ngemuva kokuningana. Esikhathini esifudumele sesikhathi, babuyela endaweni yabo yangaphambili yokuhlala ngokunethezeka emihlambini noma bodwa. Ngonyaka othela izithelo, izinyoni azijahi ebusika, noma zingahlala ebusika lapho zihlala khona ehlobo.
Okubalulekile! Ososayensi bahlobanisa indiza eyodwa neqiniso lokuthi abanye abamele iphakethe bangaphambuka futhi basalele emuva komholi. Lesi simo asizethusi izinyoni, futhi ziqhubeka ngokuzimela zibalekele endaweni ehlosiwe.
Ama-thrushes ahlala ezidlekeni, ezakhiwa entwasahlobo ikakhulukazi ngeziqu nezihlahla. Kokunye, zithanda ukuhlala phansi ngqo, kepha kuphela uma kungekho zilwane ezihlala endaweni yazo.
Zingaki izinyoni ezimnyama ezihlala
Ama-thrushes angaba nemipilo ehlukene kuye ngokuthi bahlala kuphi nokuthi badla malini.... Ekuthunjweni nokunakekelwa okuhle, baphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, cishe iminyaka eyi-17. Endle futhi, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-17. Futhi endaweni engeyinhle, kunokudla okwanele nasebukhoneni bezitha eziningi, izinyoni zingase zingaphili iminyaka eyi-10.
Izinhlobo ze-thrushes
Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zezinyoni ezivela emndenini we-thrush. Izinhlobo ezingama-20 zezinyoni zihlala emahlathini aseRussia, okudume kakhulu ngazo inyoni yezingoma ne-blackbird, i-fieldfare, i-red-browed kanye nokubi.
Izinhlobo zokucula
Ubuhle behlathi ungabubona ngezwi eliphakeme futhi elincane, elikhumbuza okuculwa kwe-nightingale. Le nyoni ingabonakala ngezimpaphe zayo:
- umqolo onsundu onsundu;
- kukhona amachashazi amnyama amancane esiswini esimhlophe noma esiphuzi kancane.
Indawo yokuhlala ethandwa kakhulu ehlobo yiCentral Russia, iSiberia neCaucasus. Ebusika, bakhetha ukuthuthela emahlathini ase-Asia, eMpumalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Afrika.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukucula kwenyoni yezingoma kuzwakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube sekwindla. Izinyoni ziqeda umsebenzi wazo wokukhuluma lapho ziqala ukubuthana ngemihlambi ukuze zindizele eningizimu.
URyabinnik
I-Fieldfare ayihlukile emsebenzini wezwi. Izisusa zakhe zithule ngokwanele futhi azifihli endlebeni yomuntu. Yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia, ngaphandle kwamaphethelo asenyakatho. I-fieldberry ifana ngosayizi nenkanyezi. Ukubukeka kuyacaca futhi akukhunjulwa.
Ngemuva inezimpaphe ze-motley, esiswini - esimhlophe, ezinombala ophuzi ezinhlangothini... Zithanda ukuhlala emihlambini emikhulu, futhi zakha izidleke ebangeni elide ukusuka komunye nomunye. I-Fieldfare iyinyoni e-hooligan. Ukuhlangana emhlambini, lezi zinyoni zingabhubhisa wonke amasimu esivuno somlimi.
Umnyama omnyama
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinezici ezimbili ezigqamile: zinethalente elimangalisayo lokucula nokubukeka okukhanyayo, okukhumbulekayo. Abesilisa kuphela abahambisana namagama abo, ngoba banombala omnyama wamalahle. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa izimpaphe eziguquguqukayo. Izinyoni ezimnyama zinokuphela okukhanyayo okuphuzi okuzungeze amehlo kanye noqhwaku olunamandla oluphuzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoni ezikhetha ukuba zodwa. Aziqoqeki njengemihlambi futhi zihlala njalo zihlala kude ibanga elide ukusuka kozakwabo.
