Ukuthola izinhlobo zezilwane ezingalindelekile kungathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kufundise. Hhayi lezo zidalwa eziyinqaba noma izidalwa eziguqukayo esesaba ngazo kwi-Intanethi nakuthelevishini. Futhi kuyaqabukela futhi kukhona empeleni, okungaziwa kithi kuze kube manje. ECrimea, budebuduze neSimferopol, kuneNaples Scythian Historical and Archaeological Reserve.
Ngesikhathi leli dolobha lasendulo laliyinhloko-dolobha yombuso weScythian ongasekho. Kule ndawo kunemihume, izindunduma zokungcwaba kanye nama-crypts. Kwelinye lala ma-crypts, inombolo 9, kukhona ukukhiqizwa komdwebo wodonga "Indawo yokuzingela izingulube zasendle". Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, izinkulungwane zabantu zazibheka lo mdwebo futhi azange zibone ukuthi kwakungeyona ingulube yasendle edonselwe lapho.
Iphi impumulo ebuthuntu enempumulo enkulu, izindlebe ezilenga, ikhanda elikhulu, imilenze emifushane? Cishe, izivakashi eziningi zilungisise isithombe esinjalo ngokungaziphathi kahle komculi wasendulo. Kodwa-ke, wapenda ngokuningiliziwe isifonyo esi side, njengempisi, izindlebe ezimfushane zimile, zinemilenze emide ngokungalingani.
Isithombe sibukeka njengokuhlekisa okuncane noma ihlaya lomculi. Kepha konke kwenzeka endaweni uma uvula isichazamazwi sikaVladimir Dal bese uthola incazelo yesilwane "babokusa". Ifana ncamashi nomfanekiso wengulube kusuka ku-crypt no. 9.
Ngesikhathi sikaDahl, noma ngokuqondakalayo, engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, lesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile sasihlala eMpumalanga India. Manje akekho. Kepha kusengabonakala esiqhingini sase-Indonesia iCelebes (Sulawesi).
Ibizwa ingulube babirussa (Babyroussa babyrussa), noma ingulube-inyamazane, yile ndlela igama elithi "babirussa" lingahunyushwa ngayo kusukela olimini lwendawo lwesiMalay. Le ngulube yathola igama elifanayo ngenxa yesimo esikhethekile semicu ekhula emhlathini ongenhla.
Futhi ngenxa yokuthanda kwakhe nokushesha kokunambitha. E-Indonesia, leli gama libhalwe ngohlamvu olulodwa "c" (babirusa). Ngokuya ngezigaba, lesi sidalwa esinge-artiodactyl non-ruminants futhi singabomndeni wezingulube.
MAYELANAumbhalo nezici
Osayizi babirussa kungabizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso. Ukuphakama kokubuna kuyipharamitha ejwayelekile yama-tetrapods - ifinyelela kuma-80 cm, umzimba ucishe ube yimitha ubude. Ingulube inesisindo esingaba ngama-80 kg. Futhi-ke, njengazo zonke izingulube, insikazi ingaphansi ngosayizi kowesilisa.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, isengaphanjaniswa nengulube, yize inwebekile. Umzimba omkhulu ominyene, isichibi esifubeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uyabubula. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolisiswa, kuningi umehluko oshayayo. Ikhanda maqondana nomzimba lincane kakhulu ezingulubeni. Izindlebe nazo zincane, kufana nezindlebe zemvubu.
Imihlathi ihlangene iya phambili, kukhona isichibi esifubeni esifubeni ngaphambili, kodwa sincane kakhulu kunalokho esijwayele ukukubona engulubeni ejwayelekile. Cishe azikho izinwele esikhunjeni, okungenani ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile ze- "Sulaway". Ama-bristles amancane abonakalayo anombala ompunga.
Isikhumba uqobo lwaso sivame ukuba mpunga noma umbala onsundu ngokugqamile ngombala, sishwabene kakhulu, futhi ngokungafani nezinye izingulube, sibuthaka kakhulu. Izinja zokuzingela zasendaweni ziluma ngayo ngaphandle komzamo. Imilenze mide impela futhi mincane. Futhi umehluko wangaphandle omangalisa kakhulu ukuthi unamazinyo amane. Amabili emihlathini engezansi, amabili ngaphezulu.
