Imbila yaseMelika - omele omfushane, omelele womndeni wakwaLaskov. Yilona kuphela uhlobo lwembila oluhlala eNyakatho Melika. Ama-badger anomzimba omude, imilenze emifushane nezindlala zephunga. Ama-badger aseMelika angabavukuzi abashesha kakhulu abakwazi ukufihla ngaphansi komhlaba futhi banyamalale emehlweni ngemizuzwana.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-badgers kuyinkimbinkimbi. Izigaba zihlala zibuyekezwa, okwenza ukunemba kwentela kwanoma yikuphi ukutadisha kube okwesikhashana kakhulu. Kuhle ukuvuma ukuthi kunempikiswano eqhubekayo yokuthi yiziphi izilwane okufanele zithathwe "njengezimbila zangempela." Ososayensi ngokuvamile bayavumelana ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ibheji yase-Eurasia, ibheji yase-Asia, nebheji yaseNyakatho Melika.
Ama-badger aseMelika ahlobene ngokwemvelo nama-ferrets, ama-minks, ama-otters, ama-weasel nama-wolverine. Zonke lezi zilwane zingamalungu oMndeni omkhulu kakhulu ngokulandelana kweCarnivores - Affectionate. I-badger yaseMelika ukuphela kwezinhlobo zezwe elisha ezitholakala eNyakatho Melika evulekile neyomile entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Ividiyo: American Badger
Ama-badger aseMelika yizilwane ezihlala zodwa emathafeni asentshonalanga. Bacasha ngaphansi komhlaba emigodini abazenzele yona. Uma bengekho emigodini yabo, lapho-ke basendleleni befuna inyamazane. Ukuthola ukudla, ama-badger kufanele awumbe emigodini yawo, futhi yilokhu ajwayele kahle. Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele zonyaka, izimbila zaseMelika zivame ukuhambahamba futhi zingangena emgodini omusha nsuku zonke.
Akuzona izindawo eziqinile, futhi amabanga abo emakhaya angagqagqana. Lapho kubanda, izimbila zibuyela emgodini owodwa ukuze zichithe ubusika khona. AmaBadger athola isisindo ehlobo futhi anciphe ngokulindela ubusika obude obungenazisulu ezincane noma ezingekho nhlobo. Basinda emafutheni amaningi kuze kube yilapho umhlaba uncibilika entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ukuze bonge amandla, basebenzisa i-torpor, izwe elifana nokulala ubusika bonke.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani ibheja laseMelika
Konke mayelana nebheji laseMelika kwenzelwa ukumba. Amise okwechibi, afana nefosholo lengadi, anamakhanda amancane, izintamo eziwugqinsi namahlombe anamandla. Izinyawo zazo zangaphambili nazo zine-webbed ngokwengxenye, zigcina izinzwane zazo zisondelene ukumba okuqine ngokwengeziwe. Amehlo abo avikelekile ekungcoleni okundizayo nasothulini ngesembozo sangaphakathi noma "ulwelwesi lokugqoka" olwehla lapho kudingeka. Banesikhumba esixegayo, esivumela ukuthi bajike ezindaweni eziqinile.
Ama-badger aseMelika anemizimba emide futhi eyisicaba enemilenze emifushane, ebavumela ukuba basondele emhlabathini futhi bazingele kahle. Izilwane zinemilomo engunxantathu namakhala amade akhombe. Uboya bazo bunsundu noma bumnyama, bunemigqa emide emhlophe esukela esihlokweni sekhala kuze kube semumva. Ama-badger aseMelika anezindlebe ezincane nezinzipho zangaphambili ezinde ezibukhali. Ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-9 kuye kwayi-13 ubude namakhilogremu ama-3 kuye kwayi-12, imbila yaseMelika inkudlwana kunomfowabo wayo waseningizimu, i-honey badger, futhi incane ngaphezudlwana komfowabo “onqenqemeni lwechibi”, imbila yaseYurophu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uma imbila yaseMelika ikhonjiwe ekhoneni, izogquma, ikhamise futhi iveze amazinyo ayo, kepha uma le misindo emikhulu ingakusabisi, izoqala ukukhipha iphunga elibi le-musky.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ibheji laseMelika libukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi lesilwane sidlani.
Ihlala kuphi imbila yaseMelika?
Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika evela e-USA
Ungavumeli igama labo likukhohlise, ama-badger aseMelika awahlali nje e-United States. uhla lwabo ludlulela naseCanada. Njengoba edabuka ezindaweni ezinotshani zaseNyakatho Melika ezisuka eningizimu yeCanada ziye eMexico, imbila yaseMelika inolunye lwezinhlu ezinkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zebheji. Isimo sezulu esomile sithandeka kakhulu kuma-badger aseMelika, futhi bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezingcolile kanye nasemathafeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimbila zaseMelika zitholakala ezingwadule ezibandayo naseziqiwini eziningi.
Imbila yaseMelika ithanda izindawo ezivulekile zokudla emadlelweni lapho zingachitha khona kusihlwa zimba izinhlanzi ukuze zithole inyamazane futhi zicashe ekhaya lazo elimnandi. Izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile njengasemathafeni nasemathafeni, emapulazini nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Banamasimu amakhulu kakhulu; eminye imikhaya yama-badger ingalula izinkulungwane zamahektare ukuze ithole ukudla okwanele! Zivame ukuhamba futhi zivame ukuhlala endaweni efanayo ubusuku obuningana ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Imbila yaseMelika inesilinganiso sokuphila seminyaka eyi-6 endle kubo bobabili ubulili; isikhathi eside kunazo zonke sokurekhoda sasiyiminyaka eyi-14 endle.
E-United States, imbila yaseMelika ingatholakala kusuka ogwini olusentshonalanga iye eTexas, e-Oklahoma, eMissouri, e-Illinois, e-Ohio, eMichigan nase-Indiana. Ingatholakala naseningizimu yeCanada eBritish Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta, naseSaskatchewan.
E-Ontario, ama-badger aseMelika atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezinkomo ezinde zotshani, izindawo ezinesihlabathi kanye nezindawo zokulima. Lezi zindawo zinika ama-badger inyamazane encane, kufaka phakathi izimbila, onogwaja namagundane amancane. Njengoba ama-badger ikakhulu ehamba ebusuku futhi exwaya abantu, ababaningi abantu abanenhlanhla yokuthola okungenani eyodwa endle.
Yini edliwa yimbila yaseMelika?
- Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika ngokwemvelo
Ama-badger aseMelika acishe adle kuphela, okusho ukuthi adla kakhulu inyama, yize inani elincane lotshani nefungi likudla njengamaseli. Izinzipho ezinde ezicijile namandla amakhulu embila yaseMelika ayisiza ibambe izilwane ezincane ezigobayo ezakha ingxenye yengonyama ekudleni kwayo.
Imithombo yokudla eyinhloko ye-badger yaseMelika yile:
- gophers;
- amagundane;
- amagundane;
- izimbila;
- amaprotheni;
- ama-chipmunks;
- onogwaja.
Ukukhipha isisulu emhlabathini, isilwane sizosebenzisa uzipho lwaso. Ukumba noma yisiphi isilwane esincane, imbila yaseMelika izomba umgodi ngokwawo bese iqhubela igundane ekhaya layo. Kwesinye isikhathi imbila yaseMelika ingamba emgodini wesilwane bese ilinda ukuthi ibuye. AmaCoyotes avamise ukuma ngenkathi imbila icashe futhi ibamba izilwane eziphuma emgodini, zizama ukubalekela imbila. Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane singcwaba ukudla emhlabathini "okubekiwe" ukuze sikudle kamuva.
Uma ingazitholi izilwane ezibalwe ngenhla, imbila yaseMelika nayo ingadla amaqanda ezinyoni, amaxoxo, amaqanda wofudu, ama-slugs, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, iminenke noma izithelo. Ngesandulela, ama-badger aseMelika asiza ukulawula inani lamagundane ezindaweni eziphila kuzo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika ebusika
Ngenkathi i-badger yaseMelika iyisilwane esivamile emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika, lokho akusho ukuthi ungakhuphuka ngokuphepha uyophulula omunye walaba bantu abanoboya. AmaBadger anolaka ngokwemvelo futhi enza umnikelo omkhulu esimisweni semvelo saseNyakatho Melika. Awukwazi ukudlala nazo, njengoba kuyingozi empilweni yakho.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ama-badger aseMelika yizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezenzeka ndawonye ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-badger amahlanu kuphela azohlala endaweni efanayo, ngamaqembu ngokuvamile aqhele ngekhilomitha elilodwa.
