I-Alaskan Malamute yinja enkulu e-sled e-Alaska. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinja, ezifuywa yisizwe sama-Eskimo iMalemute, okokuqala njengenja ejwayelekile, bese kuba yinja e-sled. Zivame ukudideka namakhoba aseSiberia, ngoba anemibala efanayo, kepha ama-malamute makhulu kakhulu futhi anomlingiswa ovelele kakhulu.
Izifushaniso
- Akunconyelwe ama-hobbyists angenalwazi, njengoba ubuhlakani babo bemvelo nokuzimela kwabo kubenza kube nzima ukuqeqesha nokufunda.
- Ama-malamute azolwela ukuphatha umndeni, futhi ilungu ngalinye kufanele likulungele (futhi likwazi) ukuzibeka endaweni ephakeme kunawo.
- Bemba ngokuphelele, kungokwemvelo kubo. Lokhu kufanele kubhekelwe uma inja ihlala egcekeni, ngoba izitshalo zingalimala futhi ingase imbe umhubhe ngaphansi kocingo.
- Kuyinja enkulu enamandla, eyenzelwe ukuthutha izimpahla. Uma engaqeqeshiwe kahle futhi enesithukuthezi, angalimaza ikhaya.
- Ngokuhlalisana okuhle kanye nokukhuliswa kahle, ama-malamute angahlangana kahle endlini nezinja namakati. Kepha, emgwaqweni, le mithetho ayisebenzi futhi bazozingela izilwane ezincane, kubandakanya namakati omakhelwane.
- Awazi ukukhonkotha (ngaphandle okungajwayelekile), futhi ijazi lawo eliwugqinsi alakhelwanga isimo sezulu esishisayo.
Umlando wozalo
I-Alaskan Malamute ithathwa njengenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezindala kunazo zonke, endala kunazo zonke eNyakatho Melika futhi mhlawumbe iphila isikhathi eside kunabo bonke abantu. Lo mbono usekelwa okutholwe yimivubukulo okuqinisekisa ukuthi kushintshe okuncane kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yalolu hlobo, okwenziwa ngo-2004, kwaqinisekisa ukuthi yiyona esiseduzane kakhulu nempisi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi okhokho be-malamute banamuhla babeyizimpisi ezifuywayo ezivela eMpumalanga nase-Asia Ephakathi. Bafika eNyakatho Melika nabahambahamba ngeBering Strait bevela empumalanga yeSiberia ngesikhathi sePleistocene, eminyakeni engaba ngu-14 000 edlule.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DNA kwamaSkyeri Huskies, i-Alaskan Klee-kai ne-Alaskan Malamute kukhombise ubudlelwane babo nempisi kanye nomunye nomunye. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo ngosayizi, ama-malamute makhulu, anamandla amakhulu akhiwe futhi anethambo elisindayo, isilinganiso sazo sisuka ku-34 kuye ku-39 kg.
Ngenkathi amakhoba aseSiberia mancane, aphakathi nendawo futhi anesisindo esingu-20-27 kg. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholwe yi-paleontologists, inja yePaleolithic ibukeka njenge-husky, kepha ibinkulu kakhulu kuneMalamute ngosayizi.
Yize bungekho ubufakazi besayensi ngalokhu, ama-malamute afana nempisi yokuqala efuywe umuntu. Noma, ngamanye amagama, lena yinja yokuqala emhlabeni.
Njengamalungu esizwe, izinja zalesi sikhathi zazingakwazi ukwenza okuthile. Impilo yezizwe zama-Eskimo yayiqukethe ukuhamba ngokufuduka emazweni anzima, kanye nokufuna ukudla.
Zasetshenziselwa ukuzingela, njengabathumeli futhi nganoma iyiphi enye injongo. Ama-Eskimo awaqalanga ngokushesha ukusebenzisa izinja njengezinja ezihlotshisiwe, abengenakho ukukhetha okunjalo.
Isimo sezulu esibuhlungu sase-Alaska nokutholakala kokudla okulinganiselwe kudlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo. Izinja ezingakwazi ukusinda kulesi simo sezulu zimane zanyamalala ochungechungeni lofuzo, zashiya kuphela ezinamandla nezinamandla kakhulu endaweni.
Ama-Alaskan Malamute kuthiwa akhuliswa yisizwe sama-Inuit (igama lokuzibiza lama-Eskimo) amaMalemute. Babanjwe e-Alaska bevela eSiberia, bahlala eMfuleni i-Anvik. Yile ndlela abathuthuka ngayo emakhulwini eminyaka, ngokusho kwamazinga abekwe ama-Eskimo.
