Uvemvane lokusa - omunye wabamele umndeni omhlophe. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies amaningana, futhi zonke zibhekwa njengokushona. Uvemvane lunamagama amaningana. Ingatholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi Aurora, i-whitewash enezinkuni ezimfushane noma inhliziyo yokusa. Isibongo singenxa yobuhlobo obuseduze besinambuzane nesitshalo semifula esinegama elifanayo. Ibeka amaqanda kuwo, amacimbi azalelwa kuwo futhi asebenzise ingxenye ethile yomjikelezo wempilo yawo. Uvemvane lokusa lubhekwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu futhi entekenteke kunazo zonke izimvemvane ezikhona.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Butterfly Dawn
I-Aurora ingeyizinambuzane ze-arthropod, ukuhleleka kukaLepidoptera, umndeni wezimvemvane zabamhlophe. Uvemvane luyilungu lomndeni omncane we-pierinae, uhlobo lwe-anthocharis, uhlobo lokuntwela kokusa. Uvemvane lokusa sekuyisikhathi eside lubhekwa njengesimo somusa, inkimbinkimbi nobucayi. Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zasendulo zaseRussia, uvemvane luvela ngesimo sikankulunkulukazi wokusa, okuletha ukukhanya kwemini. UCarl Linnaeus wayehileleke ekuchazeni uvemvane, isifundo sendlela yokuphila nemijikelezo yaso.
Izazi ze-paleontologists zithi izimvemvane ziphakathi kwezidalwa ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukutholwa okudala kakhulu kokhokho bezimvemvane zesimanje kubonisa ukuthi zazikhona eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-200 edlule. Zivele ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunezinhlobo zasendulo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Ngokwalokho okutholakele, ngokubukeka, izimvemvane zasendulo zazifana nenundu. Lokhu kutholwa kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lwavela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50-70 eminyakeni edlule kunalokho ososayensi ababecabanga ekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni, odokotela bezinyoni babophela isikhathi sokuvela kwezimvemvane nesikhathi sabantu bomhlaba abanezitshalo zezimbali, njengomthombo wokudla oyinhloko wezimvemvane.
Ividiyo: Butterfly Dawn
Obunye ubufakazi bokuthi izimvemvane zavela ngaphambi kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo ukutholwa kososayensi nomcwaningi waseJalimane, uVan De Schötbrüge. Usosayensi nethimba lakhe bathole endaweni yaseJalimane izinhlayiya zezinhlobo eziqinile zomhlaba ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200 ubudala. Ngesikhathi kucwaningwa lawa matshe, izinsalela zesikali samaphiko ezinvemvane zasendulo zakudala zatholakala kuwo. Lezi zinhlobo zazikhona eMhlabeni isikhathi esifushane. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Triassic, amanani abo anciphe kakhulu ngenxa yomswakama onganele.
Ososayensi abashiyi ngaphandle ukuthi kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwakhiwa khona i-proboscis phakathi kokhokho basendulo bezimvemvane, okwakwenza bakwazi ukuqoqa amaconsi amancane amazolo. Ngemuva kwalokho, abantu balolu hlobo lwezimvemvane bavela, bathola ukubukeka okufana nezinhlobo zesimanje futhi bafunda ukusebenzisa i-proboscis ukuthola umthombo oyinhloko wokudla - umpe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Butterfly Aurora
Ukusa akukukhulu kakhulu. Inamaphiko amane. Iphiko lamaphiko lincane - lilingana no-48 - 50 mm. Ubungako be-forewing ngu-23-25 mm. Ubude bomzimba womuntu oyedwa bungamasentimitha ayi-1.7-1.9.Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngomlomo zimelelwa yiproboscis. Ikhanda elincane linezimpondo ezimbili ngaphezulu. Izimpondo zimpunga, ekugcineni kwazo ngamunye kunobuhlalu besiliva.
Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lubonisa ukufiphala kocansi. Kwabesilisa, kunezinwele ezimpunga eziphuzi ekhanda nasesifubeni. Kwabesifazane, lezi zinwele ziyimpunga emnyama. Futhi, abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukaniswa kalula ngombala wamaphiko, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yabo engenhla. Kwabesilisa inombala omhlophe-olintshi, kwabesifazane imhlophe. Amathiphu ephiko amnyama kwabesifazane, amhlophe kwabesilisa. Uhlangothi olungaphakathi lwamaphiko okuntwela kokusa, kungakhathalekile ubulili, lunombala oluhlaza okotshwe ngokuxakile ongajwayelekile.
