Abantu bafunda ngenyoni engajwayelekile ehlala eduze noMfula i-Rioni eGeorgia isikhathi eside. Manje umhlaba wonke umazi njenge-pheasant.
Incazelo ye-pheasant
I-pheasant ejwayelekile noma yaseCaucasus ngummeleli omkhulu kunayo yonke woku-oda kwezinkukhu.... Lezi zinhlobo zifaka ama-subspecies angama-32, ahlukile ngombala.
Ukubukeka
Inkomba
- Ubude bomzimba kufaka phakathi umsila: abesilisa 70-90 cm; abesifazane 55-70cm.
- Isisindo: abesilisa 1.3-2 kg, abesifazane 1-1.4 kg.
- Ubude bomsila: abesilisa 45-60 cm, abesifazane 20-25 cm.
Izimpiko zifushane, zimise okweqanda. Iqubuka emilenzeni. Umsila mude, umise okonjiwe. Siqukethe izimpaphe eziyi-18 ezibheke ngasekupheleni. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa: abesilisa be-pheasant bakhulu kakhulu ngosayizi futhi bakhanya ngombala kunabesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye sezici zokubukeka kwepheasant yesilisa indawo ezungeze amehlo nezihlathi ngaphandle kwezimpaphe. Lezi zindawo ziba bomvu ngokugqamile lapho zidikiza.
Umbala wepheasant wesilisa ngumsebenzi wobuciko. Ngokuvamile, ithoni ephelele ibomvu yegolide noma i-sheen ephuzi. Izimpiko zinsundu ngokukhanyayo. Inhloko inombala we-emerald-metallic. Ingaphambili lentamo nesifuba limfusa ngombala wensimbi. Ngemuva kwekhanda kunezimpaphe ezinde zegolide ezisondelene nokuluhlaza phezulu. Indawo engemuva kwentamo ingumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Ingaphambili lombala linephethini enesikhala samabala amnyama. Cishe zonke izimpaphe zomzimba ezingenhla zinemiphetho ebomvu. Iphansi lilula. Isisu sivamise ukuba nsundu ngombala. Umlomo nemilenze kuphuzi.
Ama-subspecies amaningi we-pheasant ejwayelekile anezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezici ngombala. Isibonelo, i-pheasant yaseGeorgia inebala elinsundu esiswini sayo, elenziwe izimpaphe ezicwebezelayo. Umbala we-pheasant waseJapane uhlaza oluhlaza kakhulu. Umbala we-Khiva pheasant ubuswa yimithunzi ebomvu-yethusi.
Abesifazane abagqamile ngezimpaphe zabo ezimibalabala. Ngakho-ke, imvelo iyavikela, ibenze bangabonakali ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, okwenza kube lula ukuzala nokondla inzalo. Umbala wabesifazane uvame ukuhluka, kepha ebangeni elithile le-brown brown shades. Emzimbeni kunephethini yezikali ezimnyama nsundu. Kunezintambo eziqinile ekhanda nasentanyeni, ezenza lezi zingxenye zibonakale zimnyama. Kukhona ukukhanya okuphephele kakhulu kwe-violet. Engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba nangaphansi kwentamo kunamabala ansundu womumo oyindilinga. Imilenze noqhwaku kumpunga.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umnikazi wezimpaphe ezinemibala empilweni kufanele ahlale ecasha ukuze angabi yisisulu somzingeli. I-pheasant inamahloni ngokweqile futhi iyaqaphela. Ithanda ukucasha ezihlahleni ezihlahleni noma isotshanini obuminyene obude. Ngokwazi okukhulu, kukhuphuka izihlahla bese kuyaphumula phakathi kwamahlamvu. Ngaphambi kokuba ehlele phansi, ubheka isikhathi eside. Bese iwa ngokuzuma nangokushesha, iguqule i-engeli ngokungazelelwe futhi ingene emzileni ovundlile, ushibilika emoyeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwabo bonke abamele umndeni wezinkukhu, i-pheasant iphethe irekhodi lokugijima ngesivinini. Isimo asithathayo lapho egijima naso siyathakazelisa: welula intamo yakhe nekhanda phambili, ngenkathi ephakamisa umsila wakhe. Ngakho-ke, indlela ebekwe ngokwemvelo isiza ukuthuthukisa kakhulu i-aerodynamics yokugijima.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, eqala entwasahlobo, ama-pheasants agcina iqembu lobulili obufanayo. Amaqembu abesilisa maningi kakhulu kunamaqembu abesifazane. Ukuvakasha kwenzelwa ukufuna ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, izinguquko zokuziphatha. Ama-pheasants ahlala emaqenjini amancane emindeni. Impilo yonke, bakhetha indawo eseduze nedamu, ecebile ngohlaza kanye nokudla. Bahlala emahlathini, ezihlahleni.