Futhi izindinganiso zazilula futhi zazingahlangene nakancane nobuhle, inja kwakufanele iqine, ikwazi ukuzingela nokudonsa iziqubu nokubekezelela amakhaza kahle. Ngenxa yalomsebenzi wokukhetha wemvelo, i-Alaskan Malamute yazalwa. Ngokwesiko zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela, ukuvikela abazulazulayo kanye nezinja zezihlibhi.
Ukujwayelana kwabaseYurophu nalezi zinja kwaqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kweSiberia, kepha ukuthandwa kwangempela kwafika ngo-1896, lapho kuqala khona ukugijimisa igolide eKlondike. Isixuku sabantu ebesifuna ukwenza imali singene futhi bonke bafuna ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu, okungewona umsebenzi olula enyakatho.
Amanani ezinja akhuphuka kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, eqenjini elikhokhela inja enhle ama- $ 1,500 nama- $ 500 ngenani elifanele, noma ama- $ 40,000 nama- $ 13,000 njengamanje. Ama-malamute abe yinja ebiza kakhulu futhi efunwa kakhulu esifundeni.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinja, ezinjengeNewfoundlands neSt. Bernards, zifikile nabafuna igolide. Baqala ukuwela nabantu bendawo, ngethemba lokuthola izinja ezinamandla. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izihlibhi ezifana nalezi mestizo zazingafanele futhi zilwa kakhulu komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwezihlibhi ezihudulwayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umjaho wezihlibhi wezinja wawusuba umdlalo odumile. Ngo-1908 wabona i-All Alaska Sweepstakes, umjaho wamamayela angu-408. Ukunqoba lo mjaho kwasho udumo, udumo nemali, futhi abantu abavela kulo lonke elase-Alaska baqoqa izinja kulo mjaho.
Kepha, naphezu kokukhuthazela, amandla okusebenza eqenjini kanye nokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu, ama-Alaskan Malamute aqedwa ezinye izinhlobo ngokwejubane. Abanikazi babenethemba lokuthuthukisa ijubane labo ngokuwela ngezinhlobo ezincane futhi ngalesi sikhathi izinja ezifuywayo zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Ngo-1920, isimo sohlobo lwalubucayi futhi sasiseduze nokuqothulwa. Babesenamandla futhi beqinile, kepha inani lezinja ezihlanzekileyo lehle kakhulu. Kwabe sekuhlangana iqembu elincane labalimi ukuze kubuyiselwe umhlobo.
Eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, bazohlukaniswa babe yimigqa emithathu ukuze ekugcineni babe izinhlobo zezinja zesimanje. Le migqa yiKotzebue, M'Lut noHinman-Irvin. Zonke izinja zesimanje zehla kule migqa futhi zinezici zenye noma enye yazo.
Uhlobo aluzange lube nesikhathi sokululama, njengoba kwaqala iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho babamba iqhaza khona. Ukulahleka kwakukukhulu futhi ngo-1947 kwase kusele izinja ezingama-30 kuphela, kepha ngenxa yemizamo yezimfundamakhwela, lolu hlobo lwasindiswa, yize lokhu kwakudingeka ukuphula ubumsulwa bolayini.
Namuhla, i-Alaskan Malamute ingenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezisenyakatho ezithandwa kakhulu. Njengoba iqale njengenja e-sled phakathi kwezizwe zama-Eskimo, manje sekuwuphawu olusemthethweni lwezwe lase-Alaska, kepha isasetshenziswa kaningi endimeni yayo yendabuko.
Incazelo
Yize bevame ukuphutha njengesihlobo esiseduze, i-Husky yaseSiberia, i-Alaskan Malamutes yizinja ezinkulu kunazo zonke futhi ezindala kunazo zonke enyakatho. Inamandla, iyasubatha, inzima futhi yakhelwe ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo emabangeni amade.
Ukuphakama kwabesilisa ekubuneni kufinyelela kuma-64 cm, kanti isisindo singama-39 kg, kanti abesifazane bafinyelela kuma-58 cm no-34 kg. Kodwa-ke, abantu bobukhulu obukhulu nabancane bavame ukutholakala. Lapho uhlola inja, kunakwa kakhulu ukuthayipha, ukulingana, ubuhlakani nezinye izici ezisebenzayo kunokuba kube ngosayizi.
Ikhanda likhulu, libanzi, ngokulingana nomzimba. Kubonwa ngaphambili, ukwakheka kwekhanda nesifonyo kufanele kufane nempisi.
Amehlo aphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu, amile okwe-alimondi, izingqimba zangaphandle zamehlo ziphakeme kunezangaphakathi. Umbala wamehlo kumele ube nsundu, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angafaneleki.
Izindlebe zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, ukumila okungunxantathu, namathiphu ayindilinga, ahlukaniswe kabanzi ekhanda.
