Izici nendawo yokuhlala yeNereis
Izikelemu zasePolychaete sibanyile bangabomndeni wakwaNereid, nohlobo annelids... Lesi yisilwane esiphila mahhala. Ngaphandle, ziyakhanga kakhulu: lapho zihamba, ziyacwebezela ngomama-we-pearl, umbala wazo uvame ukuba luhlaza okotshani, futhi ama-bristles awolintshi noma abomvu ngokugqamile. Ukuhamba kwazo okugeleza emanzini kufana nomdanso wasempumalanga.
Ubukhulu bomzimba wabo buxhomeke ezinhlotsheni futhi busuka ku-8 kuye ku-70 cm. Okukhulu kunakho konke i-nereis eluhlaza... Izikelemu zihamba ezansi ngosizo lokubhanqa okuhlangene ngaphesheya, okukhona kuzo izinyanda zezinsimbi ezinwebeka ezinezimpondo ezithintekayo, futhi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda zidlala indima yamaphiko.
Umzimba uqobo unenyoka futhi uqukethe amasongo amaningi. Imisipha ikhule kahle, okwenza kube lula ukumba odakeni ezansi. Ngaphandle, zifana ne-centipede noma i-centipede, futhi eziningi ziqhathanisa izibungu nezilo.
Izinhlaka imizwa at sibanyile ithuthukiswe kahle, ekhanda kunamehlo, izimpondo ezithintekayo, izintambo kanye ne-olosactic fossa. Ukuphefumula kwenzeka ebusweni bonke bomzimba noma kwama-gill. Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luvaliwe.
Isakhiwo uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ubure elula futhi iqukethe izigaba ezintathu. Ukuqala ngokuvula umlomo, kudlulela ku-pharynx yemisipha ngemihlathi e-chitinous. Okulandelayo kuza umhosha onesisu esincane bese uphela ngamathumbu anendunu, etholakala ku-lobe engemuva.
Lezi zibungu zihlala olwandle olufudumele, njengeJapan, White, Azov noma Black. Ukuqinisa isisekelo sokudla oLwandle iCaspian, balethwa ngokukhethekile emashumini amane. Ngaphandle kokuhlaliswa ngenkani, izimpethu zaqala lapho.
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwawo okusheshayo nokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kulo lonke ulwandle. Okwamanje, bakha imenyu esemqoka ye-Caspian sturgeon. Kepha akuzona kuphela izinhlanzi ezazithanda, izingwengwezi nama-tern nazo ziyandiza zizonandisa.
Abadobi abaningi babheka lesi sibungu njengesithiyo esingcono kakhulu sezinhlanzi zasolwandle. UNereis can thenga emakethe noma esitolo, kepha abaningi bakhetha ukumba bodwa.
Phakathi kwabo, abadobi bambiza nge-Liman worm, ngoba uthole isibungu se-nereis impela osebeni lomfula, lapho ehlala khona odakeni olumanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-polychaetes ambiwe afakwa embizeni enenhlabathi futhi agcinwe esiqandisini kuze kudotshwe.
Esithombeni, isibungu nereis siluhlaza
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila kaNereis
UNereis kungenzeka hlala emigodini yolwandle, kepha kaningi izibungu ngisanda kungcwatshwa ngodaka. Imvamisa, lapho behamba futhi befuna ukudla, babhukuda ngaphezu kobuso baphansi. Zingabizwa ngokuthi amazambane asofa, ngoba azihambi amabanga amade kuze kufike isikhathi sokuzala.
Muva nje, ososayensi bathole isici seNereis esingajwayelekile, esingajwayelekile sezikelemu. Baxhumana bodwa ngolimi abaluzwisisayo kuphela. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwamakhemikhali abawakhiphela emvelweni.
Akhiqizwa yizindlala zesikhumba ezisemzimbeni wama-polychaetes. Lezi zinto zingama-pheromones. Zihlukile ngenhloso: ezinye ziheha abesifazane, ezinye zethusa izitha, kanti ezinye zisebenza njengesixwayiso sengozi kwezinye izikelemu.
Ama-nereis abo afundwa ngosizo lwezitho ezibucayi ezisekhanda. Uma uzisusa, lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwesibungu. Ngeke akwazi ukuzitholela ukudla futhi uzoba isisulu sesitha kalula.
