Namuhla sizokhuluma ngebhungane. Le bhungane inkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Amanye amaduna afinyelela kuma-90 mm. Futhi inyamazane eyinsikazi - owesibili ngobukhulu ohlala eRussian Federation.
Ibhungane lendoda elidala
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo okuhlala kuyo leli bhungane kungamahlathi aqabulayo atholakala eYurophu, ezinye izingxenye ze-Asia, iTurkey, i-Iran nezingxenye ezithile ze-Afrika. Abesilisa banamandla amakhulu abukeka njengezimpondo. Leli bhungane wuhlobo olungavamile, yingakho lubhalwe kuRed Data Books of Europe. Isizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sezinhlobo zalesi silwane ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuyindawo yokuhlala la mabhungane, kanye nokuqoqwa kwabantu.
Kuyaqabukela uhlangane "nezinyamazane" futhi kwezinye izindawo kuphela, kepha imvamisa zitholakala ngobuningi endaweni encane. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, la mabhungane anokuhluka okukhulu ngosayizi. Banombala onsundu - kwabesilisa, abamnyama - kwabesifazane, i-elytra emboza ngokuphelele isisu sesinambuzane.
Esithombeni kunebhungane lensikazi lensikazi
Futhi banezitho ezibalulekile zombono. Abesilisa banenhloko enwetshiwe, ngokungafani nabesifazane. Leli bhungane lingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, ezihluka ngosayizi wamandla nezimpawu ezithile zangaphandle. Lokhu kuya ngesimo sezulu lapho lesi sinambuzane sikhula khona, ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sezulu esomile njengaleso seCrimea, leli bhungane alikwazi ukukhula libe ngosayizi abakhulu.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ukundiza kwebhungane kuyaqhubeka kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ziyasebenza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, okuya ngendawo yazo yokuhlala - enyakatho yebanga lazo, amabhungane aziveza ikakhulukazi ebusuku, acashe ezihlahleni emini ngotshisi olugeleza luvela kuwo.
Okwamanje, engxenyeni eseningizimu, izinambuzane zisebenza ikakhulukazi emini. Ibhungane lensikazi ithambekele kancane ekundizeni kunabesilisa. Amabhungane andiza ikakhulukazi emabangeni amafushane, yize kwesinye isikhathi ayakwazi ukukhuphukela ku-3 km.
Esithombeni, ibhungane lenyamazane enamaphiko avulekile
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lolu hlobo alukwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusuka endizeni evundlile, kwesinye isikhathi kungathatha imizamo eminingana. Futhi azikwazi ukundiza emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-17 degrees. Imvamisa la mabhungane angalwa nabamele izinhlobo zawo - imvamisa imbangela yokulwa yizindawo lapho ubisi lugeleza khona ezihlahleni.
Ukuba namandla okuqina, phakathi nokulwa okunjalo bayakwazi ukubhoboza i-elytra, ehlukaniswa nobulukhuni babo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube yinhloko yesitha. Ukwesabisa, basakaza "izimpondo" zabo, babe sesimweni sesici, uma lokhu kungathinti ngandlela-thile umphikisi, amabhungane enza ukuhlaselwa okusheshayo, ezama ukumlanda ngezansi. Njengoba ucwaningo lososayensi abahlukahlukene lubonisa, yibhungane elingaphansi komphikisi walo empini eliwinayo, lililahle phansi lisuka egatsheni.
Esithombeni kunempi yamabhungane ezinyamazane
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umonakalo onjalo ngokuvamile awubangeli ukulimala okubulalayo ezinambuzaneni. Ukuba yisidalwa esinolaka kakhulu, ungahlala uthole amavidiyo lapho insect stag beetle elwa nezinye izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ubuye asebenzise amandla akhe ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla inyama nakubantu, yingakho kuyingozi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge i-stag beetle, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, kubathengisi abazimele, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukufakwa ohlwini lweRed Data Books zezinye izifundazwe, kungaphansi kwesivikelo sabo futhi ungathola isijeziso sokuyibulala noma ukuyigcina ekhaya.
Ukudla
Ukuthi, udliwa yini udlwane? ngokuyinhloko kuncike endaweni yayo. Ukumondla ekhaya, kuzokwanela ukunikeza isinambuzane ngesiraphu ethile kashukela, kungenzeka ngokufaka uju noma ijusi.
Ukudla okunjalo kufana ngangokunokwenzeka nalokho ukudla ibhungane endle, futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi kuyimifino, noma izihlahla ezisencane. Uyakwazi futhi ukuluma amahlumela amancane ukuze asetshenziswe ngokulandelayo ijusi yawo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukukhwelana kulezi zinkumbi kuthatha amahora amaningana, mhlawumbe ezihlahleni. Sekunesikhathi ososayensi bethi izinyamazane zizala amaqanda afika ku-100, kodwa lokhu kwaba iqiniso. Sekukonke, insikazi ingabeka amaqanda angaba ngu-20, ngalinye lawo kugwazwa imigodi ekhethekile ngeziqu ezibolile, noma iziqu ezisesigabeni sokubola.
Amaqanda aphuzi ngombala futhi amise okweqanda, isigaba sawo sithatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho aphinde azalwe abe yizibungu. Izibungu ze-stag beetle okunikezwe isici esiyingqayizivele - zikhipha imisindo kumvamisa we-11 kHz, eqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwazo komunye nomunye.
Esithombeni kukhona ibhungane leduna nensikazi
Ukuthuthuka kwabo kuvame ukwenzeka engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yezihlahla ezifile, okungaphezulu kwalokho, okumele zithinteke yisikhunta esimhlophe. Zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi ngokukhuthaza ukubola kokhuni. Njengoba zinesisindo esisodwa nje, ziyakwazi ukudla cishe izinkuni ezingama-22.5 cm ngosuku olulodwa.
Zikhetha izihlahla ezinamakhanda ezinjengama-oki. Lezi zihlahla ziyindawo yazo yokuhlala - zombili ezindala nezibungu. Kungenxa yokuncipha kwabo ukuthi inani lamabhungane liyancipha, futhi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze bangasongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Futhi, lezi zinambuzane ezimangazayo ziyakwazi ukukhula kwezinye izihlahla ezinamakhaza, njenge-elm, i-birch, i-ash, i-poplar, i-hazel nezinye eziningi - yize ukutshalwa kwe-oki kuseseyindawo yabo yokuhlala eyinhloko. Futhi, njengokuhlukile, bayakwazi ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-coniferous, njenge-pine ne-thuja.
Esithombeni, isibungu sebhungane lezinyamazane
Zikhula kulesi sigaba, okungcono iminyaka emihlanu, zinobuthakathaka bokushoda komswakama, kepha, nokho, ziyakwazi ukumelana namakhaza amakhulu, aze afike ku -20 degrees. Zifunda kakhulu ngo-Okthoba. Futhi, lolu hlobo lunezitha eziningi, iningi lazo okuyizinyoni.
Ukudla kuphela isisu salesi sinambuzane, bashiya amandla aso kanye namathambo angaphandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekwindla, kuhamba ehlathini, kutholwa inqwaba yezinsalela zamabhungane ezinyamazane. Kukhona nemininingwane yokuthi izikhova ziyazidla ngamakhanda azo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi leli bhungane yisinambuzane sango-2012 emazweni afana ne-Austria, Switzerland kanye ne-Germany. Futhi, lesi sinambuzane siyinto ethandwa kakhulu kubhayisikobho, ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe kudutshulwe amafilimu amaningi.