Umbala okhanyayo, ogcwele ucwebezela ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sendiza namaphiko. Futhi, ngosizo lwamaphiko akhanyayo anjalo, abesilisa baheha abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Okwamanje lapho uvemvane lusonga amaphiko alo, lungalahleka kalula phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza futhi luhlale lungabonakali.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuba khona kwezindawo ezi-orenji ezikhanyayo ezimpikweni kuxwayisa izinyoni zezilwane ukuthi lesi sinambuzane singaba nobuthi, ngalokho sizithuse.
Isibungu esiphuma ku-cocoon sinombala oluhlaza okotshani onamachashazi amnyama. Ingxenye yekhanda lomzimba inombala oluhlaza okotshani, ocishe ucijwe, ngemuva kukhona umugqa okhanyayo. Iziphungumangathi zinesimo esibushelelezi, esime kahle sombala oluhlaza okomnyama noma onsundu ngemivimbo elula ezinhlangothini.
Umzimba wezimvemvane umbozwe izimpondo, umbala wazo ohlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kwabesilisa baba mpunga ngombala ophuzi, kwabesifazane bansundu. Usayizi womzimba nombala kungahluka kancane ngokuya ngendawo ohlala kuyo. Umbala ubuswa mhlophe.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane lokusa?
Isithombe: Ukusa kwe-Butterfly jaundice
I-Core dawn itholakala ikakhulu ensimini yamahlathi, amasimu, izimfunda nama-steppes. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Bathanda ukuhlala emahlathini aseduze nemithombo yamanzi. Abazibekezeleli izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esomile futhi bazama ukuzigwema. Izimvemvane zingandiza ziye emapaki nasezikweleni zedolobha.
Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lungatholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Eurasia. Zitholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ezindaweni ezingezona ezishisayo zase-Asia. Isifunda esihlala abantu sisuka ogwini loLwandle iBarents ukusuka entshonalanga kuye e-Ural polar kusuka empumalanga. Ensimini yeNhlonhlo yaseKolm, izimvemvane zihlotshaniswa ne-anthropogenic meadow biotopes.
Izimvemvane zithanda izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ezizama ukugwema izindawo eziwugwadule, kanye nezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesomile ngokweqile. Bathanda ukuhlala endaweni yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, imiphetho yamahlathi evulekile, amadlelo anokukhanya okuhle.
Izifunda ezindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwezinambuzane:
- ESiberia;
- ITransbaikalia;
- EMpumalanga Ekude;
- China;
- EJapan;
- EScotland;
- EScandinavia;
- izifunda eziseningizimu yeSpain;
- insimu yalo lonke elaseYurophu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kukhona abesilisa abakwaziyo ukumboza ibanga elikhulu ngokwanele befuna ukudla, noma abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Okuvame kakhulu entwasahlobo eMpumalanga Yurophu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu kubonakala kusukela maphakathi noMashi futhi kundiza kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho - kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi kundiza cishe kuze kuphele isikhathi sehlobo.
Idla ini uvemvane lokusa?
Isithombe: I-Butterfly Dawn evela eRed Book
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla umpe wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Bayithola nge-proboscis. Izimvemvane zikhetha ukuqoqa impova ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene kuya ngesigaba somjikelezo wazo wempilo.
Izimvemvane zikhetha izimbali zezimbali ezilandelayo:
- izimbali zezinja ze-violet;
- i-primrose;
- ama-inflorescence we-oregano;
- izingubo zokuhlwa.
Izibungu zithanda ukuzitika nge:
- uhlaza oluluhlaza lwamahlumela amancane;
- idlelo core.
Izibungu zithanda izinhlobo zezitshalo zezitshalo zeklabishi ezikhula endle:
- ugaliki;
- isikhwama sikamalusi;
- ukudlwengula;
- izintambo;
- i-walker;
- i-reseda.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla iqukethe izinhlobo zezimila zezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, izimvemvane zithanda ukudla impova noju oluvela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. UDawn uthathwa njengesinambuzane esicishe sibe omnivorous. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi udla inani elikhulu lokudla, yize elincane kakhulu.