I-Alaskan Malamute inengubo ejiyile ephindwe kabili, enezinwele zokuqapha ezigqokile nebhantshi eliwugqinsi. Ingubo yangaphansi iminyene, inamafutha futhi iminyene, inikela ngokuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu. Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, ijazi lincipha futhi lifishane.
Amabala embala wejazi kusuka kwimpunga, impisi kuya kumnyama, i-sable kanye ne-shades ehlukahlukene. Umbala omhlophe, oqinile uvunyelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemibala kuvunyelwe engutsheni yangaphansi, ukumakwa kanye nebhulukwe.
Uhlamvu
Lezi zinja ziyaziwa ngesimo sabo sobungane kubantu. Abasoze bagwema abantu abangabazi, babingelela wonke umuntu njengomngani okhohliwe isikhathi eside.
Imvelo ye-Alaskan Malamute ayiyenzi ifanele umsebenzi wokuthumela, yize ubukhulu bayo nokubukeka kwayo okufana nempisi kubethusa abadlula ngendlela.
Futhi ubungane nokuzijabulisa kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuthanda umuntu oyedwa nje.
Esinye isizathu esenza zingakulungeli ukuvikelwa ukungakhonkothi, ngomqondo wendabuko. Kodwa-ke, zingaba nezwi impela lapho ziveza injabulo, ukwesaba, isizungu noma injabulo. Baveza imizwa ngosizo lwemisindo ehlukahlukene - ukububula, ukukhala, ukukhala. Yize isibalo esincane sazo sisengakwazi ukukhonkotha.
Ama-malamute, njengo-Akita Inu, athanda ukuphatha izinto ngomlomo wazo, kungaba yisihlakala sakho. Kepha, lesi akusona isenzo sobudlova, ukungathandi ukulimaza, kepha isici esimnandi. Bangabamba isihlakala sakho ukukuholela ku-leash lapho befuna ukuthatha uhambo. Lokhu ukuziphatha okungokwemvelo okungenakuqedwa.
I-Alaskan Malamute inenkumbulo engakholeki, impahla eyabasebenzela ezindaweni ezinzima futhi yabavumela ukuthi bathole indlela yabo ezinyathelweni ezincane kakhulu. Le mpahla isho ukuthi udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu lapho uqeqeshwa.
Impatho embi, engafanele ingaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kokuzethemba kumqeqeshi. Okunye okuvela ngomqondo wemvelo ukuzimela, isifiso sokuzicabangela wena bese uzama imingcele yalokho okuvunyelwe.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umnikazi angaguquki futhi aqine futhi adlale indima yomholi noma i-alpha empilweni yenja. Uma umninilo engazethembi futhi engathathi indima yomnikazi, inja izothatha le ndima futhi izobusa endlini. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuhlukunyezweni ukukhomba amalungu omhlambi (abantu) endaweni yawo.
Izinja ezithatha le ndima kunzima ukuziqeqesha, zingadinga umqeqeshi oqeqeshiwe, ukuvuselelwa, noma umndeni omusha, lapho umnikazi ezozibeka njengomuntu ovelele. Imizamo yabanikazi eyindida yokuzibonakalisa njenge-alpha kuzoholela ekuhlaselweni.
Ama-malamute nawo athambekele ekuqondeni masinyane futhi abhoreke ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kube kufushane, kuhluke futhi kugcwaliswe ngesikhuthazi.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ezizophinda into efanayo kaninginingi, iMalamute izodela futhi ihambe ngezinto ezihlakaniphile. Ngokuvamile bachazwa njengabahlakaniphile kepha abanenkani. Ukuqiniswa okuhle, imivuzo, nokuhle kusebenza kangcono kakhulu kunokudelela namandla.
Kusukela ebuntombini kuye phambili, imithetho, imingcele nemikhawulo kufanele ichazwe ngokusobala futhi iphoqelelwe ngemikhawulo enenkani kepha emnene. Okhokho balezi zinja ngokwabo banqume ukuthi bazokwenzenjani nokuthi benzeni, bangena ngesibhakela eqhweni, eqhweni, eqhweni nasezenzweni ezinjalo ngeke kuvalwe kuqhubeke ngokucela komnikazi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-Alaskan Malamute ingaqondiswa lapho ufuna khona, kepha awukwazi ukuyiphoqa ukuthi iye lapho.
Yize beqonda futhi befunda ngokushesha okukhulu, bavame ukuthatha isikhashana ngaphambi kokwenza umyalo. Abazimele, uma beqonda ukuthi iqembu lakho aliwenzi umqondo noma abaliboni kulo, kepha bayalibambezela ukusetshenziswa kwalo, noma bangalifezi nakancane.
Khumbula ukuthi bakhethwe okweminyaka eyikhulu njengezinja zezihlibhi, abangakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ophindaphindiwe. Benza kahle emikhakheni yezemidlalo, nalezo zinto ezidinga ubuhlakani, ukukhuthazela nobukhali.
