I-gibbon empunga (iHylobates muelleri) ingeye-oda lama-primates.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwegibhoni empunga.
I-gibbon empunga isatshalaliswa esiqhingini saseBorneo ngaphandle kwesifunda eseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-gibbon empunga.
Ama-gibbon ampunga ahlala emahlathini ahlala eluhlaza okotshani nasezindaweni eziluhlaza okotshani, ezindaweni ezikhethiwe zokugawula amahlathi kanye nasehlathini lesibili. Ama-Gibbons abuyela emuva futhi asebenza kahle. Zikhuphuka emahlathini ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1500 noma kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1700 eSabah, ukuminyana kwendawo yokuhlala kuncipha ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ucwaningo ngomthelela wokungena ngemvume ekusatshalalisweni kwama-gibbon ampunga kukhombisa ukwehla kwamanani.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zegibhoni elimpunga.
Umbala wamabanga we-gibbon empunga usuka kokumpunga kuye konsundu. Ubude bomzimba buphela kusuka ku-44.0 kuye ku-63.5 cm.I-gibbon empunga inesisindo esingu-4 kuye ku-8 kg. Inamazinyo amade, afanayo futhi ayinamsila. Ingxenye eyisisekelo yesithupha isuka esihlakaleni kunesundu, inyuse uhla lokunyakaza.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa, abesilisa nabesifazane bayafana ngezici zokuziphatha.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwegibhoni empunga.
Amabhoni amhlophe yizilwane ezizodwa. Bakha ngababili futhi bavikele imindeni yabo. I-monogamy yenzeka kuphela ku-3% wezilwane ezincelisayo. Ukuvela kokushada nomuntu oyedwa kuma-primates kungumphumela wezici zemvelo njengokudla okunomsoco nobungako bendawo ehlala abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa wenza umzamo omncane wokuvikela owesifazane oyedwa kanye nenzalo yakhe, okwandisa amathuba okusinda.
Inzalo yalezi zilwane ivela eminyakeni eyi-8 kuya kwengu-9. Imvamisa owesilisa uqala ukukhwelana, uma owesifazane ekwamukela ukuqomisana kwakhe, lapho-ke uzwakalisa ukulungela ngokuncika phambili. Uma ngasizathu simbe owesifazane enqaba okushiwo owesilisa, khona-ke uyakushaya indiva ukuba khona kwakhe noma ashiye isiza.
Insikazi ithwala ithole izinyanga eziyisi-7. Imvamisa kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela.
Iningi lama-gibbon ampunga azala njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemi-3. Ukunakekela inzalo kungathatha iminyaka emibili. Bese-ke amagebhoni amancane, njengomthetho, ahlala nabazali bawo aze afinyelele ekuvuthweni, kunzima ukusho ukuthi bazimela ngasiphi iminyaka. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ama-gibbon ampunga agcina ubudlelwane nezihlobo zawo, njengamanye amalungu ohlobo.
Amagiboni amancane asiza ukukhulisa amawundlu amancane. Abesilisa ngokuvamile basebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni nasekukhuliseni inzalo yabo. Ama-gibhoni amhlophe aphila iminyaka engama-44 ekuthunjweni, futhi emvelweni baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-gibbon empunga.
Ama-gibbon ampunga akuzona izinkawu ezihamba kakhulu. Zihamba kakhulu ezihlahleni, zisuka egatsheni ziye kwelinye. Le ndlela yokuqothula ithatha ubukhona bezingalo ezinde ezithuthukile, ezakha indandatho yezingalo ezivaliwe egatsheni. Ama-gibbon ampunga ahamba ngokushesha ngokuxhuma okude nemingcele. Bayakwazi ukumboza ibanga lamamitha ama-3 lapho beya kwelinye igatsha futhi cishe ngamamitha ayi-850 ngosuku. Ama-gibbon ampunga ayakwazi ukuhamba aqonde ngezingalo zawo eziphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwekhanda lawo ukulinganisela lapho ehamba phansi. Kepha le ndlela yokuhamba ayijwayelekile kulezi zimbongolo, kulokhu, ama-primates awahambi amabanga amade. Emanzini, ama-gibbon ampunga azizwa engavikelekile, angabhukudi abampofu futhi agwema amanzi avulekile.
Lezi zinhlobo ze-primate zivame ukuhlala ngamaqembu abantu abathathu noma abane. Kukhona nabesilisa abangashadile. Lawa angama-Gibbon okuphoqeleke ukuthi ashiye umndeni wawo futhi awakasunguli indawo yawo.
