I-Bustard - inyoni esengozini yokuqothulwa. Wayehlale eziswa ngenyama yakhe, wayeyinto yokuzingelwa kwezemidlalo. Manje inani elincane labantu le-bustard lisesimweni esidabukisayo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithinta imvelo kanye nokuziphatha okudingekayo ukubuyisela inani lalezi zinhlobo ezingavamile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Strepet
UBustard omncane ungowomndeni we-bustard; igama lesayensi lale nyoni yiTetrax tetrax. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika futhi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-26 kanye nemikhakha eyi-11. Ekuqaleni, i-bustard yayibalwa njenge-crane, kepha izifundo zamangqamuzana ososayensi zikhombisile ukuthi lo ngumndeni ohluke ngokuphelele.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-bustard yile:
- ubuhle be-bustard;
- ama-bustard amakhulu;
- ama-bustard amancane;
- Ama-bustard ase-Afrika;
- ama-bustard amancane (kokubili uhlobo kanye nommeleli kuphela wohlobo - uhlobo), okungezona ezohlobo oluvamile, kodwa anesimo esibalulekile kuwo.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-bustard (16 kwezingama-26) zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, yize izinyoni zizivumelanisa kalula nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.
Ama-Bustards ahlukile ngokubukeka, kepha izici ezikhona cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zingahlukaniswa:
- umzimba oqinile onekhanda elikhulu;
- izinhlobo eziningi phakathi kwabesilisa zinesigaxa emakhanda, esidlala indima ebalulekile emidlalweni yokukhwelana;
- intamo ende kodwa eqinile;
- umlomo omfishane oqondile;
- amaphiko abanzi aqinile;
- ayikho inzwane yangemuva, ekhombisa indlela yokuphila yezinyoni zasemhlabeni;
- ama-bustards wesilisa makhulu kunabesifazane, kepha lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu;
- izimpaphe ze-bustard ziyafihla, zivikele.
Bonke abamele umndeni we-bustard bahlala phansi futhi bahamba kahle ngezidladla zabo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ngokungafani ne-partridges, bakhetha ukungagijimi, kodwa ukundiza, okwenza kube izinto ezilula zokuzingela ezemidlalo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bird bird bustard
Inyoni inobungako benkukhu: isisindo asivamile ukudlula i-1 kg, ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-44; amaphiko ezinsikazi angama-83 cm, kwabesilisa - kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-91. Isisindo sabesilisa nabesifazane naso sihlukile - 500 no-900 g, ngokulandelana.
I-bustard encane inomthethosisekelo womzimba oqinile onemilenze eqinile emnyama ephuzi, inhloko enkulu, eyisicaba kancane, noqhwaku olufushane oluwolintshi. Amehlo ka-bustard omncane anombala owolintshi omnyama. Umbala uyafihla, kodwa wehlukile kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Umsila mfushane; esimweni esizolile, amaphiko alingana ngokuqinile emzimbeni.
Ehlobo, abantu besifazane nabesilisa babukeka behlukile. Owesifazane akashintshi ingubo yakhe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka: unezimpaphe ezimpunga ezinamabala amaningi afakwe amabala amnyama. Lezi zindawo zifana namagagasi amancane, okwenza umbala ufihle ngangokunokwenzeka, ukwazi ukudida isilwane esizingelayo. Isisu nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwentamo kumhlophe.
Ividiyo: Bustle
Lapho i-bustard yesifazane ivula izimpiko zayo indiza, umngcele omhlophe onqenqemeni lwamaphiko uyabonakala - izimpaphe ezinde zipendwe mhlophe ukuze ziphambanise isitha lapho sihamba. Izimpaphe ezingaphandle zinombala omnyama. Futhi, kwabesifazane ungabona ukuqhuma okuncane ekhanda, kwesinye isikhathi okushaywa ngumoya ngenkathi indiza, kepha akunanzuzo ebonakalayo.
Ebusika, abesilisa abahlukile ngombala kwabesifazane futhi izinyoni zingahlukaniswa kude nosayizi kuphela - owesilisa mkhulu. Kepha ehlobo, ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ushintsha izimpaphe zakhe azenze ezikhanyayo eziheha abesifazane. Izimpaphe zithola umbala obomvu, imivimbo ye-wavy isala, kepha iba cishe engabonakali - nsundu.