Bajwayele ukuququda cishe yonke into ethathwa njengokudla kwalolu hlobo lwesinambuzane. Ukuze isinambuzane sidlule emjikelezweni ogcwele wokukhula kwaso, nesiphungumangathi sikhule ngokugcwele, kuyadingeka ukuthi sidle kanzima. Ubumnandi bezimvemvane impova, umpe kanye ne-inflorescence yezinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo, eziqukethe ushukela.
Abesifazane bahlala futhi bondle phakathi nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila esifundeni esifanayo. Kuvamile ukuthi abesilisa bahambe amabanga amade beyofuna ukudla lapho kudingeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Butterfly Dawn eRussia
Isikhathi sasehlobo sokusa okuyisisekelo siqala kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi nehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sinambuzane sifuna izithandani bese sizala inzalo. Lezi zinhlobo zezimvemvane zivame ukushona; baphumula ebusuku. Izinambuzane zikhetha izindawo ezinokushisa okuningi nelanga. Uma bezithola befunda ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esimanzi, esibandayo noma esome kakhulu, kungenzeka bafe ngaphambi kokuba bazale kabusha. Umjikelezo wokukhula ogcwele kusuka eqandeni kuye ekuvuthweni kwesinambuzane esidala esigcwele uhlala cishe unyaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi socwaningo, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umjikelezo wokuphila kovemvane lokusa ungathathwa njengokuzalwa kabusha okuqhubekayo. Isibungu sivela eqandeni, esiphenduka sibe yisiphungumangathi, bese kuba imago, umuntu omdala, kuphinde kube neqanda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umuntu omdala ngokuphelele uphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili!
Isigaba esiyinhloko somjikelezo wempilo sibizwa ngesibungu. Njengoba kungalesi sikhathi lapho kufanele iqoqe inani eliphakeme lezakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni okugcwele kwazo zonke ezinye izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo. Izimvemvane zalolu hlobo zinokuthula impela, akujwayelekile ukuthi zibonise ulaka ezihlotsheni zazo, azincintisani. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane aluyona eyingozi, ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezindaweni lapho zivame kakhulu, abantu abalwi nazo.
Abesifazane bavame ukutholakala endaweni ethile, abesilisa babonakala ngokwazi ukufuduka, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwamabanga amade, futhi bakhuphuke nezintaba ezifika kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Butterfly Aurora
Isikhathi sokuzalela nokubekela amaqanda i-Aurora kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sehlobo elisebenzayo le-Aurora, umuntu ngamunye uqala ukubheka umbhangqwana ofanele. Abasebenza kakhulu kulokhu ngabesilisa. Bayaphikelela ekuthatheni isinyathelo, beshela futhi beshaya abesifazane. Abesilisa bathambekele ekuboniseni izimpiko ezi-orenji ezikhanyayo, beheha abesifazane ukuze babakhethele ukukhwelwa.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda. Owesifazane oyedwa ubeka iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Ngaphambilini, ukhetha imbali efanelekayo yalokhu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwesibungu, angadla izitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda, umuntu wesifazane ufafaza ama-pheromone akhethekile esitshalweni esikhethiwe, okukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sesivele sihlala.
Isibungu siqala ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-15. Lesi sikhathi siwela kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi nenyanga yokuqala yehlobo. Izibungu, ziphenduke izibungu, ziqala ukudla ngenkuthalo konke okungadliwa: ezinamanzi, amahlamvu aluhlaza, imbewu, izimbali, amaqanda. Isibungu siluhlaza okotshani sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namachashazi amnyama umzimba wonke. Isici esihlukile sibuye sibe nolayini omhlophe ngemuva. IMolt yenzeka kane emavikini ama-5-6 alandelayo.
Izibungu zesizukulwane sakamuva zehla esiqwini sesitshalo zishaye ngentambo ekhethekile. Esigabeni sokuphila ngesimo se-pupa, i-aurora isengozini enkulu. Isiphungumangathi esivelayo sinesimo sesigaxa esiluhlaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, iba mnyama futhi icishe ibe nsundu. Kuleli fomu, cishe lihlangana nohlaza olomile, olufana nameva noma i-pod ebunile. Kanjalo, i-aurora ilinda ubusika obubandayo. Uma isiqu sesitshalo okuxhunywe kuso isiphungumangathi sonakele noma siphukile, nakanjani sizokufa. Cishe izinyanga eziyi-10 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwesiphungumangathi, kuvela imago.