Abesilisa bagqama ikakhulukazi ngalo mqondo. Futhi zinezinsimbi ezinkulu eziphansi, kanti ezingenhla zigqame kakhulu. Basika isikhumba somhlathi ongaphezulu ezinhlangothini zombili zekhala futhi bakhule baye phezulu, futhi ekugcineni bagoqele emuva, ngqo enhloko yesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-cleavers amadala, angakhula abe yisikhumba ekhanda, akhe indandatho evaliwe.
La mazinyo angajwayelekile acishe afane nohlobo lwezimpondo, ngakho-ke aqhutshelwa ukunika igama "inyamazane" kulesi silwane. Zikhula zifike kumasentimitha angama-26. Noma kunjalo, bathi babonile amaduna amadala anama-canine angafika kumasentimitha angama-40. Kungani kunzima ukuchaza ama-babiruses. Ekuboneni kokuqala, azinalusizo ngokuphelele esilwaneni, ngoba sisebenzisa imicu yayo ephansi cishe kuzo zonke izinhloso - zombili zizivikela futhi zizifunele ukudla.
Mhlawumbe lokhu kumane kuyisici sesibili socansi, manje esicasulayo nesiphazamisayo. Abesifazane "bakhululiwe" emthwalweni ongajwayelekile. Benze kuphela ama-incisors aphansi. Kunzima ukuchaza ukuthi ubukeka kanjani babirussa esithombeni... Mhlawumbe okuncane okufana ne-caricature yengulube yasendle, esikhule ngokungalindelekile amazinyo wesibili ngokungalindelekile. Kepha kunalokho - ungomunye wohlobo, umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ngazo zonke ezinye izilwane.
Izinhlobo
Izingulube, ngokungafani nomndeni wazo, zingabizwa ngaleli gama kuphela ngehaba elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa eqenjini labo elikhethekile le-taxonomic (isizwe) - isikhundla sesikhashana phakathi komndeni nohlobo, lapho bebodwa.
Kufanele sivume ukuthi azifundiswanga ngokuphelele, kodwa phezulu. Ososayensi baveze izinguqulo ezimbili mayelana nokubhalwa kwentela kwalolu hlobo - abanye bathi kungukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwayo, abanye bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-4 zalolu hlobo.
Ukucabanga okunjalo kusekelwe kokwehluka ngosayizi, ukwakheka kogebhezi namazinyo, ekubukekeni kwengubo ngisho nakumahluko othile wokudla. Ukuze singatholi izikhalazo kubo bobabili, siyavuma ukubheka ukuthi i-babirusa inezinhlobo ezi-4 zokuhleleka, noma izinhlanga ezi-4 (ukusebenzisa igama elisebenza kubantu).
- Babyrousa celebensis - Babirussa Sulaway noma celebesskaya. Lo mmeli akanazo nhlobo izinwele zomzimba futhi uhlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo yesiqhingi saseCelebes, ngaphandle kwaseningizimu.
- Babyrousa babyrussa - ifomu elijwayelekile (elijwayelekile) elihlala eziqhingini zaseBuru naseSulla. Ukuhlala esiQhingini saseBuru, nakho, kuhlanganisa kukodwa amaqenjana ama-2 - enesikhumba esikhanyayo esinamazinyo amancane we-canine (abizwa ngokuthi "izingulube ezimhlophe"), futhi nesikhumba esimnyama nemigqomo emikhulu enamandla. Leli qembu lokugcina labizwa ngabomdabu ngokuthi "ingulube-inyamazane". Izinwele zinde futhi zimangele, zimhlophe, igolide, ukhilimu futhi zimnyama bhuqe
- Bayous bolabatuensis - akuvamile ukuhlukaniswa ngokwehlukana ukusuka eningizimu yesiqhingi saseCelebes.
- Babyrousa togeanensis - ingulube evela eziqhingini zaseTogo. Ijazi lelo lide, liphuzi ngokumnyama, nsundu noma limnyama.
- Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule, bekukhona olunye uhlobo lwe-babiruss (USus umabhebhana). Wahlangana eMpumalanga India.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UBabirusa uhlala kuphela eziqhingini eziningi zase-Indonesia, ikakhulukazi iSulawesi (Celebes). Yize sekuvele kunabambalwa kakhulu kunakuqala, lapho bahlala sonke isiqhingi. Manje sezingabonakala kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yesiqhingi, kuyo yonke insimu abahlangana nayo kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Futhi, inani elincane labantu litholakala kwezinye iziqhingi eziseduze. Phakathi kwabo, kufanele kuqashelwe lowo ohlala esiqhingini saseBuru. Uyehluka kubo bonke abanye ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kepha ngaphezulu kwalokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lala ma-gilts lehle kakhulu, futhi liyaqhubeka nokwehla ngokuqhubekayo.
Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa kwendawo yemvelo ye-babirussa - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphandle kokuthi isilwane sesivele sifakiwe ku-IUCN Red List of Vulnerability, siyaqhubeka nokuzingelwa ngabomdabu kanye nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Kakhulu kungenxa yenyama emnandi namazinyo amnandi.
IBabirussa ivame kakhulu eziqhingini zase-Indonesia
Ngemuva kwakho konke, isikhumba sakhe, njengoba sishilo, sibuthakathaka, futhi asimeleli inani elikhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, akukho ngaphezu kuka-4,000 wabo endle. KumaCelebes, bazama ukudala izindawo ezivikelayo ezindaweni zalesi silwane. Kodwa-ke, inqubo iqhubeka kancane ngenxa yokushoda kwemali nokungafinyeleleki kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Mhlawumbe, umbuzo wokuba khona okungokwemvelo kwe-babirussa ngokwemvelo kungenzeka uvele kungekudala. Kuyaqinisa nje kancane ukuthi zisinda kahle ema-zoo, futhi ziyakwazi nokuzala. Uma uzibandakanya kakhulu ekuzalaneni kwabathunjwa, ungasithuthukisa isimo kancane, yize kuhamba kancane.
Ukuthi bahlala kanjani, ngokuba sezimweni zabo zomdabu nezikhululekile, kuze kube manje akucwaningiswanga kangako. Kunzima kakhulu ukufika ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Bakhetha amahlathi omanzi anenhlabathi eyixhaphozi nemibhede yomhlanga. Eziqhingini ezincane, zivame ukutholakala eduze nolwandle.
Izilwane ezivela esiQhingini saseBuru ngokuvamile zithanda ukukhuphukela phezulu kancane ezintabeni, lapho kunezindawo ezinamatshe khona, izindawo eziwugwadule ezinamadwala. Balala ematsheni abushelelezi baphumule elangeni. Zitholakala ngawodwana nangamaqembu aphelele, kepha ikakhulukazi kuma-broods.
Leli qembu limelela abesifazane abaningana kanye nenzalo yabo. Imvamisa inani lamalungu omndeni alidluli kubantu abayi-13-15. Abesilisa bavame ukuhlukaniswa. Ukulunywa okudala ikakhulukazi, okuthi, ngokusobala ngenxa yemvelo yabo embi, imvamisa bahlala bodwa. Umbono ophelele ungangezwa ngokuwabuka ema-zoo.
Uma kunethuba lokubheka hhayi umuntu oyedwa, kepha umndeni noma umhlambi, ungezwa ukuthi bahlala kanjani "bekhuluma", bashintshana ngeminye imisindo ehlukahlukene. "Ulimi lwesigodi" lwe-babirussa lufana kakhulu "nolimi" lwezinye izingulube - nazo ziyakhwishiza, zibhonge, zihlanze, njll.
Okunye okunye lezi zidalwa ezihluke kakhulu kuzingulube yindlela ezigeza ngayo. Bathanda ukubhukuda. Kepha abathandi amadaka angcolile, njengezingulube zasekhaya. Bakhetha amanzi ahlanzekile, asebenza ngaphezulu. Engxenyeni eshisayo yosuku, ngenjabulo bazicwilisa kuwo futhi balale lapho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-babirussi ibhukuda kahle futhi iyakwazi ukubhukuda iwele imifula ebanzi hhayi kuphela, kepha ngisho namatheku amancane olwandle. Futhi bathatha okugeza okujwayelekile "kwengulube", kepha hhayi udaka, kepha okugeza isihlabathi. Imibhede ye-babirussa ayihlonyiwe ngamata athambile amaqabunga notshani, bakhetha ukulala ngqo emhlabathini.
