Inja endizayo Isidalwa esimangalisayo futhi esingaqondakali okulotshwe ngaso izinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane. Lezi zilwane ziye zathola inkazimulo yazo emnyama phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Isibonelo, abaseScotland babenesiqiniseko sokuthi lapho lezi zidalwa zisuka ngokuzumayo, kufika ihora labathakathi. E-Oskfordshire, kunenkolelo yokuthi uma ilulwane lenza imibuthano emithathu phezu kwendlu, kusho ukuthi othile osendlini uzofa kungekudala. Uma sizilahla zonke izinkolelo-ze bese sibheka umhlaba ngamehlo esayensi, kuyacaca ukuthi amalulwane ayinto ebaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem.
Izici zezinja ezindizayo nendawo yokuhlala
Bukela i isithombe sezinja ezindizayo kungacatshangwa ukuthi luhlobo lwelulwane. Kepha naphezu kokufana okuphawulekayo, akunjalo. Njengamalulwane, amalulwane ezithelo angandiza acishe athule, kuthi ngezikhathi zasemini zikhethe ukulengisa zibheke phezulu ophahleni lwendlu noma lesihlahla, zisongele imizimba yazo ngolwelwesi olubanzi.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphezulu kakhulu, le nyoni enamaphiko ingazishaya ulwelwesi lwayo njengefeni. Phakathi nobusuku, izinja ezindizayo ziyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angaba yikhulu. Kodwa-ke, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwelulwane lezithelo namalulwane ukuthi alinayo i-radar ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi uzingele ebusuku futhi uzulazule ngokuphelele endaweni.
Izimpungushe kuphela, ezihlala emihumeni, ezinokufana kwesikhali se-echo, ezindizayo, ezichofoza izilimi zazo. Amalulwane ayakwazi ukukhipha amasiginali we-ultrasonic ngenxa yezintambo zawo zezwi, ezinesakhiwo esithile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinja ezindizayo zizulazula kule ndawo kuphela ngosizo lwezitho zokubona, ukunuka nokuthinta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle, amalulwane asafana nezinja noma izimpungushe. Inja endizayo yisilwane esincelisayo se-oda - amalulwane, omndeni welulwane wezithelo.
Inja endizayo yaseGibhithe isabalele eGibhithe, eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia, eTurkey kanye nasesiqhingini saseCyprus. Izinja ezindizayo zihlala eNdiya. Kukhona namalulwane amaningi ezithelo esiqhingini saseMauritius, eNtshonalanga Afrika, ePhilippines naseziqhingini zase-Oceania.
Elikhulu kunawo wonke izinhlobo zezinja ezindizayoobizwa nge-kalong (umzimba wakhe ucishe ube ngama-40 cm ubude nezingalo zakhe zingama-22 cm). Inyama yale nja endizayo ibhekwa njengomsoco kakhulu.
Abantu bendawo bayazibamba bazidayise ezimakethe. Ama-Kalong angadala umonakalo omkhulu emasimini ezithelo. Futhi inja endizayo ihlala eSigodini SaseNayile, eSyria, e-Iran naseJapan. I-pygmy fruit bat iyinja encane kunazo zonke ezindizayo, umzimba wayo ubude bayo bungu-6-7 cm kuphela, kanti izingalo zayo zingamasentimitha angama-25. Ayinabungozi futhi ihlala e-Indochina naseBurma.
Incazelo yenja endizayo, isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Inja ezindizayo ezincelisayo Inomlomo omude, okhonjwe kancane, unezindlebe nezinzipho ezincane eminwe yenkomba yezingalo zangaphambili, futhi umsila mfushane noma awukho. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zivame ukuba sebusuku.
Emini bakhetha ukulengisa sibheke phansi esihlahleni abasikhethile njengekhaya labo nokulala. Imvamisa zilenga esidladleni esisodwa, zizisonge kolunye uphiko, kuthi lapho kushisa zizishaye ngophiko. Bangandiza bahambe bayofuna ukudla amashumi amakhilomitha, kepha babuye bayolala esihlahleni esifanayo.
