Kunzima ukucabanga, kepha lapho i-weasel ibhekwa njengesilwane esifuywayo - amaRoma ayiqala ngethemba lokususa amagundane amancane. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-ferrets namakati akhipha umhlaseli ezinhliziyweni nasezindlini zesikhulu sasendulo samaRoma.
Incazelo ye-weasel
I-weasel ejwayelekile (i-Mustela nivalis) imele uhlobo lwe-Weasel ne-ferrets, ilungu lomndeni wama-marten, futhi iyisilwane esidla kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abesilisa bakhula bafike ku-16-26 cm bese benesisindo esingu-50-250 g, abesifazane banesisindo esisuka ku-30 kuye ku-110 g ngobude obungu-11.5-21 cm.
Ukubukeka
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-weasel ifana ne-ermine ne-saltworm, kepha yehlukile kubo ngobuncane nemininingwane ethile... Izazi zemvelo ziphawula ukubukeka kwayo kwenyoka, okudalwe ngenxa yomzimba omncane onqenqemeni onemilenze emifushane nokunyakaza kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo (lapho i-weasel inyuka phakathi kwamatshe noma ukhuni olufile). Ukufana nenyoka kugcizelelwa nangentamo ende enamandla (ezacile kancane kunomzimba), ethweswe umqhele ngekhanda elincane elinomlomo omncane nezindlebe eziyindilinga, ezibanzi, ezingaphumi phezulu.
U-Weasel unamehlo amnyama acwebezelayo (sengathi aphuma kancane) nekhala elifiphalile, elinezimfoloko. Umsila mfushane (ungaphakathi kuka-1.2-8.7 cm), ufana nombala wangemuva (ngokungafani ne-ermine, enethiphu emnyama). Isikhali samakhemikhali esiyimfihlo se-weasel sifihlwe ngaphansi komsila - izindlala ezikhiqiza uketshezi ngephunga elicasulayo.
Okubalulekile! Umbala wejazi uyehluka ebusika nasehlobo. Kumakhaza, i-weasel iphenduka ibe mhlophe ngokuphelele enyakatho kuthi ngxenye iningizimu. Uboya bukhulu ngokulinganayo ebusika nasehlobo, kepha izinwele zasebusika zinde futhi ziyajiya kunezinwele zasehlobo.
Ehlobo, isilwane sikhombisa umbala we-bicolor onendawo engezansi emhlophe (izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezitho nengxenye yonyawo) naphezulu okuphezulu (ngokuhlukahluka kwe-brown brown, kuya ngendawo). Ukuguqulwa kombala kusuka phezulu kuye phansi kubukhali.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
U-Weasel uhlala futhi ondle endaweni encane kakhulu engu-0.5-1 ha. BmayelanaAkadingi indawo enkudlwana, ngoba umhlaseli ukhasa ngokukhululekile ngemuva kwesisulu angene kunoma iyiphi, ngisho nasemigodini emincane kakhulu. I-weasel uqobo aluzibi imigodi - izidladla zayo ezincane nezinzipho ezibukhali azenzelwanga lo msebenzi. Njengama-bunkers esikhashana, acashe engozini, isilwane sisebenzisa umgodi wokuqala we-vole noma imvukuzane esihlangana nayo.
Esiqeshini sayo, i-weasel iphinde ihlomise izindawo zokuhlala ezihlala njalo, (ngaphandle kwemigodi yegundane) eziba:
- i-voids emigqonyeni yamatshe;
- urisho;
- i-brushwood;
- ukubeka izinkuni zokubasa;
- izakhiwo;
- imigodi ephansi.
Umgodi uvame ukufakwa ngamahlamvu omile notshani, kanye nobulembu. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yakhe emhlabathini, evikela izindawo ezivulekile lapho ehamba ezungeze indawo yakhe futhi encamela ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo.
U-Weasel uhlukaniswa ngejubane lokuphendula nokushesha kokunyakaza, kufaka phakathi lapho uphishekela isisulu. Umzingeli ukhwela ezihlahleni kahle futhi ubhukuda kahle, kepha ngamabanga amafushane. Ihamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha ama-2 ngosuku, kuthi ebusika, lapho kwehla iqhwa eliningi, ihambe izikhala zayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Unyawo eqhweni lubonakala kalula: i-weasel lapho igxuma ibeka izidladla zayo ngababili ("kabili"), ngenkathi i-ermine egxumayo ishiya imidwebo yemilenze emithathu ("ama-troites").