Bazivumelanisa ngokushesha nokuthunjwa, bangakwazi ukuthanjiswa. Bazizwa kamnandi, kuphela badinga ukondliwa ikakhulukazi ukudla kwezitshalo, hhayi ukudla okujwayelekile kwezingulube. Izinzuzo zabo kunezinye izingulube:
- ukuvikeleka ezifweni eziningi eziyingozi ezingulubeni,
- ukubekezelela ukushisa kangcono,
- ngomoya ophansi phendula umswakama ophezulu.
Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, abantu boMdabu baseNdiya bahlala bebagcina endlini. Kodwa-ke, awavamile kakhulu, ngoba anenzalo encane.
Inani le-babiruss lehla ngokushesha ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuphazamiseka kwabantu ezindaweni ezihlala izilwane
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isilwane saseBabirusa imifino ngezinga elikhulu. Kungathiwa idla ngokufana nenyamazane. Lokhu kungenye yezici zayo eziyinhloko nokwehluka kwezingulube ezejwayelekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyaziwa ukuthi izingulube ezifuywayo azikwazi ukondla utshani namaqabunga, aqukethe ifayibha. Abakwazi nje ukusikhipha isisu.
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-babirussa luseduze nalolo lwezilwane ezikhanyayo futhi lucubungula kalula i-fiber. Abazigebheli phansi ukuze bambe izimpande, kodwa bacosha kuphela okukhona, okubizwa ngedlelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abanathambo le-rostral emakhaleni, ikhala lithambile, futhi inhlabathi evulekile kuphela etholakalayo kubo.
Ngokuningiliziwe, imenyu yakhe ifaka amantongomane, izimpande, amakhambi, noma yisiphi isithelo. Iphinda futhi idle amaqabunga amancane ezihlahleni, futhi ithande izinhlobo ezithile ezithile. Kodwa-ke, angadla nokudla kwamaprotheni: izibungu, izinambuzane, ama-vertebrate amancane. Kepha kungukungezwa "okumnandi" ekudleni okususelwa ezitshalweni.
Izingulube kuphela ezihlala esiQhingini saseBuru zivame ukuza ogwini lolwandle emanzini asezingeni elincane bese zicosha izidalwa zasolwandle ezisele esihlabathini. Izingulube ezivela kulesi siqhingi ngokuvamile zinesilinganiso esiphakeme sokudla kwamagagasi aphezulu naphansi. Ngesikhathi samanzi aphezulu, aphumula, igagasi alibaniki ithuba lokufuna ukudla ogwini. Ukufika okuphansi kuza - isikhathi sokudla siqala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi cishe ezinyangeni eziyishumi ubudala. Owesifazane uyakwazi ukwelula uhlobo lohlobo izinsuku ezi-2-3 kuphela ngonyaka, ngakho owesilisa udinga ukushesha ngempela ngomzuzu wokukhwelana. Inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ithwalwa omama kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-155 kuya kwezingu-158. Lezi zingulube zinezindlala ezimbili kuphela zamabele, ngakho-ke zizala amazinyane amabili.
Zincane kakhulu izingane ezintathu, futhi noma kunjalo eyodwa yazo ngokuvamile ayiphili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kudoti owodwa, izingane zihlala zingabobulili obufanayo. Izingulube azinayo imivimbo yesici emzimbeni, njengezinye izingulube. Ingulube ngayinye inesisindo cishe esingu-800 g futhi icishe ibe ngu-20 cm ngosayizi.
Ingulube yasendle babirussa Okwamanje lapho wondla inzalo ngokoqobo "ubalekela endle", uba nolaka futhi avikele izingane zakhe engcupheni engaba khona. Ububula ngokusobala bese ecofa amazinyo njengenja. Ekhohlwa ngokuqapha, uyakwazi ukugxumela ngisho nasemuntwini uma ebonakala eyingozi kuye.
Umzali wondla amantshontsho ngobisi isikhathi esingangenyanga, ngemuva kwalokho aqale ukufuna ukudla eyedwa. IBabirussa ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-24, kepha lokhu kuvame ukuthunjwa; endle, bavame ukuphatha ukufinyelela kuma-10-12.