Isisu esimhlophe nesisekelo semilenze siba bukhrim. Intamo ikhanya kakhulu: ipendwe ngemigqa emibili emikhulu emnyama nemibili emhlophe mncane. Umugqa omhlophe phansi kwekhanda wakha ikona elifana nokhololo. Izimpaphe ekhanda nazo ziba mpunga, zithatha umbala o-silvery.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho owesilisa eqala ukukhala phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, isifuba sakhe siyabonakala ngokusobala, sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - isikhwama somphimbo, esikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisindo ephezulu.
Ngenkathi icula, owesilisa uphephetha izimpaphe ekhanda lakhe - akanaso isithwathwa emqhele, kepha imigqa emibili yezimpaphe ezimnyama iholela ezinhlangothini zangakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla sekhanda, idlulele entanyeni. Kuleli fomu, inyoni yesilisa ingafaniswa nesibankwa esithosiwe.
Uhlala kuphi uBustard omncane?
Isithombe: Strepet eRussia
Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni we-bustard, akhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo, i-bustard encane ithanda amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo. Uhlala eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Okwezindawo zokuhlala, izindawo ezikhethiwe zikhethiwe - izinkambu namathafa.
ERussia, i-bustard encane ingatholakala ezindaweni eziqhelile:
- Isifunda seVolga Ephakathi Nasezansi;
- eningizimu yesifunda sase-Ulyanovsk (cishe iminyaka emithathu abakwazi ukuthola umkhondo we-bustard encane - mhlawumbe banyamalala);
- IVolga;
- eningizimu yama-Urals.
Phambilini, i-bustard encane yayisakazeke kakhulu esifundeni saseLipetsk, eLower Don, eKalmykia, ezifundeni zaseKletsky naseSerafimsky, emabhange ezifunda ze-Ilovlinsky naseFrolovsky, eSpesko-Manych steppes.
Kwi-bustard encane, ukuzala kwenhlabathi nomswakama omncane kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezivundile ezingakakhiwa izitshalo zezolimo zikhethwa njengezindawo zokwakha izidleke. Ngenxa yokubuyiswa komhlaba okukhulu nokulinywa kwamasimu namathafa, ama-bustard amancane, ake aba nenqwaba yabantu, aseyivelakancane.
Izinyoni zikhetha izigodi ezomile ezinemithambeka emikhulu neziteshi zemifula ezingatheni - amanzi abalulekile ku-bustard encane, kepha izilwane eziningi kakhulu nezinye izinyoni ezincintisanayo zigobhozela kuwo. Imithambeka yezigodi ezikhethiwe ivame ukugcwala isoyi, efihla izinyoni ekuhloleni amehlo. Ngaphansi kokuvamile bakhetha amadlelo aluhlaza - kunzima ukuzifihla kuwo. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ama-bustard amancane emathafeni obumba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-bustard encane kunzima ukuyibala, ngoba ngesikhathi sokungahlanganisi, izinyoni ziyathula futhi aziqhakambisi. Kepha abazingeli babeqondiswa yimikhondo yabo - ama-bustard amancane ajwayele ukushiya unyawo olumathathu enhlabathini emanzi.
Izinyoni nazo zakha izidleke phansi, kepha, njengomthetho, abesifazane bakwenza lokhu futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalisa - abesilisa bahlala ngaphandle kokuhlala unomphela. Esidlekeni, insikazi imba umgodi bese iyayivimba ngotshani futhi ngeyayo phansi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-bustard encane ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-bustard encane?
Isithombe: Little bustard ovela eRed Book
Izinyoni zihamba ebusuku, njengoba kuvame ukushisa emini, lapho ama-bustard amancane ecasha khona ezihlahleni ezimnyama. Ebusika, zingaphuma sekuhlwile, lapho sekumnyama ngokwanele. Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho bayasebenza kakhulu emini, bayaphuma bayokondla ekuseni kakhulu futhi baphele kusihlwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-bustard amancane anamahloni kakhulu - angathuswa yimoto edlula kude noma izinkomo zidla emasimini.
Izinyoni ziyizidlakudla; kaningi ukudla kwansuku zonke kufaka:
- imbewu kanye namahlumela ezitshalo;
- izimpande ezithambile;
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- izimbali ezinempova emnandi;
- amakhilikithi, izintethe, izinkumbi;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- imisundu yegazi, izimvemvane.
Izinyoni zezifunda ezisenyakatho zithanda ukudla kwezilwane, zingadla ngisho namagundane amancane asensimini namanye amagundane. Isilinganiso sezitshalo ezilwaneni ekudleni cishe singamaphesenti angama-30 kanye nama-70, ngokulandelana.
