Idada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu ngelomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada elibomvu
Idada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu lifinyelela osayizi kusuka ku-43 kuye ku-48 cm.
Izimpaphe zimnyama nsundu ngemivimbo emhlophe ngendlela yamazinyo onqenqemeni lwezimpaphe. Ekhanda kukhona ikepisi elimnyama, i-nape yombala ofanayo, ngokungafani nezimpaphe ezikhanyayo zobuso. Umlomo ubomvu ngokugqamile. Ngesikhathi sendiza, izimpaphe zokundiza zesibili zembala ophuzi ophuzi nomugqa omnyama oguqukayo phakathi kwazo ziyabonakala. Umbala wekhava yophaphe lwensikazi nowesilisa uyefana. Amadada amancane akhokhiswa abomvu anezimpaphe ezinde kunezinyoni ezindala.
Ukusabalala kwedada elibomvu
Idada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu litholakala empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika. Lenhlobo inebanga lelikhulu, lelifaka i-Angola, Botswana, iBurundi, iCongo, i-Djibouti, i-Eritrea. Uhlala e-Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia. Kutholakala eRwanda, eSomalia, eSouth Sudan, eSwaziland, eTanzania. Kusatshalaliswe e-Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Madagascar.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada elikhokhelwe elibomvu
Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu ahlala kakhulu noma ayimizulane, kepha angandiza amabanga amade, afinyelela ku-1800 km ngenkathi eyomile. Izinyoni eziboshwe eNingizimu Afrika zitholakale eNamibia, e-Angola, eZambia naseMozambique. Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu izinhlobo zezenhlalo neziphumayo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, futhi ngasekupheleni kwenkathi eyomile noma ekuqaleni kwemvula. Bakha amaqoqo amakhulu, lapho inani lezinyoni lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Umhlambi owodwa walinganiselwa ku-500,000 futhi wabonwa eLake Ngami eBotswana.
Esikhathini esomile, izinyoni ezindala zidlula esikhathini sokuncibilika kwezinsuku ezingama-24 - 28 futhi azikwazi ukunyuka ngephiko.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amadada akhokhiswa abomvu ahamba kakhulu ebusuku ngesikhathi semvula. Zidla emanzini angajulile, ziqoqa izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini emini bese zibhukuda phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini ebusuku.
Indawo yokuhlala yedada elibomvu
Amadada anekhanda elibomvu akhetha ama-biotopes angajulile wamanzi angenasawoti anenani elikhulu lezitshalo nezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezintanta emanzini angajulile. Izindawo ezifanelekile zisemachibini, emaxhaphozini, emifuleni emincane, echibini lesizini eliboshwe amadamu epulazi. Bahlala emachibini nasemasimini anezikhukhula okwesikhashana. Lolu hlobo lwedada lutholakala nasemhlabathini elayisi noma ezinye izitshalo, ikakhulukazi emasimini ezinhlanga, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlamvu ezingavuniwe.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, amadada akhokhiswa abomvu ahlala evela ngamanani amancane ezindaweni ezihlakazekile, ezomile, zesikhashana ezindaweni ezinesomiso, yize beqhubeka nenqubo futhi bahlala ikakhulu emizimbeni emikhulu evulekile yamanzi ezimileni ezikhulayo.
Ukondla idada elibomvu
Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu adla ezimileni zasemanzini noma emasimini ezinhlanga ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Lolu hlobo lwedada ludla omnivorous. Badla:
- okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo zezolimo, imbewu, izithelo, izimpande, ama-rhizomes neziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi ama-sedges;
- Ama-molluscs asemanzini, izinambuzane (ikakhulukazi amabhungane), ama-crustaceans, izibungu, onoshobishobi nezinhlanzi ezincane.
ENingizimu Afrika, ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinyoni zidla imbewu yezitshalo zasemhlabeni (amabele, amabele) ahlanganiswe nezinye ezingenamgogodla.
Ukuzalela idada elikhokhelwe elibomvu
Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu eNingizimu Afrika azala kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Isikhathi esivumayo kakhulu sisezinyangeni zasehlobo. Kepha isikhathi sokufaka izidleke singashintsha kuye ngezinga lamanzi kumadamu ngesikhathi semvula. Ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngesikhathi esimanzi. Ama-pair akha isikhathi eside, kepha hhayi bonke abantu abanobuhlobo obuhlala njalo.
Isidleke siwukucindezeleka enqwabeni yotshani futhi sitholakala phansi phakathi kwezimithi, ngokuvamile eduze kwamanzi.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uhlala eduzane nesidleke futhi avikele insikazi kanye ne-clutch. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayi-12. Ifukamela imikhuhlane kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-28. Amatshwele abamba ngokuphelele emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Ukugcina idada elibomvu liboshiwe
Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu agcinwa ezindaweni ezivalekile ehlobo. Usayizi omncane wekamelo cishe ngamamitha-skwele ama-3. Ebusika, lolu hlobo lwedada ludinga izimo ezikhululeke kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke, amadada akhokhiswa abomvu ahanjiswa endaweni yezindiza efriziwe, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla okungenani libe ngu- + 15 ° C. Ama-perches afakwe kusuka kumagatsha, ojantshi noma ama-perches. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka ikhonteyina ngamanzi asebenzayo noma avuselelwa njalo ezindizeni. Ezindaweni zokuphumula, babeka hay kusuka ezitshalweni ezibusayo.
Amadada akhokhiswa abomvu abondla okusanhlamvu kakolweni, ummbila, amabele, ibhali. Unganikeza i-oatmeal, i-bran bran, i-sunflower nesidlo se-soya. Izinhlanzi, utshani, inyama kanye nokudla kwethambo, amagobolondo amancane, ushoki, i-gammarus kusetshenziswa njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Ezikhathini zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo, ungondla izinyoni ngemifino ehlukahlukene - ulethisi, idandelion, ukhova. Izinyoni zikhula kahle ekudleni okumanzi okwenziwe izaqathe ezigayiwe ngokufaka i-bran nezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa nangesikhathi se-molting, amadada akhokhiswa abomvu anikezwa ngokwehlukana inyama nenhlanzi egayiwe. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luzwana nezinye izinhlobo zedada egumbini elilodwa nasechibini. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-30.
Isimo sokonga sedada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu
Idada elikhokhelwe ngokubomvu liyinhlobo esabalele ezindaweni zobubanzi balo. Ngokwemvelo, kuncipha kancane isibalo sabantu balezi zinhlobo, kepha akusheshi ukusheshisa ukuphakamisa izinsongo kudada onentengo ebomvu. Kukhona ingozi engaba khona kusukela ekuqothulweni kwezinambuzane i-Theromyzon cooperi ne-Placobdella garoui, ezithinta izinyoni futhi ziholele ekufeni.
EMadagascar, indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo isongelwa ukushintsha kwendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu libhekwa njengento yokudoba nokuzingela kwezemidlalo, okwenza umonakalo enanini lezinyoni. Ngokuya ngemibandela esemqoka esebenza ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile, idada elikhokhiswe ngokubomvu aliweli esigabeni esengozini.