I-badger yaseMelika ihamba ebusuku futhi ijwayele ukungasebenzi kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, yize ingahambi ibanga elide kangaka ukulala ubusika. Izilwane zimba imigodi ongalala kuyo, futhi ucashe ukuze ubambe inyamazane ngenkathi uzingela. Imilenze enamandla ye-badger yaseMelika ihlunga ngokushesha inhlabathi, okuyinzuzo enkulu yezilwane lapho izingela izilwane ezigebayo.
Imbila yaseMelika ayilali ebusika, kodwa ingalala izinsuku ezimbalwa lapho kubanda kakhulu. Lesi silwane sichitha isikhathi esiningi sisemhlabathini noma ngaphansi komhlaba, kodwa siyakwazi ukubhukuda size sicwile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-lair namabherows ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni ye-badger. Imvamisa unezimbobo nezimbobo eziningi ezahlukene. Uwasebenzisela ukulala, ukuzingela, ukugcina ukudla nokuzala. Imbila yaseMelika ingashintsha umhhume wayo nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwalapho inezingane. Ibheji inomnyango owodwa onenqwaba yenhlabathi eduze kwawo. Lapho i-badger isongelwa, ivame ukubuyela emgodini wayo bese ibhoboza amazinyo nezinzipho zayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvala ukungena komgodi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: American Badger Cub
I-badger yaseMelika isilwane esizimele ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Iyakhwelana phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo zikaJulayi nango-Agasti. Kodwa-ke imibungu ayiqali ukukhula kuze kufike ekuqaleni kukaDisemba ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokufakwa esibelethweni, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "yi-embryonic diapause". Ama-badger abesifazane angakhwelana ezinyangeni ezine ubudala; ama-badgers angaba ngumlingani eminyakeni emibili. I-badger yesilisa ingakhwelana nabesifazane abangaphezu koyedwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo ye-embryonic diapause yenzekile, isithelo se-badger saseMelika sikhula kuze kufike uFebhuwari futhi sizalwe ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo. Ngokwesilinganiso, imbila yesifazane yaseMelika izala amawundlu amahlanu ngodoti ngamunye. Uma esezelwe, la mawundlu azobe engaboni futhi engenakuzisiza emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ezimpilo zawo, okusho ukuthi ancike ngokuphelele konina ukuze aphile.
Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amawundlu aseMelika azohambahamba, kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili alunyulwe obisini ngaleyo ndlela aqale ukudla inyama. Lapho zinezinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala, amawundlu aseMelika ashiya omama bawo. Baqhubeka nomjikelezo wokuphila, ngokuzimela bezingela futhi bazala amawundlu abo. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimbila zaseMelika zihlala iminyaka engaba mihlanu endle.
Izitha zemvelo zezimbila zaseMelika
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani imbila yaseMelika
Ama-badger aseMelika anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo njengoba zivikelwe kahle ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Intamo yabo yemisipha noboya obukhulu, obukhulu, obuvulekile bubavikela ekuhlaselweni yizitha. Lokhu kunikeza i-American badger isikhathi sokubamba umhlaseli ngozipho lwayo. Uma i-badger ihlaselwa, ibuye isebenzise iphimbo. Isilwane sihayiza, sihhewule futhi sikhala. Iphinde ikhiphe iphunga elingathandeki elisiza ukuxosha isitha kude.
Izitha eziyinhloko zama-badger aseMelika yilezi:
- i-red lynx;
- izinkozi zegolide;
- amasofa;
- amakhowe;
- ama-coyotes;
- izimpisi;
- amaBhele.
Kodwa noma kunjalo, abantu bayisongo esikhulu kunazo zonke kulezi zinhlobo. Njengoba indawo yemvelo yembila yaseMelika iguqulwa ibe yipulazi noma ipulazi, lesi silwane siba inkathazo kulabo ababheka imingxunya yabo njengengozi yemfuyo noma isithiyo ekukhiqizeni izilimo.
