Isilwane esincane kakhulu, ngaphandle esifana negundane elivela emakhathuni, nangokuziphatha kwalo njengesikwele esincane, indlu yokulala ye-hazel.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, le ntelezi encane ibitholakala kusukela eBaltic kuya esifundeni iVolga, kodwa namuhla kulula ukuyibona indlu yokulala ye-hazel phakathi Incwadi Ebomvukunokuhamba epaki noma esigcawini. Isimo esifanayo nenani lalezi zilwane siyabonakala emhlabeni wonke.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-hazel dormouse
I-Mushlovka noma i-hazel dormouse, akusilo igundane noma ingwejeje. Lesi silwane sinomndeni waso - "sleepyheads", esingeqembu elikhulu lamagundane. Ngisho kuqhubeke isithombe se-hazel dormouse kuyabonakala ukuthi mncane kakhulu. Ngempela, kuwo wonke ama-sleepyheads, lolu hlobo lincane kakhulu. Ubukhulu besilwane kuphela:
- kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 cm ubude, ngaphandle komsila;
- ubude bomsila ngebhulashi kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 cm;
- isisindo kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 amagremu.
Ukuziqhenya okukhulu nesici salezi dormouse yizintshebe zazo, ubude bezintshebe bufinyelela ku-40-45% wobude besilwane buphelele. Ngokuqondene nombala, izilwane zibukeka njengezicucu zelanga ezifihlwe emahlamvu ezihlahla, zinezingubo ezibomvu, ama-ocher, yonke imibala efudumele enelanga, kanti ibhulashi lomsila lihlala limnyama kunomzimba uqobo, futhi isisu nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwemilenze alula ...
Ezincwadini ezinemifanekiso izithombe zehazel dormouse okuvame ukuvezwa emagatsheni ezihlahla, athembeke ngokuphelele, ngoba izilwane zihlala emahlathini axubekile futhi anqabile aseYurophu, aqala eningizimu yeGreat Britain futhi agcina ngesifunda esisezansi seVolga, futhi ihlala enyakatho neTurkey.
Okuwukuphela kweSpain, lapho i-muslin ingahlali khona futhi ingakaze iphile. Lezi zilwane zihlala emahlathini anomhlonyane ocebile, zikhetha ukwanda kwe:
- rose okhalweni;
- hazel;
- i-viburnum;
- inyoni cherry;
- i-rowan;
- isihlahla se-okhi;
- umlotha;
- linden.
Lezi zihlahla nezihlahlana zinikeza i-dormouse ukudla ezikudinga kakhulu. Ama-dormouse coniferous forest adlula, kepha uma ngaphakathi kwehlathi likaphayini kunezindawo ezinezihlahla ezinqabayo noma ukususwa okunezihlahla ezikhula kakhulu, izilwane zihlala ngokuzithandela endaweni enjalo.
Futhi, isici salezi zilwane isimo sabo sengqondo esizolile ngabantu, isibonelo, kwanele Amaqiniso Athandekayo mayelana indlu yokulala ye-hazel ingatholakala cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yezingadi yesifunda saseYaroslavl. Kukuyo, endaweni yezwe lethu, lapho inani elikhulu kakhulu lalezi zilwane lisindile endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ama-sleepyheads asebenza kakhulu ezindlini zezinyoni, ahlala ophahleni nangaphansi kophahla lwezindlu zasemaphandleni futhi athanjiswa kalula ngokoqobo ngenkathi yasehlobo, okusiza kakhulu emikhombeni yokudla. Kuvamile ukuthi izakhamizi zasehlobo zithathe izilwane eze ngale ndlela emafulethini asedolobheni ebusika.
I-dormouse ibekezeleleka kahle ekuthunjweni, futhi ukugcinwa kwesilwane akuhlukile nokuba ne-hamster noma ingulube ye-Guinea, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi izilwane zihamba ebusuku.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-hazel dormouse
I-dormouse inokuphila kokuhlala phansi, ngoba isilwane ngasinye insimu yaso ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane "bahamba" ezindaweni zabo kuphela, ubukhulu bazo ngokwesilinganiso busuka ku-0.6 kuye ku-0.5 hectares, futhi abesilisa nabo bahamba ngale kwemingcele yezimpahla zabo eziseduze, ezinendawo eyi-0.7 kuya ku-1 hectare.
Umsebenzi we-Dormouse uqala hhayi ebusuku, kepha kusihlwa, ngaphambi nje kokuhwalala kokuqala futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kuse. Emini, izilwane ziyalala, zigobe esidlekeni, okuthe, ngokuvamile, zathola igama lazo - indlu yokulala.