Izinhlobo zezinja ezindizayo
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinja ezindizayo:
- AbaseGibhithe - bahlala emakoloni, badle izithelo ezingavuthiwe nezinambuzane;
- I-chain-tailed;
- UCelebesskaya;
- Ilulwane lezithelo lomhume - emini bahlala emihumeni emikhulu, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamalulwane ezithelo, kuphela abakwazi ukukhipha isignali elula kakhulu ye-ultrasonic;
- EComoros;
- Ukubuyela emuva emuva;
- Ugandan - uhlala e-Uganda;
- IMadagascar - etholakala esiqhingini saseMadagascar;
- UBoneya.
Imvamisa, izinja ezindizayo ziyabuya zizolala esihlahleni esifanayo.
Ukudla
Amalulwane ezithelo athola ukudla ngosizo lomqondo othuthuke kahle wokubona nephunga. Iningi lazo lidla izithelo zemithi edabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo. Njengomthetho, badla endaweni yabo engaguquki, okungukuthi, ilenga egatsheni, baxhunywe ngomlenze owodwa, noma bakha izithelo ezihlahleni khona kanye endizeni. Badla kokubili uginindela wesithelo uqobo futhi bakhiphe ujusi kubo.
Izinja ezincane ezindizayo ziphuza umpe wezimbali futhi zimunce impova. Izinhlobo ezine-tube-nose zamalulwane ezithelo, phakathi kokunye, nazo zidla izinambuzane. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zithanda amanzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi zize ziphuze namanzi anosawoti olwandle ukubuyisa ibhalansi yomzimba kasawoti wamanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenja endizayo nempilo yayo
Amalulwane aqala ukuzala kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuya ku-Okthoba. Ilulwane lezithelo lesifazane lizala kanye ngonyaka. Imvamisa bazala ingane eyodwa, kungasaphathwa ukuthi kube yizimbili. Bazala amawundlu cishe izinsuku eziyi-115 kuya kwezingu-120.
Izinsikazi ziyabeletha, zilenga zibheke phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, owesifazane uvala amaphiko akhe, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala ukuzalwa, lapho umntwana osanda kuzalwa ewela khona. Amalulwane yizilwane ezincelisayo. Masinyane ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane zigibela esifubeni sikamama futhi zinamathele engonweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, umama uthwala ingane kuye aze afunde ukundiza.
Izinja ezindizayo ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa ngokushesha ngejazi futhi zibona. Insikazi yondla abasha ngobisi ize ifinyelele ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala. Lapho nje izingane zikhula, umama uqala ukuhamba nazo ukuze athole ukudla.
Okufanekisiwe yindlwane yenja endizayo
Ukuze amawundlu, asathambekele kahle esikhaleni, angalahleki, omama babanikeza amasiginali nge-ultrasound. Izinja ezindizayo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-9 ubudala.
Kunolwazi oluncane mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila sezinja ezindizayo. Vele, ezimweni zemvelo, amalulwane ezithelo aphila ngaphansi kakhulu uma ezalwe noma akhulela ekuthunjweni. Ngokweminye imibiko, baphila iminyaka engu-7-8 kuphela.
Ekhaya, bangaphila iminyaka eyi-17-20. Irekhodi lanamuhla liyiminyaka engama-25. Amalulwane ayizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem ekhona. Zikhuthaza ukusabalala kwembewu yezitshalo, zisiza impova ezitshalweni (i-baobab, umuthi wesoseji).
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwale nzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yamalulwane ezithelo, angadala umonakalo omkhulu emasimini. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baziqothula lezi zilwane ezithokozisayo. Abanye bendawo badla amalulwane ezithelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inani labo lehla minyaka yonke.
Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi aseqalile ukwenza imisebenzi ukuze kulondolozwe lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, amalulwane ezithelo aqala ukufuywa. Ubuso babo obuhle nobuntu babo obuhle abunakushiya abantu abaningi bengenandaba. Manje sekuyimfashini futhi kuhlonishwa ukugcina inja endizayo ekhaya.
Olunye uhlangothi olubi lwalezi zilwane ukuthi ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva bangabathwali bamagciwane. Isibonelo, igciwane le-Ebola kanye negciwane laseMarburg. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zigameko, abathwali baleli gciwane kwakungamalulwane omhume aseGabon naseCongo, ngokulandelana.