I-Belobrovik
I-belobrovik ihlala eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Lezi yizinyoni ezingamelana ncamashi nesikhathi esibandayo, ngakho-ke zingaqala ukwakha izidleke kusenesikhathi (kusukela ngo-Ephreli ziqala ukuqandusela amaqanda). Le nhlobo yehlukile ezihlotsheni zayo kule datha yangaphandle elandelayo:
- ingemuva iluhlaza okotshani;
- izinhlangothi ezibomvu ezimnyama;
- isisu esimhlophe mhlophe, esigcwele izindawo eziningi zokukhanya nombala omnyama;
- ezithombeni zamaphiko kunomphetho wezimpaphe ezibomvu;
- ishiya elimhlophe elimhlophe liyabonakala ngenhla kwamehlo.
Iphimbo elimhlophe limhlophe lizwakala maphakathi nehlobo. Izingoma zakhe zimfushane, kepha ngamanothi abonakalayo okutshiyoza ne-trill.
UDeryaba
Ihlala kakhulu eYurophu Ephakathi futhi iyilungu elikhulu lomndeni we-thrush. Ikhetha ukuhlala ezingadini, ezihlahleni, emahlathini e-coniferous, emapaki nasezihlahleni. Ukudla okuyinhloko kunamajikijolo e-mistletoe, umlotha wezintaba, i-sloe ne-yew. Izikelemu zomhlaba, uginindela wezithelo nezinambuzane ezincane ezihlala enhlabathini kuyisenzo esithandwayo.
IDeryaba ingabonakala ngesisu sayo esimhlophe esinamachashazi amancane kulo lonke ipherimitha layo namaphiko amhlophe ngasisekelo salo esingezansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlane unombala onsundu onsundu, futhi umsila kaSathane uphakeme kakhulu.
Izinkuni thrush
Lona ummeleli omncane kunabo bonke weqembu le-thrush. Elinye igama lalesi silwane yi-thrush enezinhlayiya ezimhlophe. Ihlala emahlathini axubekile, kwesinye isikhathi ama-coniferous atholakala emithambekeni yamagquma. Izimpaphe zale nyoni zinombala obambekayo. Kwabesilisa, umbala wezimpaphe ukhanya ukudlula owabesifazane. Ekhanda nasemahlombe eduna kuhlale kunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabala amhlophe ayabonakala ezimpikweni.
Kukhona indawo encane emhlophe emphinjeni we-thrush yehlathi, ngenxa yokuthi le nyoni ibizwa nge-white-chinned. Isifuba nentamo zinemibala ebomvu ngokugqamile, kuthi ingxenye engezansi yesisu ibomvu ngokukhanyayo. Ukuculwa kobuhle behlathi nakho kudinga ukunakwa. Izingoma zakhe zivame ukudabukisa, kepha kukhona namanothi anesizotha anezimpempe ezinemibala egqamile.
I-Shama thrush
Ikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia... Abesilisa bahlukaniswa izimpaphe ezimnyama, isisu se-chestnut nomsila wangaphandle omhlophe. Abesifazane banombala ompunga. Uqhwaku lwale nhlobo lumnyama bhuqe, nemilenze ibomvana ngokugqamile.
Ngokungafani ne-thrush shama yakubo, akathandi ukudla amajikijolo nezithelo, kepha ukhetha ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi aqukethe amabhungane, izimpethu, amaphela, izintethe, ojekamanzi nezimvemvane.
Le nyoni ilungele ukugcinwa ezindizeni noma emakhejini, ngoba isheshe ijwayele izimo zendawo yayo kanye nokuba khona kwabantu. Bakhetha ukuba nayo ngokulalela ukucula okumangazayo nokuthusayo, okuhluke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo.
I-thrush yemonochromatic
Iduna lingaqashelwa ngemfanelo yalo ewumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngwevu, isisu esiphaphathekile nezidladla nsundu. Kwabesifazane, kunesisu esinsundu ngokunsundu somnqumo esinezinhlangothi ezibomvu. Umphimbo umbozwe kakhulu ngamabala ahlukahlukene. Laba bameleli bakhetha ukuhlala ezifundeni zaseNingizimu Asia kusukela ePakistan kuya eNepal. Ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kwalezi zinyoni kudlulela ogwini lwaseYurophu Ephakathi.