Bazithanda kakhulu izihlahlana zezihlahla ezinameva ezivikela lezi zinyoni ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Umzingeli omkhulu uzogibela kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezihlahleni ezinameva. Bathanda amahlathi etugai nezindawo zomhlanga okungahambeki kuzo ezigodini zemifula. Izidleke zakhiwa phansi, budebuduze nemizimba yamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, i-pheasant inika izwi endizeni kuphela. Umsindo ubukhali, unamandla, uyashesha. Ngesikhathi samanje, ikhipha izimpawu ezikhethekile zezwi.
Iphila lihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi sokuphila se-pheasant ekuthunjweni yiminyaka eyi-12-15. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kurekhodwe isikhathi sokuphila somuntu - iminyaka engu-7 nezinyanga eziyi-7.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-pheasant isakazeke impela: kusuka ePyrenean Peninsula kuya eziqhingini zaseJapan... Uhlala eCaucasus, eTurkmenistan, eMpumalanga Ekude, eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Uyakwazi ukuhlala noma kuphi ebusika ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa akweqi kumasentimitha angama-20. Ezintabeni uzizwa ekhululekile ebangeni elingafika kuma-2600 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukudla okuvamile kwe-pheasant
Ukudla kwe-pheasant kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo: imbewu, amajikijolo, amahlumela, izithelo. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zisetshenziselwa ukudla. Ama-pheasants nawo awenqabi ukudla kwezilwane: izibungu, iminenke, izinambuzane, izicabucabu, izinyoka ezincane namagundane. Kodwa-ke, ama-pheasants amaningi akhetha ukudla kwezitshalo. Ama-pheasants asanda kuzalwa afinyelela inyanga yonke adla kuphela ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni, futhi lapho ekhula, ashintshela ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo.
Ukuze uthole ukugaya okuhle, ama-pheasants adinga ukuvakashelwa: amatshe amancane. Ukudla kutholakala phansi, kukhiwa inhlabathi ngezidladla eziqinile nangomlomo obukhali. Ukudla kuqoqwa ezihlahleni ngokugxuma phezulu naphezulu. Ngesikhathi lapho ukudla kuyindlala, izinsalela zezithelo zingatholakala ezihlahleni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, ama-pheasants angena enkathini yokukhwelana. Uma abesilisa nabesifazane bangaphambilini bebehlala ngokwehlukana, manje isimo sishintsha kakhulu. Abesilisa bahlukana nomhlambi bahambe. Ukukhetha noma ukunqoba insimu engamamitha angama-400-500, baqala ukuyivikela.
Ukuze benze lokhu, bahlala begada le ndawo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bekhombisa abanye abesilisa ukuthi le ndawo ihlala abantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bemema abesifazane ngokwabo. Abesifazane, ngokungafani nabesilisa, abahambi ngamunye ngamunye, bahlala ngamaqembu abantu abayi-3-4. Kuleli qembu, i-pheasant ikhetha ngokucophelela umlingani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-pheasants angabodwa, kepha ekuthunjweni akhombisa isithembu.
Abesilisa balwa ngenkuthalo nozakwabo, bavikela indawo engamamitha ayi-400-500 futhi bahlala begada, bevikela ekuhlaselweni nasekumenyelweni kwabesifazane kubo. Abesifazane beza ngamaqembu amancane abantu aba-3-4. Owesilisa ukhetha owesifazane nabalingani naye.
Umdanso wokukhwelana noma ukugxuma kwe-pheasant kuqala lapho i-pheasant iphakama futhi iqala ukushaya amaphiko ayo ngokuqinile ukuze ingathinti umhlaba... Kulokhu, umsila uyavuleka, ukhuphuka ama-45-50 degrees. Izipeki zesilisa, zixegisa inhlabathi, zicoshe okusanhlamvu ziphose, ngaleyo ndlela zimeme insikazi. Kuyathakazelisa imisindo eyenziwa yi-pheasant ngesikhathi samanje. Kukhona ukukhala okukhulu komshado, okuqukethe izinhlamvu ezimbili "kh-kh". Ngomsindo obukhali, omfushane, oqhumayo kancane futhi oshubile. Ngemuva kwayo, i-pheasant ivamise ukushaya amaphiko ayo futhi idlidlize ngezwi layo. Futhi kukhona izwi lesibili le-pheasant, ngesikhathi senjabulo nokusondela eduze kowesifazane, ushicilela i- "gu-gu-gu" ethule, eyisithulu.