Ubulongwe baseBabirusa buncane kakhulu ngesibalo, isilwane siletha iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili
Ingozi kubantu
Ukubukeka kwabo kungavusa umqondo wobungozi kubantu. Ngempela, uma ungazi ukuthi luhlobo luni lwesilwane, ungaluthatha njengesilo esingaziwa esiyingozi, okuyisiko lokwethusa abantu ngalo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, konke kwehlukile. Ngumuntu oyingozi kakhulu kubo. Nabo ngokwabo bazama ukugwema ukuhlangana naye.
Ngokwemvelo, kube nokuhlaselwa kwezingulube zasendle kubantu, kepha akulona iqiniso ukuthi lezi bekungama-babiruses. Lezi zingulube zingadala uhlobo oluthile losongo kuphela ngesikhathi sokondla nokukhulisa inzalo.
Ukuzingela uBabirusa
Uma uvakashela iziqhingi zase-Indonesia, ungahlinzekwa ngenyama yengulube ye-babiruss njengento exotic ezimakethe zendawo. Futhi akuyona nje izingulube ezikhuliswe ekhaya. Ngeshwa, aboMdabu baseNdiya bayaqhubeka nokuzingela ngisho namanje, yize kunqatshelwe ngokuqinile. Abamiswa ukwehla okuyinhlekelele kwenani lalezi zilwane ezingavamile.
Ukuzingela uBabirusa zilungiselela kusengaphambili, zibeka amanetha nezicupho ezindleleni okungenzeka zigijime izingulube. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lwezinja, izingulube zifakwa ezintweni ezihlelwe ngaphambilini. Kukhona nezicupho ezinkulu, njengezicupho zomgodi, ezibekwa isikhathi eside. Noma iziphi izindlela zokuzingela azikwazi ukubizwa ngobuntu, futhi uma isilwane sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ukuzingela kufana necala.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Abomdabu besiqhingi saseCelebes banezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene ezihlotshaniswa ne-babirussa. Isibonelo, omunye wabo uzama ukuchaza ukuthi kungani lesi sidalwa sidinga ama-incisor angajwayelekile. Njengokungathi ubambelela emagatsheni nazo, zilenga, ngakho-ke zihlala ku-limbo. Eqinisweni, akekho noyedwa owake wabona le ngulube ilenga esihlahleni.
- Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi owesilisa babirusa uphila kuze kube yilapho amazinyo ehlaba ekhanda lakhe, futhi ukuze abambezele lo mzuzu, uhlala ecija futhi ebafinyela ezindaweni ezinzima.
- Ngasizathu simbe, abazingeli bendawo esiQhingini saseBuru banesiqiniseko sokuthi le ngulube kufanele ibanjwe lapho yehla ngentaba. Sengathi angagijima ngokushesha nje, akakwazi ukwehla, ngoba ngalesi sikhundla somzimba, izitho zangaphakathi zicindezela amaphaphu akhe futhi azimvumeli ukuba aphefumule.
- Enye inguqulo ethokozisayo ukuthi isheduli yosuku lwale ngulube incike ezigabeni zenyanga. Kepha kulokhu, mhlawumbe, singakhuluma kuphela ngezilwane ezivela esiQhingini saseBuru. Yibo abasabela ekwehleni nasekugelezeni kolwandle, okuthi, njengoba wazi, kuhlotshaniswa neNyanga. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukudla kwabo kuncike kuyo, abakuthola osebeni ngemuva kokuphuma kwamanzi.
- Abafundi abanakile nabathandi bemisebenzi kaJules Verne kungenzeka bakuqaphelile ukushiwo kwalesi silwane encwadini ethi "Amaligi Amashumi Amabili Ayizinkulungwane Ngaphansi KoLwandle." USolwazi Pierre Aronax wagcina ibabirusa futhi wayekhathazekile ngokumnakekela ngesikhathi eseside isikhathi engekho.
- E-Indonesia, ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kwe-babiruss kukhuthaza abantu ukuthi benze imaski yamademoni, futhi isilwane uqobo singaba isipho sesivakashi.