Ukuzulazula kwe-Thrush
Bakhetha ukuhlala kuzo zonke izingadi namapaki aseNyakatho Melika. Muva nje, laba bameleli baqale ukuhlala ngokuqinile emazweni athile aseYurophu. Ingemuva, ikhanda, umsila nezimpiko kumnyama noma mpunga-kumnyama ngombala, kanti isifuba nesisu kugqame kumathoni abomvu-o-orenji. Umphimbo namehlo anezindawo ezimhlophe. Izibiliboco eziyizintandokazi yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimvemvane, amabhungane nezintuthwane. Esikhathini sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, bakhetha ukusebenzisa ama-cherries, ama-cherries amnandi, ama-sumac, amajikijolo kanye nama-raspberry.
Indawo yokuhlala
Umndeni wezinyoni zezingoma ezincane kuya kweziphakathi nendawo uvamile kuzo zombili izindawo ezisempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Ama-thrushes angahlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeplanethi, kuya ngokuncamelayo kohlobo ngalunye. Into yokudla idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni indawo ehlala kuyo. Indawo ecebile ngezithelo nezithelo zamajikijolo, izinyoni eziningi zihlala ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Ukudla kwe-thrush
Ngokuya ngesizini yonyaka, izinyoni zingadla ukudla okwehlukene.... Ebusika, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izithelo, amajikijolo nembewu yezitshalo. Ehlobo, bakhetha ukuhlangana eduze kweziza zengadi befuna ukudla. Eminyakeni epholile, zingabhubhisa ngokuphelele amasimu amajikijolo omuntu, njenge-honeysuckle, i-cherry, isitrobheli ne-sweet cherry.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu ukudla okunamaphrotheni agcwele, ngakho izinyoni zidla amabhungane, izikelemu zomhlaba, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kanye neminenke ngenjabulo ekhethekile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngentwasahlobo, ama-thrushes alungiselela ngokucophelela izidleke zokuzalela, ezivikela futhi aziqinise ngamagatsha omile, utshani, amaqabunga omile, utshani nezimpaphe. Uma kukhona ubulembu noma ubulembu endaweni yokwakha izidleke, khona-ke izinyoni nakanjani zizosebenzisa lezi zinto zokwakha ikhaya elithokomele. Ukuqinisa ingxenye yohlaka lwekhaya labo, basebenzisa ubumba oluvela ngaphandle nangaphansi ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuvikela izindonga.
Zikhetha ukwakha isidleke endaweni ephakeme engekho ngaphezu kwama-5-6 m ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda ayisithupha, futhi bangakhiqiza imvuthu emibili ngonyaka. Amaqanda abukeka emuhle kakhulu: angahluka ngokugqamile, noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Uma owesifazane ethanda ukuphinde abeke, lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Insikazi ihlala emaqandeni cishe izinsuku eziyi-14. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekuphakeleni amaphuphu, baphuma ngaphandle kwesidleke beyofuna ukudla futhi benze izindiza ezingaba ngu-200 ngosuku. Kakade ngosuku lwe-12-15, amaphuphu asekhulile ayakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni somzali, kepha akubona bonke abangakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukudla kwabo, ngakho-ke izingane eziningi zimane zibulawe yindlala.
Izitha zemvelo
Amagwababa azikhukhumezayo aba yizitha ezivamile zezinyoni ezimnyama, ezibhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni futhi zintshontshe amaqanda azo. Ama-Woodpeckers, squirrels, jays, izikhova noKlebe nakho kungabangelwa yizitha. Vele, abantu abalona usongo oluncane empilweni yezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-thrushes angomakhelwane abahle kakhulu bezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingenakuzivikela ezinjengezintaka nezimpukane. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala ngamabomu eduze kwezidleke ze-thrushes, ngoba lezi zokugcina zisiza ukuxosha abantu abangathandeki endaweni engomakhelwane ezindaweni abahlala kuzo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliphelele labantu abaphoxekile endaweni yokwakha kanye namandla abadliwe yibo ahluka ngokulingana nobuningi bezinsizakusebenza zonyaka. Ukwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza kwenziwa ukuguquguquka kohlobo olulodwa lokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinsiza ezikhona isikhathi eside, nokuzimisela kwabanye ukubekezelela ukusweleka kokudla kwesikhashana.
Ngokuvamile, ama-thrushes awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa njengezilwane ezisengozini, ngoba ukuzala kwawo kusebenza kakhulu, futhi ukufa kwabantu kusenesikhathi kuyiphesenti eliphansi kakhulu.