Isici se-weasel ukunyakaza kokugxuma, okujwayelekile kwawo wonke ama-weasel amancane... Ubude begxuma elijwayelekile cishe liyi-20-25 cm, lapho usuka kude nezitha - kufika ku-40-50 cm. I-Weasel izingela ngokungakhathali imini nobusuku, ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho khona usongo lwangaphandle kuyo. Ekushiseni kwesasasa lokuzingela, kwesinye isikhathi ubhubhisa izinkukhu, akhuphukele ezindlini zezinkukhu, okuthi, nokho, kuvame ukuthethelelwa kuye ngokuqothula ngokuphelele amagundane.
Ama-weasel ahlala isikhathi esingakanani
Ubungqabavu bukaWeasel benzelwe iminyaka emihlanu. Kakhulu angaphila endle, uma kungengenxa yezifo, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni, izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye kanye nezinye izizathu zokuholela izilwane ekufeni kusenesikhathi. Eqinisweni, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwe-weasel sincane kakhulu kunesiphezulu futhi silingana nezinyanga eziyi-10-12.
Indawo yokuhlala
UWeasel usegcwele wonke amazwekazi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izilwane zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinjenge:
- I-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwe-Indochina;
- INyakatho Melika (ngaphandle kwezingwadule eziseningizimu neCanada Arctic Archipelago);
- enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika (Izintaba ze-Atlas).
Izazi zezilwane zikhuluma ngokuhlukahluka okubonakalayo kwe-weasel. Isibonelo, izilwane ezincane kakhulu futhi ezimnyama kakhulu ezinemisila emifushane zihlala emahlathini aseMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia, enyakatho yeYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ama-weasel amakhulu (ama-3-4) kanye nama-weasel anemibala ekhanyayo anemisila emide ahlala ezifundeni ezomile zase-Asia esezansi (Central / Front), kanye naseMedithera (enyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Europe naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia).
Okubalulekile! Izilwane zaseningizimu azinaye umuntu oncintisana naye ngokudla njenge-ermine, futhi zizingela amagundane amakhulu (izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, ama-jerboas nama-gerbils), ama-weasel asenyakatho ayengeke akwazi ukubhekana nawo.
ERussia, i-weasel, ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, isabalele futhi yajwayela izindawo eziningi zomhlaba. Umzingeli ugwema kuphela izinkangala ezineqhwa nezingwadule ezibandayo, lapho ama-marten angatholakali khona.
Kwezinye izindawo lapho kuhlala khona amagundane amancane (i-steppe / i-step-steppe, amahlathi azo zonke izinhlobo, i-tundra, izingwadule nezintaba eziya emadlelweni alpine), ama-weasel nawo angatholakala. Isilwane asimesabi umuntu: i-weasel ibonwe ezingxenyeni zepaki ze-megalopolises, kufaka phakathi izikwele / amapaki enhlokodolobha.
Ukudla kwe-Weasel
I-Weasel ithathwa njengesinye sezilwane ezikhetha kakhulu ngenxa yokunamathela kwayo kumagundane amancane.... Isilwane sithanda ukuzingela ebumnyameni (kusihlwa nasebusuku), kepha ngeke siphuthelwe ithuba lokudla emini. Izilwane azikwazi ukukhathala, ukusesha o-ricks kanye nezitishi zotshani, ukubheka ukuvinjelwa komoya nama-rhizomes asontekile, kungene ngobuningi beqhwa ebusika.
Njengoba ithole ikoloni lama-gerbils noma ama-voles, i-weasel inyamalala isikhathi eside emihubheni engaphansi komhlaba yezisulu zayo, ihlola yonke impumulo. Sihamba ngemigodi, lesi sidla isikhathi esithile siyabamba futhi sidle izikhuni, ezinye izisulu zehlathi eziyenyanyayo. Ngendlela, eyokugcina futhi iphakela i-weasel ngokudla, ngaphandle kokwazi: idla ngokuzithandela ngezicucu zazo.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-weasel kunezilwane ezinjenge:
- amagundane, kufaka phakathi amagundane wensimu - umugqa ophakathi;
- hamsters - asemaqeleni zone;
- ama-gerbils - indawo eyihlane;
- amatshwele namaqanda (ama-weasel amunca okuqukethwe kuwo, enza izimbobo eziningana);
- izinhlanzi ezincane nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini (kuphela ngezikhathi ezilambile).