Isimo sabo sengqondo ngamanzi naso sehlukile. Ama-bustard amancane avela ezindaweni ezifudumele zesimo sezulu akakwazi ukuthwala ukungabi namanzi - ahlala njalo eduze kwemifula emincane noma amachibi. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho zithola iningi lamanzi ezitshalweni ngakho-ke azidingi ukondliwa emithonjeni yamanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Little bustard e-Astrakhan
Ama-bustard amancane asemhlabeni kuphela, yize endiza kahle. Zihamba kancane, zenza amagxathu amade, kepha ngezikhathi zengozi ziyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha ngamagagasi amakhulu. Lapho zisuka, izinyoni zivame ukukhala ngokufana nokuhleka, noma impempe; ngesikhathi sendiza, nazo zivame ukwenza imisindo ethile. Ngesikhathi sendiza, zishaya amaphiko azo ngamandla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-bustard amancane andiza ngokushesha okukhulu, afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h.
Indlela yokuphila ye-bustard encane ingaqhathaniswa naleyo yenkukhu yasekhaya. Bahamba emasimini bafuna ukudla, imvamisa bebheka emuva ngomsindo omncane, kepha ikhanda labo ligobeke phansi ukuze babone kangcono ukudla.
Ama-bustard amancane agcina ngokubodwa noma ngababili, okubahlukanisa nezinhlobo eziningi ze-bustard. Kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa lapho ungabona khona ukuthi ama-bustard amancane adukelana kanjani abe ngamaqembu amancane, nawo ahlukane ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Izinyoni zinamahloni futhi azinalo ulaka. Ngaphandle kwendlela yabo yokuphila (umuntu ngamunye unikezwe indawo ethile lapho adla khona), aziphikisani, zivamise ukwephula imingcele yendawo.
Lapho ingozi isondela, le nyoni ikhipha ukukhala okuthile bese isuka. Kepha ama-bustard amancane awandizi - acasha kuphela otshanini obuseduze bese elinda ukuthi umhlaseli ahambe, njengoba elahlekelwe ngumkhondo. Lokhu kuziphatha akuzange kuthinte abantu abancane be-bustard ngendlela enhle kakhulu, ngoba izinja ezizingelayo zazithola kalula izinyoni otshanini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Common bustard
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa, abesilisa beneminyaka emibili. Amabili ngawodwana, yize akha kuphela isikhathi sokukhula kwamachwane. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ngo-Ephreli, kepha singenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma inyoni ihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, intamo yeduna ipendwe ngemivimbo emnyama nemhlophe - lokhu kwenziwa yi-molt esheshayo. Indoda iyaqala ukudikiza, yenza imisindo enezikhwama ezikhethekile esifubeni sayo - ziyavuvukala kancane lapho icula. Abesilisa abaningana bakhetha insikazi, bese kuthi, tokuya, baqale ukugxuma bese beshaya amaphiko abo ngendlela eyinqaba, bafuthele umphimbo wabo bese bekhuphula izimpaphe zabo. Owesifazane ukhetha owesilisa amthanda kakhulu ngokusho komdanso wakhe nobuhle bezimpaphe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuzingela izinyoni ngenkathi yokukhwelana kwakungokunye okuvame kakhulu - ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bandizela phezulu emdansweni ebangeni elifushane ukusuka phansi, babe sengozini.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi iqala ukuhlomisa isidleke: imba umgodi ojule ngamasentimitha ayi-10 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20. Bese ibeka amaqanda ayi-3-5, ahlala kuwo ngokuqinile amasonto ama-3-4. Uma i-clutch yokuqala ifa ngesizathu esithile kungakapheli isonto, khona-ke insikazi izalela amaqanda amasha.
Iduna liseduze, kepha alondli insikazi, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokufukamela, yehlisa kakhulu isisindo. Uma izilwane ezidla ezinye zivela eduze, owesilisa udonsela ukunakekela kwakhe kuye azisuse ku-clutch. Uma, noma kunjalo, umhlaseli efika ku-clutch, isazela asivumeli insikazi ukuba ishiye isidleke, ngenxa yalokho ifa.
Amachwane achanyuselwe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala aqala ukulandela unina futhi azondle ngokwawo. Eyeduna ihlala eduze kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu egcwele ngokugcwele bese eqala ukundiza - lokhu kuthatha cishe inyanga. Imvamisa izingane zihlala nonina ebusika bokuqala, bese ziqala impilo ezimele.