Amabhoni amhlophe asebenza amahora angu-8-10 ngosuku. Lezi zilwane ziyashintsha, zivuka entathakusa futhi zibuyele ebusuku ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
Abesilisa bavame ukusebenza ekuqaleni futhi bahlale bevukile isikhathi eside kunabesifazane. Ama-gibbon ampunga ahamba ayofuna ukudla ngaphansi kombhede wehlathi.
Ama-gibbon ansundu yizilwane zomphakathi, kepha musa ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi njengezinye izinhlobo ze-primate. Ukuzilungisa nokudlala komphakathi kuthatha okungaphansi kuka-5% wemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana okusondele kungabangelwa inani elincane labalingani bezenhlalo.
Owesilisa nowesifazane omdala basebudlelwaneni bezenhlalo obulinganayo noma obulinganayo. Ukubheka kukhombisile ukuthi abesilisa badlala ngama-ribbon amancane. Imininingwane emincane iyatholakala ukunquma amaphethini wokuziphatha ajwayelekile emaqenjini ama-gibboni ampunga. Izikole zalezi zinkawu zinendawo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 amahektha angama-34.2 wezindawo zokuhlala avikelekile ekuhlaselweni ezinye izinhlobo zezinye izizwe. Ukuvikelwa kwendawo kufaka phakathi ukumemeza okuvamile ekuseni nezingcingo ezethusa abangenayo. Ama-gibhoni amhlophe awavamile ukusebenzisa udlame lomzimba lapho evikela indawo yawo. Amasiginali wezwi wama-gibboni ampunga afundwe ngokuningiliziwe. Abesilisa abadala bacula izingoma ezinde kuze kuse. Izinsikazi zimemeza ngemuva kokuphuma kwelanga nangaphambi kuka-10 ekuseni. Isikhathi esimaphakathi salezi zinsuku yimizuzu engu-15 futhi senzeka nsuku zonke.
Abesilisa abanesizungu bacula izingoma eziningi kunabesilisa abanamabhangqa, mhlawumbe ukuheha abesifazane. Abesifazane abangamaCelibate abavamile ukucula.
Njengamanye ama-primates, ama-gibbon ampunga asebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba, ukubukeka kobuso nokuma komzimba lapho bekhulumisana.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-gibbon empunga.
Iningi lokudla kwama-gibboni ampunga liqukethe izithelo ezivuthiwe, ezicebile ze-fructose kanye namajikijolo. Amakhiwane athandwa ngokukhethekile. Kancane kancane, ama-primates adla amaqabunga amancane ngamahlumela. Ku-ecosystem yamahlathi emvula, ama-gibboni ampunga adlala indima ekusakazekeni kwembewu.
Ukubaluleka kwesayensi kwegibhoni empunga.
I-gibbon empunga ibalulekile ocwaningweni lwezesayensi ngenxa yokufana kwayo kwezofuzo nangokomzimba kubantu.
Isimo sokonga se-gibbon empunga.
I-IUCN ibeka i-gibbon empunga njengezinhlobo ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa. Ukuxhumanisa neSijobelelo Sesigaba I kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lusengozini. I-gibbon empunga ibhalwe njengezinhlobo ezingavamile ezithinteka ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi okukhulu eBorneo. Amahlathi amakhulu acishe acekelwa phansi ngokuphelele.
Ikusasa le-gibbon elimpunga lincike ekubuyiselweni kwendawo yalo yemvelo, okungamahlathi aseBorneo.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuhweba ngezilwane ngokungemthetho kuyizinsongo ezinkulu, ngokungezwa kokuzingela maphakathi nesiqhingi. Kusuka ngo-2003-2004, abantu abangu-54 bezinambuzane ezingavamile bathengiswa ezimakethe zaseKalimantan. IHabitat ilahleka ngenxa yokwandiswa kwamasimu esundu kawoyela nokwandiswa kokugawulwa kwezihlahla. I-gibbon empunga ikwi-CITES isijobelelo I. Ihlala ezindaweni eziningi zemvelo ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, kufaka phakathi amapaki kazwelonke iBetung-Kerihune, iBukit Raya, iKayan Mentarang, iSungai Wayne, iTanjung Puting National Park (Indonesia). Futhi naseLanjak-Entimau Sanctuary, Semengok Forest Reserve (Malaysia).