Ngaphambi kokulingiswa, izindawo ezingenamadlanzana owesilisa emzimbeni ziba bomvu. Ngemuva kwe-coitus, iduna livula umsila nezimpiko zalo libhekise kowesifazane futhi ligobise ikhanda lalo phansi, ukuze licishe lithinte phansi. Bese ehamba kancane azungeze umlingani wakhe enze imisindo yokuhayiza. Uma kwenzeka ukuqomisana okuphumelelayo, i-pheasant yesifazane yakha isidleke. Uzenzela yedwa, owesilisa akabambiqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke nasekukhuliseni amaphuphu. Isidleke sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-12 cm cm, ububanzi buyi-12-30 cm.Ijwayele ukwakhiwa emhlabathini, ngenkathi zifihlwe kahle otshanini noma ezihlahleni ezinameva.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda ansundu phakathi no-Mashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukwenza lokhu kanye ngosuku. Ingqikithi yamaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12 atholakala. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ifukamela amaqanda izinsuku ezingama-22-25. Ngalesi sikhathi, cishe awuvuki ku-clutch, uxosha ngokuqinile izinyamazane ezincane futhi uvikele ama-pheasants wesikhathi esizayo. Owesifazane uxoshiwe kuphela ezimweni lapho amandla akhe emshiya. Avuke kafushane esidlekeni ayodla. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo sowesifazane sincishiswa cishe isigamu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, owesilisa useduze futhi uletha ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlobo zama-pheasants zitholakala ngisho nasekwindla, ngaphandle kokuthi imvamisa insikazi izala iqoqo elilodwa lamaqanda ngesizini ngayinye. Lokhu kwenzeka uma i-clutch yokuqala ifela ezinyaweni zesilwane esidliwayo futhi owesifazane akanakho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokuzama ukuhlehlisa i-clutch yesibili.
Ama-pheasants achanyuselwe ahlala esidlekeni amahora ambalwa kuphela, bese elandela ngenjabulo umama wawo eyofuna ukudla. Zidinga ukuvikelwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-80, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12-15 sezikwazi ngokuphelele ukundiza. Insikazi ifundisa amatshwele ukuthola ukudla kanti ekuqaleni ukudla kwezingane ukudla kwezilwane okunothe ngamaprotheni. Ukuthomba kuma-pheasants amancane kuqala kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-220 zokuphila, okusho ukuthi sebekhule baba ngabantu abadala abazimele.
Kusukela osukwini lwama-250, ama-pheasants amaningi aqala ngokuzalanisa... Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngabesilisa, ngoba ama-ovari kwabesifazane akhiwa kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ekuthunjweni, abesifazane bayahlangana futhi banakekele wonke amazinyane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amaphuphu afinyelela kuma-50 akhuliswa ngokuphepha. Indoda nayo ayikhombisi ukuyikhathalela inzalo. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa, yize bodwa, bazala abesifazane ababili noma abathathu emndenini wabo, futhi baletha inzalo minyaka yonke.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zama-pheasants ajwayelekile yizimpungushe, izimpungushe, ama-cougars, ama-lynx, izinja zasendle, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni ezidla inyama, njengezikhova no-hawks.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, cishe abantu abangama-80% bayafa.
Ezimweni zanamuhla, abantu baba usongo olukhulu kuma-pheasants. Inyama eyigugu, enomsoco yalezi zinyoni yisizathu sokuzizingela. Umuntu uvame ukusebenzisa izinja ezizingelayo ekubambeni ama-pheasants, azisebenzisa kalula futhi ngokushesha lezi zinyoni. Isitholile isihlava, inja iyayikhuphula isihlahla bese kuthi lapho inyoni isuka, umzingeli adubule.
Inani lokuhweba
Inyama ye-pheasant emnandi futhi enomsoco kudala yaziswa ngabantu. Amagremu ayi-100 aqukethe ama-254 kcal. Inyama yePheasant inomthelela omuhle emzimbeni, yandisa ukumelana kwayo nezifo ezahlukahlukene, iqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ukuzalanisa iPheasant kwaqala cishe ngekhulu le-19. Isetshenziselwa ukuzingela, ukudla, nokuhlobisa igceke. Imisebenzi yokuhlobisa yayijwayele ukwenziwa yinsika yegolide.
Ekhulwini lama-20, ukufuya ama-pheasants ngezizathu ezizimele kwaba yinto ejwayelekile.... Ama-pheasants asekhaya aletha inzuzo enkulu kubanikazi. Igatsha elihlukile lokuzalela i-pheasant liyavela. Le nyoni ifuyelwa emapulazini okuzingela, ikhulisa njalo inani labantu ngokuwa - inkathi yokuzingela okusebenzayo. Uhlobo olukhethekile lokuzingela luvela - ingxube yezinhlobo zamaShayina, Semirechye kanye neCaucasus. Iphinde itholakale ukuthenga amaphuphu emindeni yomuntu siqu, yokudla nokuhlobisa igceke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Abantu be-pheasant bayalulama ngokushesha naphezu kokusebenzisa kwabo ukuzingela. Phakathi kwezimbangela zemvelo, izimo zezulu nezidliwayo zithinta ubuningi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukwehla kwamanani kwenzeka ngemuva kweqhwa, ubusika obubandayo. Uma izinga leqhwa liba ngaphezu kuka-20 cm futhi lihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, inani lama-pheasants lifinyelela kwizigidi ezingama-300. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ibeka pheasant njenge- "Least Concern".