Izakhamizi zasePrimorsky Territory zibona ukuthi ama-weasel kwesinye isikhathi ahlola kanjani ugu lolwandle efuna izinsalela zokudla ezilethwe igagasi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kutholakele ukuthi lo weasel ubulala isisulu ngokuluma ugebhezi lwaso ngemuva kwekhanda, bese liqala ukudla izingxenye ezinesisindo esiphezulu kakhulu sesidumbu. Egundeni lensimu, lona yi-mesentery enamafutha abalulekile.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-weasel idla okokuqala ezithweni zangaphakathi zamagundane afana negundane bese kuphela izama ezinye izingcezu zesidumbu.
Umzingeli akadli njalo emgodini lapho ethola khona isisulu sakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi uyamhudulela amamitha angamakhulu ambalwa aye kwakhe ayodla kamnandi. Ngisho nesisindo somthwalo, esivame ukulingana nengxenye yesisindo saso uqobo, alunqandi uthando.
Ngokudla okuningi, i-weasel iyakugcina, iguqule enye yezindawo zayo zokuhlala ibe yindlu yokugcina izinto. Endlini yokugcina enjalo, ugcina kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-30 ama-voles abulewe.
Izitha zemvelo
U-Weasel akakwazi ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezidla amahlathi, zombili nezinyoni. Imvamisa, ama-mustelids, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane, abulawa yizinja ezilahlekile.
Ama-Weasel nawo angena kwirejista yezitha zemvelo:
- impisi nempungushe;
- isikhova nesikhova;
- ukhozi olunamabala;
- ukhozi lwegolide nokhozi olunemisila emhlophe;
- uphayini marten,
- imbila;
- inja ye-raccoon.
Abazingeli bathi ikakhulukazi ama-weasel ama-frisky kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukulwa ngisho ne-kite: ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, izilwane ziyakwazi ukuqukula umphimbo wale nyoni emoyeni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuthi abashadikazi bahlangana kanjani. Kusobala nje ukuthi owesilisa uhlanganisa abalingani abaningi, futhi isikhathi sokumatanisa asizinzile ngokweqile futhi sincike ekutholakaleni kokudla. Abesifazane abasebancane bayakhulelwa unyaka wonke, nabesifazane asebekhulile kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla (ngokugcizelela ngo-Ephreli). Owesifazane ulungisa isidleke sokubeletha, asivikele nge-moss, amahlamvu notshani: emva kwenyanga, lapha kuvela ama-4 kuya ku-10 amawundlu, embozwe mhlophe phansi.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izinwele ezinombala wehlobo lamathoni amabili zidabula endaweni yazo. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha: emavikini ama-3, amazinyo abo obisi ayaqhuma futhi amehlo abo avuleke, futhi kumaviki ama-4, amantshontsho asabela kusongo ngokukhipha imfihlo ebukhali nomsindo ohlekisayo.
Okubalulekile! Umama uzidela ngokuvikela isidleke uma kunengozi. Uma kungenzeka, umhlambi uyamdonsela kwenye indawo, ephephile.
Eminyakeni yamaviki ama-2-4 ubudala, amawundlu adla inyamazane edwengulwe ngumama - isazela somzingeli sivuka ngemuva kwesikhashana. Emavikini ama-5, ama-weasel asemancane ayakwazi ukuhlaba amagundane abulawelwe wona, futhi kuthi kuphela isonto lesi-7 akwazi ukuzingela amagundane amancane ngokwawo.
Ngaphambi kokushiya isidleke, intsha ihlola indawo ezungezile, izulazula ezithendeni zikanina... Njengoba umqondo wokulandela unyamalala, ama-weasel amancane ajwayela ukuhamba ngokuzimela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, i-weasel ayimele noma yiliphi inani lentengiso, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingena ezingutsheni zokudoba ezilungiselelwe izilwane ezithwala uboya. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukweqisa ukubaluleka kwezinhlobo endimeni yokuqothula amagundane afana negundane adala umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo. Ama-Zoologists azibophezele ekuvikeleni ama-weasel emhlabeni wonke.