Ngakho-ke, usongo olukhulu kuma-badger aseMelika ukulahleka kwendawo. Kungenzeka ukuthi iBadgers yehlile njengoba amadlelo avulekile aguqulwa aba umhlaba wezolimo, kanti nentuthuko yasemadolobheni namuhla isongela lolu hlobo nezinye izinhlobo. AmaBadger nawo asengozini yokushayisana nezimoto, njengoba ejwayele ukuwela imigwaqo efuna izisulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika ngokwemvelo
Ngokwososayensi, kwezinye izindawo inani lama-badger aseMelika lalingafika kubantu abangafika ku-20 000. AmaBadger alahlekelwa yimizi yawo ngokushesha, kepha, njengoba umhlaba ususelwa amapulazi nemizi. Okwamanje kunabantu abangaphansi kuka-200 abahlala e-Ontario, abanabantu ababili kuphela abangaseningizimu-ntshonalanga neNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Ontario. Ama-badger aseMelika asele kumele "ancintisane" nabantu ukuthola ukudla nendawo yokuhlala.
Lezi zinguquko endaweni zithinta nezinye izilwane, zinciphisa inyamazane etholakalayo yokuzingela imbila yaseMelika. Indawo yokuhlala yaseBadger nayo iya ngokuya iqhekeka ngenxa yemigwaqo, kanti kwesinye isikhathi izimbila zibulawa yizimoto lapho zizama ukuwela umgwaqo odlula endaweni yazo.
Ukusiza imbila, sidinga ngempela ukugcina indawo abahlala kuyo ukuze babe nendawo yokuhlala, yokuzingela nokuthola abangane. Ngeshwa, asazi okuningi ngabo ngoba bahlala bodwa. Imisebe evela kwi-badger yaseMelika nendawo ehlala kuyo izosisiza siqonde kangcono ukuthi yini esongela abantu babo.
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva yohlu lwe-Endangered Species Red List olukhishwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature, i-badger yaseMelika ihlukaniswa "njengengcuphe", okusho ukuthi loluhlobo luhlala endle, kepha lubhekene nokuqothulwa noma ukuqothulwa okuseduze.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimbila zaseMelika
Isithombe: I-badger yaseMelika evela eRed Book
I-badger yaseMelika ilinganiselwe njengengozini enkulu ngenkathi kuqalisa ukusebenza i-Endangered Species Act ngo-2008. Ngo-2015, inani labantu lahlukaniswa kabili, kanti inani labantu abaseningizimu-ntshonalanga kanye nabantu basenyakatho-ntshonalanga babalwa njengabasengozini.
Lapho uhlobo lubalwa njengolusengozini noma olusengozini, indawo abahlala kuyo ngokuhlanganyela ivikeleka ngokuzenzakalela. Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yindawo lapho uhlobo lwesilwane luthembele kunqubo yokuphila. Lokhu kufaka izindawo ezisetshenziswa uhlobo oluthile njengomhhume, isidleke, noma enye indawo yokuhlala. Akubandakanyi izindawo lapho lolu hlobo lwake lwahlala khona noma lapho lungaphinde lubuyiselwe khona ngokuzayo.
Ukulandela ukwenziwa kwesu lokululama kanye nokushicilelwa kwesitatimende sokuphendula sikahulumeni, kwenziwa umthethonqubo othile wezemvelo oyogcina uthathe indawo yokuvikelwa kwendawo yonke jikelele. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezisengozini nezisengozini isuke ilawulwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wezilwane Ezisengozini.
Ukuholwa isitatimende sokuphendula, uhulumeni:
- usebenza nabantu ngabanye, amaqembu ezemvelo, omasipala nabanye abaningi ukubasiza ukuvikela izilwane ezisengozini nezisengozini kanye nezindawo zazo zokuhlala;
- isekela amaphrojekthi okuphatha umphakathi asiza ukuvikela nokubuyisa izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa;
- isebenza nezimboni, abanikazi bomhlaba, abathuthukisi, abacwaningi nabanye abafisa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingalimaza izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo noma imvelo;
- wenza ucwaningo ngezinhlobo zezilwane nezindawo ezihlala kuzo.
Imbila yaseMelika ingashintshwa ukuze iphile ngaphansi komhlaba. Zithola iningi lezisulu zazo ngokumba izimbobo futhi zingajaha inyamazane yazo ngejubane elimangalisayo. Ngokulawula inani lamagundane nezinambuzane, ama-badger aseMelika asiza abantu, kanti onogwaja nabanye ohlelweni lwabo lwezemvelo bayazuza emigodini yamahhala ye-badger.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/01/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/28/2019 ngo-11: 25