Izinhlobo eziningana zeNereis ziziphatha njengezicabucabu lapho zizingela. Baluka amanethiwekhi avela ezintanjeni ezikhethekile ze-slimy. Ngosizo lwabo babamba ama-crustaceans olwandle. Ukuhamba, inethiwekhi yazisa umnikazi ukuthi inyamazane ibanjiwe.
Ukudla kukaNereis
UNereis Ingabe ama-omnivores izibungu zasolwandle... Bangabizwa ngokuthi "izimpisi" zasolwandle. Bakhasa kuso, badla izitshalo noma izinsalela ezibolayo ze-algae, izimbobo ezikudlayo. Uma kwenzeka isidumbu semollusk noma i-crustacean sisendleleni, khona-ke umhlambi wonke we-nereis ungakha uzungeze wona, ozowudla ngentshiseko.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-nereis
Isikhathi sokuzala ku sibanyile ihlala kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Iqala wonke umuntu ngasikhathi sinye, njengokungathi kusiginali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiqalo siboshelwe esigabeni senyanga. Ukukhanya kwenyanga kwenza wonke ama-polychaetes aphakame kusuka phansi kolwandle kuya ebusweni bawo.
Lokhu kusiza ukuhlangana kwabesilisa nabesifazane futhi kuholele ekusakazekeni kwabo okukhulu. Izazi zezilwane zivame ukusebenzisa lesi simo. Zikhanyisa isibani ebusweni bolwandle ebusuku, futhi zibamba izikelemu zasolwandle ezingandile ezikhuphukele phezulu.
Lokhu kwandulelwa ukuvuthwa kwemikhiqizo yokuzala eNereis. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu kanye nokubukeka okukhulu. Banamehlo amakhulu futhi ukukhula okukhulayo kuyanda.
Ama-bristles ajwayelekile athathelwa indawo okubhukuda, inani lezingxenye zomzimba liyakhula, nemisipha yayo iba namandla futhi ilungele ukubhukuda.
Besebenzisa amakhono abo abawatholile, baqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi beseduze nangaphezulu bese bashintshela ekudleni kwe-plankton. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kulula ukuzibona futhi bazazise.
Lapho sebephezu kwamanzi, abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukufuna osebenza nabo. Kukhethwa ngephunga, baqala ukudansa. Ngesikhathi lapho wonke amanzi evele abile futhi abile, ngoba izinkulungwane zamaNereis ziyajika zishintshe lapho.
Abesifazane babhukuda ngama-zigzags, futhi abesilisa babazungeza. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, amaqanda "nobisi" kushiya umzimba wesibungu, kudwengula izindonga zomzimba ezincane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-polychaetes ayacwila phansi bese efa.
Umuntu angazala kanye kanye empilweni yakhe. Le nqubo iheha umhlambi wonke wezinyoni nezinhlanzi, eziqeda iNereis ngenjabulo. Ukudoba ngalesi sikhathi akusizi ngalutho - inhlanzi eyondlekile ngeke ikulume.
Kufanele sitshele eyodwa eyingqayizivele uhlobo lwe-nereis, lapho ukukhiqiza kuqhubeka khona ngokuya ngesimo esihlukile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ekuqaleni kuzalwa abesilisa kuphela. Abantu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bathola i-mink nowesifazane oseke wabekela amaqanda, bese uwafaka umquba. Bese beyidla uqobo lwayo. Abaphonsa amaqanda, kepha baqala ukuwanakekela.
Ngosizo lwezimila, owesilisa uhambisa amanzi ngemibungu, abanikeze umoya-mpilo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uba ngowesifazane abeke amaqanda. Futhi sekuvele le nhlekelele efanayo esiswini sesilisa sesizukulwane esisha.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwamaqanda, kuvela ama-trochophores. Ziyindilinga ngesimo, lapho kukhona amasongo amane ane-cilia. Ngokubukeka, ziyefana nezibungu zezinambuzane.
Bona ngokwabo bathola ukudla futhi bakhule ngokushesha okukhulu, bese becwila ezansi, balinde ukufika kokuvuthwa ukuze bafeze inhloso yabo enkulu.
Kwezinye izinhlobo sibanyile intuthuko eqhubeka ngokwengeziwe: encane ivela eqandeni ngokushesha isibungu, okwandisa kakhulu izinga lokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane. Abantu abaningi abalubeki engcupheni lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane ze-polychaete.