Ama-Smart Malamute adinga imisebenzi eqeda isithukuthezi nokuzimela. Uma kungekho msebenzi onjalo, kepha isithukuthezi siba yingozi futhi ekhaya sizibonakalisa ngefenisha egayiwe, izimbiza eziphukile, iphepha lodonga elidabukile.
Njengamaphakethe, kufanele babe ngamalungu ephakethe, uma beshiywa bodwa, bahlushwa ingcindezi, isithukuthezi, futhi uma bekwazi ukungena egcekeni, baqala ukulimba ngenkuthalo.
Okwe-Alaskan Malamute - "umhlaba" ungokwemvelo, bemba ukuzijabulisa futhi ukuze bapholise emgodini. Uma unenhlanhla futhi iMalamute yakho ithanda ukumba, kungcono ukwaba ikona lalokhu noma ukubekezelela ngakhohlwe ngotshani omuhle, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukulungisa lokhu kuziphatha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza impilo yabo ibe mnandi, banikeze ukuxhumana okuningi, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuhamba nokunciphisa isimilo esonakalisayo. Zenzelwe ukusebenza nsuku zonke, ngokuzikhandla futhi ngabantu okufanele babekwe icala lokuthi abanandawo yokubeka amandla abo. Abanikazi abangenalo ithuba lokuhamba, ukudlala, ukukhulisa iMalamute, kungcono ukubhekisa kwezinye izinhlobo.
Njengazo zonke izinja ezifakiwe, ama-Malamute azwana nezinye izinja. Ukuhlangana kufanele kuqalwe kusenesikhathi futhi kwethulwe iphunga elisha, izinhlobo zezilwane, izilwane nabantu.
Izinja ezingahlali kahle zingalawula ezinye izinja zobulili obufanayo. Uma bengabuyeli emuva, kungaqubuka izimpi. Yize izimpi ezinjalo zingaholeli ekulimaleni kanzima noma ekufeni, ziyayema ​​ngokushesha nje lapho umphikisi ememezela ukunqoba.
Ama-Alaskan Malamute aqikelela kakhulu izingane futhi athola ulimi olufanayo nazo, njengoba zithanda ukudlala futhi zikhuthele. Kepha, lezi yizinja ezinkulu futhi akufanele zishiywe zodwa, zingagadiwe.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zeSpitz, zingaba yingozi ezilwaneni ezincane. Bakha ngokwemvelo, okhokho babo bazingela futhi baqhuba inyamazane yabo ukuze basinde. Uma bekhululwe ngaphandle kwemfashini emvelweni, bazozingela izilwane ezincane, futhi bajahe amakati nezingwejeje ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
Lapho zihlangana kahle emasontweni ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ubudala, ama-malamute angamukela ezinye izilwane njengamalungu epakethe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kwezinye izilwane ezingaphandle kwekhaya..
Isibonelo, ekhaya bahlala kahle nekati lakho, kepha emgwaqweni babulala ikati likamakhelwane. Lezi zinja azinconywa emakhaya lapho kunezinye izilwane ezincane, umuzwa womzingeli kuzo unamandla kunengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho zizingela, zibukeka njengamakati: ethule futhi iqandisiwe, zigonqa phansi ngaphambi kokugijimela isisulu. Abanikazi abangakwazi ukuphatha lokhu kuziphatha futhi bathambekele ekususeni inja kwi-leash akufanele bathathe lolu hlobo.
Ukunakekela
Lezi yizinja ezihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwephunga lezinja. Bayazilungisa njengamakati, basuse ukungcola noma yikuphi lapho bengafinyelela khona. Kodwa-ke, ijazi labo liwugqinsi, limahhadlahhadla, linengubo yangaphansi eminyene futhi uma uhlela ukuwagcina efulethini, kudingeka ukunakekelwa okuncane.
Imvamisa zichitha kabili ngonyaka, ehlobo ijazi liba mfushane futhi lincane kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, uboya obuningi buwela kwifenisha nakukhaphethi, buya emoyeni. Unganciphisa inani layo ngokumane ulihlanganise kanye ngosuku.
Ezempilo
Kunesifundo esisodwa kuphela sezempilo salolu hlobo, esenziwa e-UK UK Kennel Club ka-2004 eqenjini elincane lezinja eziyi-14. Isikhathi sokuphila se-Alaskan Malamute siyiminyaka eyi-10.7, eqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Kodwa-ke, isampula lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingabhekwa njengokuthembekile kanti eminye imithombo ithi i-malamute inesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila sezinja ezinkulu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Kodwa-ke, isampula lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingabhekwa njengokuthembekile kanti eminye imithombo ithi i-malamute inesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila sezinja ezinkulu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi: i-dysplasia ne-cataract.