Izitha zemvelo zovemvane lokusa
Isithombe: Butterfly Dawn
Ezimweni zemvelo, izimvemvane zinenani elikhulu lezitha. Basengozini enkulu cishe kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula kwabo, ngaphezu kovemvane oludala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyinkinga ukuthi izidumbu zibambe isinambuzane esibhakuzayo.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zovemvane lokusa:
- izinyoni. Bayizitha eziyinhloko eziyingozi kakhulu zokuntwela kokusa okuyisisekelo. Esigabeni sesibungu, zilusizo olukhethekile futhi zingumthombo wokudla oyinhloko wezinyoni. Izazi zezilwane zibala ukuthi yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni ezibhubhisa ama-25% wezimvemvane esiteji samaqanda noma izibungu;
- izicabucabu. Ziyingozi enkulu ezinambuzaneni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izicabucabu ezibamba izinambuzane ngemihlubulo yazo aziyingozi kangako kunezicabucabu ezidlayo;
- ama-mantises okuthandaza;
- izimpukane;
- iminyovu;
- abagibeli.
Umuntu udlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezinhlobo kanye nenani labantu base-Aurora. Ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu ngamabomu akathathi zinyathelo zokulwa nezinambuzane, wephula indawo yazo yemvelo. Izinguquko esimweni semvelo, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nakho kuthinta kabi inani lezinambuzane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Uvemvane lwe-Dawn ngokwemvelo
Namuhla, izazi ze-ornithologists ziyaqhubeka nokutadisha ngenkuthalo izici zokuphila kovemvane lwe-Aurora. Ezinye izikhathi zihlala ziyimfihlakalo engaxazululwa. Mayelana nalokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani eliqondile lalezi zinambuzane. I-Aurora ithathwa njengezilwane ezisengozini kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zaseRussia nasensimini enkulu yase-Ukraine. Umgogodla weZorka ubhalwe kuRed Book of Ukraine kanye nesifunda saseMoscow seRussian Federation.
Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokungcola kwemvelo nokuthuthuka komuntu kwengxenye eyandayo yensimu, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukufa nokuqothulwa kwezinambuzane. Isimo siba nzima ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kovemvane sihlala cishe unyaka, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi lesi sinambuzane sizala inzalo embalwa kanye kuphela. Uma ucabanga ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wokuphila kwayo, uvemvane lusengozini enkulu, ingxenye enkulu yezinambuzane ibhujiswa izitha zemvelo ize iphenduke umuntu omdala, ovuthiwe ngokocansi.
Ngaphezu kwazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, inani labantu lithonywe isikhunta, amagciwane we-pathogenic kanye nama-virus. Zonke lezi zinto ngokuhlangene ziholela ekwehleni kwesibalo samabundu okusa.
Dawn uvemvane unogada
Isithombe: I-Butterfly Dawn evela eRed Book
Umgogodla weZorka ubhalwe kuRed Book yamazwe amaningana, kufaka phakathi ezinye izifunda zeRussian Federation. Kuze kube manje, azikho izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihlose ukonga nokwandisa inani lezinhlobo.
Kulezo zifunda lapho inani le-Aurora liphansi kakhulu, kungavunyelwe ukushisa utshani nezimila ezomile, ngoba iziphungumangathi, ezigxilwe ezihlokweni ezomile, zifa ngamanani amakhulu. Futhi endaweni yaseRussia ne-Ukraine, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi anesimo sezulu esihle sokusa, kugcinwa endaweni yezinqolobane nezindawo ezivikelwe.
Endaweni yalawo madlelo, amasimu nama-steppes, kunconywa ukugunda kwemifino kamila. Ensimini yomhlaba wezolimo, amadlelo nezinsimu, kunconywa ukunciphisa inani lama-insecticide okubulala amakhemikhali asetshenzisiwe, okuholela ekufeni kwenqwaba yezinambuzane. Izazi ze-ornithologists futhi zincoma ukuhlwanyela utshani notshani obuqhakazayo ezindaweni ezingenawo umhlaba wezolimo.
Yilezi zinyathelo ezilula ezizosiza ukugcina inani elinciphayo lobuhle bemifula. Uvemvane i-aurora luyingxenye ebalulekile yezitshalo nezilwane. Akumangalisi ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo wayebhekwa njengomfanekiso wobumsulwa, ukukhanya nobuhle.Namuhla loluvemvane lobuhle olungavamile, olungavamile lunganyamalala ngokuphelele emazweni nasezifundeni eziningi. Umsebenzi womuntu ukuvimbela lesi simo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-22: 14