Isilwane ngasinye sinezindlu eziningana ezihlala unomphela esizeni ngasinye. Uma isidleke sakhiwe yi-dormouse uqobo, khona-ke ubukhulu bayo buba kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-20 cm, benziwa ngamahlumela, ubulembu, izindwani zotshani namaqabunga, aboshwe ngokuphepha ngamathe edormouse uqobo, anokunamathela okuphezulu. Ukuphakama kwendawo akukaze kwehle kunemitha futhi kungaphezulu kwamabili.
Kodwa-ke, ama-musher awathandeki futhi ahlala ngokuzithandela emigodini nasezidlekeni zabanye abantu, kwesinye isikhathi ngenkani "bexosha" lapho izithupha, ondlunkulu, ama-redstarts nabanye abanikazi "abasemthethweni".
Ngokuqondene nomlingiswa, izinhloko zokulala zingamasizungu. Ngama-congener, ahlangana kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana, futhi noma kunjalo hhayi njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane azesabi futhi zifuna ukwazi kakhulu, ngezinga elithile, zikhohliseka kalula futhi zinobungane, okwenza, ngokubanzi, ukuthambisa kwazo kube lula.
Ebusika, ama-sleepyheads alala ubusika, besebenzisa imigodi engaphansi komhlaba yalokhu, okuyinto abangakaze bazimbe yona, bekhetha izindlu ezindala zamanye amagundane. Isikhathi sokulala ubusika buyehluka ngezinga lokushisa futhi imvamisa sithatha u-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-15, ama-muskets awela kozelayo ngisho nasehlobo. Kepha ezingeni lokushisa elizinzile ngaphezu kwalolu phawu, azidingi ukulala nhlobo.
Azenzi amasheya asebusika, kepha afaka ngokucophelela imink yobusika sonke isikhathi sehlobo, kuyo yonke iminithi yamahhala, okungekho kangako, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abondla izingane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Noma indlu yokulala ye-hazel futhi odla imifino kuphela, kepha akasoze adlula ngamaqanda ezinyoni noma isibungu. Isisekelo sokudla kwesilwane, noma kunjalo, yilesi:
- izithelo;
- amajikijolo;
- imbewu;
- ama-acorn;
- ama-chestnut;
- okusanhlamvu;
- i-clover;
- amantongomane e-linden.
Uma intwasahlobo isanda kuqala futhi ifudumele, okungukuthi, izilwane zivuka kusenesikhathi ngokwanele, khona-ke ukudla kwazo kungamahlumela amancane, amahlumela kanye namahlumela ezitshalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo ye-hazel dormouse
Isikhathi sokuphila indlu yokulala ye-hazel kuncane kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, izilwane ziphila kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwemithathu, kepha-ke, lapho zigcinwa ekuthunjweni, iminyaka yazo ivame ukudlula iminyaka eyi-6-7.
Izinga lokushona kwabantu alithinteki ngokuba khona kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngoba i-dormouse ayidli muntu, okungajwayelekile ukuthi ibe yisisulu sengozi. Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila nezinga lokufa eliphakeme kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow, lidlula u-70%, libangelwa imvelo nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa.
Izilwane zikhwelana phakathi nenkathi yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo, lapho insikazi ingaletha udoti obili, ehlobo elifudumele kakhulu - amalitha ama-3. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22 kuya kwezingu-25, izingane ezincelisayo - izinsuku ezingama-25 kuya kwezingu-30.
Kodwa-ke, uma ihlobo kuvele ukuthi liyabanda futhi lina, ama-musher awahlangani nhlobo, ancamela ukungayi kude nezindlu zawo.
USonya uzalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenakusizwa ngokuphelele, baba njengesilwane esincane ngosuku lwe-18-20 lokuphila kwabo. UMuslovki ngabazali abahle; azibanga khona izimo zokudla komama kunoma iyiphi i-zoo noma kubanikazi bezilwane abazimele. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi emvelweni, izinhloko zokulala azizibulali izingane.
Ama-sleepyheads angena empilweni ezimele enezinsuku ezingama-35-40 ubudala, noma kunjalo, izingane ezisuka kudoti wephuzile noma ezingatholanga insimu yazo ziya ebusika kanye nonina.
Incazelo ye-hazel dormouse bekungeke kube okuphelele ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi lezi zilwane azizizwa kahle njengezilwane ezifuywayo kuphela futhi zithanjiswa kalula, zishintshana amahlathi ngokuzithandela zenzelwe indawo yezinyoni efulethini, kepha sezikhuliswe isikhathi eside futhi zathengiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kukhona namakilabhu ezithandwa zazo kanye nemizamo yasekuqaleni yokuzala izinhlobo ezintsha zama nzalo nezinhlobo.
Thenga i-hazel dormouse, owazalelwa ekhaya, ungakwenza ngesikhangiso, noma ezinkundleni ezikhethekile zabalandeli balezi zilwane, noma ezitolo zezilwane. Intengo yezingane ihluka kusuka kuma-ruble angu-230 kuya ku-2000.