Izitha zemvelo zama-bustard amancane
Isithombe: Ama-bustard amancane endizeni
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, i-bustard encane ihlangana nezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
ENyakatho Afrika, lezi yizi:
- izimpungushe, izimpisi, izimpungushe;
- izidumbu zezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakati asendle;
- izimpisi, ama-mongooses;
- ama-otters, ama-martens;
- ama-ferrets, ama-weasel;
- amagundane amakhulu abhubhisa ama-bustard clutches.
Endaweni yaseRussia, i-bustard encane ihlangana nalezi zilwane:
- impungushe ye-arctic nezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe;
- i-sable, marten, mink, edliwa izinyoni uqobo kanye namaqanda azo;
- i-lynx ne-wolverine;
- amagundane, ama-voles nama-hedgehogs ayakwazi ukucekela phansi izidleke zezinyoni.
Lapho ishayisana nomzingeli, inyoni inyukela phezulu emoyeni, ikhala. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani le nyoni ikhala, ngoba ama-bustard amancane ahlala yedwa futhi awanamuntu ongamazisa ngokusondela kwengozi. Kukholakala ukuthi lo mkhuba ungokwemvelo kuzo zonke izinyoni zomndeni we-bustard, noma ngabe uphila kanjani.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bird bird bustard
U-Little bustard ubhalwe ku-Red Book.
Ukunyamalala kwayo kungenxa yezici eziningi:
- impumelelo yokuzalanisa okuphansi. Izinyoni zivame ukubeka amaqanda amabili kanye ngonyaka, kodwa amaphuphu amaningi awasindi;
- ukufa okuphezulu kwabantu abadala kusuka ezitheni zemvelo;
- ukuzingelwa okubanzi kwe-bustard encane ngesikhathi sayo sokukhwelana;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu nama-steppes - indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko ye-bustard encane. Inyoni ayikwazi ukuhlala eduze komuntu ngenxa yokwesaba kwayo.
Iningi labantu abancane be-bustard njengamanje lakha ngempumelelo eSpain - cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-43,071. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-9 bahlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 babalwa eKazakhstan ngesikhathi sika-2011.
Yize kunamanani amakhulu, kusesehla kakhulu isibalo sama-bustard amancane emazweni amaningi omhlaba. I-bustard encane inyamalale ngokuphelele eNdiya, eRomania naseCroatia, yize abantu bayo kula mazwe bake bazinza.
Abazingeli abancane baziswa ngokunambitheka kwayo, futhi ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRussia, ukuzingela kwezemidlalo kwakwenziwa ngenkuthalo kuyo. Manje endaweni yaseRussia ukuzingela i-bustard encane akuvunyelwe, yize izinhlobo zisaqhubeka nokunyamalala ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Ukuqapha ama-bustard amancane
Isithombe: Little bustard ovela eRed Book
Okulandelayo kuhlongozwa njengezindlela zokuvikela abantu abancane be-bustard:
- kumisa ukukhula komnotho kwezolimo ezindaweni ezihlala abantu. Ukwanda komnotho kule ndawo kuhilela ukwanda kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwemishini nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, ukubandakanyeka kokufakwa kwemali ekukhiqizweni, into ephazamisayo, ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo izinyoni ezidla kuzo;
- ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphephile kwezinyoni ebusika, ngoba ngesikhathi sezindiza nasebusika zithola ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngenxa yezimo zezulu kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho;
- ukuqinisa izinga lohlelo lokuvikela imvelo, ukuthuthukisa isu lokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo zemvelo;
- ukuqedwa kwesici sokushintsha ama-steppe kanye ne-biotopes yensimu - kumisa ukutshalwa kwamahlathi lapho bekukhona khona i-steppe, ngoba lokhu kubhubhisa indawo yemvelo yama-bustard amancane.
Uhlelo olwethulwe "Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezindlela zokuphatha zezindawo ezivikelwe ku-steppe biome yaseRussia" luhlinzekela ukutadisha inani nokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni, kucatshangelwa izici ezibalulekile zemvelo kubo ezifundeni zesifunda sase-Orenburg naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia.
I-Bustard - inyoni ebalulekile ku-ecosystem of steppes namasimu. Igcina izinambuzane eziningi, kufaka phakathi lezo eziyingozi emasimini ezolimo. Ukunyamalala kwe-bustard encane kuzofaka ukusabalala kwezinambuzane nokuqothulwa kwezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha ngokucophelela inani lale nyoni engavamile futhi enhle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/14/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/25/2019 ngo-18: 36
