I-Mackerel - inhlanzi, evame ukubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi i-mackerel. Ngaphandle kokuthi bangabomndeni owodwa, laba bameleli ababili bezilwane zasolwandle bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Umehluko uvezwa ngosayizi, ukubukeka, nokuziphatha.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mackerel
UMackerel (Scomberomorus) ungummeleli wesigaba se-mackerel. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zezinhlanzi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-tuna edume umhlaba wonke, i-mackerel, i-mackerel. Zonke izinhlanzi zisesigabeni esikhishwe ngemisebe. Abamele bayo batholakala emhlabeni wonke, futhi iqembu ngokwalo libhekwa njengeliziningi kakhulu ngokwakhiwa kohlobo nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ividiyo: Mackerel
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-mackerels zingezohlobo oluthile lwe-Scomberomorus:
- I-Australia (i-broadband). Itholakala ezindaweni lapho imifula igelezela olwandle. Indawo esemqoka ngamachibi oLwandlekazi i-Indian;
- queensley. IHabitat - amanzi ashisayo oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nasenkabeni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific Ocean;
- IsiMalagasy (multiband). Uhlala emanzini aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Atlantic, kanye nasemanzini asentshonalanga oLwandle lwaseNdiya;
- IsiJapane (sinamabala amahle). Inhlanzi enjalo ihlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific;
- I-Australia (ibonwe). Itholakala emanzini asempumalanga oLwandlekazi i-Indian, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zoLwandlekazi iPacific;
- I-Papuan. Uhlala emanzini asenkabeni nentshonalanga yoLwandlekazi iPacific;
- I-Spanish (ibonwe). Kutholakala e-Atlantic Ocean (izingxenye ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga nasenkabeni nentshonalanga);
- IsiKorea. Kutholakala olwandle lwaseNdiya kanye nasePacific (amanzi asenyakatho ntshonalanga) olwandle;
- okunemigqa emide. Uhlala e-Indian Ocean, kanye nasemanzini asenkabeni nentshonalanga yePacific;
- i-bonito enamabala. Habitat - Northwestern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean;
- i-monochromatic (Californian). Kutholakala kuphela emanzini asenkabeni nasempumalanga oLwandlekazi iPacific;
- ubukhosi obumthende. Habitat - amanzi asentshonalanga yePacific, kanye nezindawo ezishisayo zoLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya;
- bobukhosi. Kutholakala emanzini oLwandle i-Atlantic;
- waseBrazil. Iphinde itholakale olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean.
Izinhlanzi ziyahluka hhayi kuphela endaweni yazo (olwandle), kodwa futhi nasekujuleni. Isibonelo, ukujula okuphezulu lapho kutholakala khona i-mackerel yaseSpain akudluli kumamitha angama-35-40. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu baseMalagay batholakala ebangeni elingamamitha angama-200 ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Ngaphandle, wonke ama-mackerel ayafana. Umehluko omncane ngosayizi uhlotshaniswa nendawo yokuhlala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani imackerel
Usacabanga ukuthi i-mackerel ne-mackerel ziyefana ngokubukeka? Lokhu akunjalo neze.
Izici ezihlukile zabantu be-mackerel yilezi:
- ubukhulu. Ama-Pisces amakhulu kakhulu kunabo afunda nabo. Umzimba wabo uvulekile futhi unesimo se-fusiform. Umsila mncane;
- ikhanda. Ngokungafani ne-mackerel, ama-mackerels anekhanda elifushane futhi elibukhali;
- umhlathi. AmaMackerels anomhlathi onamandla. Imvelo ibanike amazinyo anxantathu aqinile futhi amakhulu, ngenxa yokuzingela kwezinhlanzi;
- umbala. Isici esiyinhloko se-mackerel ubukhona bamabala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bemivimbo emikhulu bude kunalabo bama-mackerels. Umzimba uqobo upendwe ngombala osasiliva oluhlaza.
Abamele lesi sigaba bangafika kubude obungamasentimitha angama-60 (nangaphezulu). Lezi zinhlanzi zikhuluphele kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-mackerels amancane awadluli kunama-mackerels. Noma kunjalo, ababanjwa ngama-anglers. Lokhu kungenxa yenani elanele lezinhlobo - asikho isidingo sokubamba inzalo encane.
IMackerel nayo inezimpiko ezimbili zasemuva kanye namaphiko omzimba amancane. Amaphiko okhalweni atholakala eduze kwesifuba. Umsila ubanzi, uhlukile ngesimo. Izikali zabamele ama-mackerel zincane kakhulu futhi cishe azibonakali. Ubukhulu besikali buyakhuphuka buqonde ekhanda. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zinhlanzi yindandatho yamathambo ezungeze amehlo (ejwayelekile kubo bonke abamele isigaba).
Uhlala kuphi umackerel?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeMackerel
Indawo yokuhlala yabantu abanjengo-mackerel ihluke kakhulu.
Kukhona izinhlanzi emanzini:
- I-Indian Ocean ilulwandle lwesithathu ngobukhulu eMhlabeni. Igeza i-Asia, i-Afrika, i-Australia, kanye nemingcele e-Antarctica. Noma kunjalo, i-mackerel itholakala kuphela emanzini ase-Australia nase-Asia. Lapha uhlala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100;
- I-Pacific Ocean ilulwandle lokuqala endaweni enweba amanzi alo phakathi kwe-Australia, i-Eurasia, i-Antarctica neMelika (eNyakatho naseNingizimu). AmaMackerels atholakala ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, nasempumalanga yolwandle. Isilinganiso sokujula sokuphila kulezi zindawo ngamamitha ayi-150;
- I-Atlantic Ocean ingumzimba wamanzi wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kutholakala phakathi kweSpain, i-Afrika, iYurophu, iGreenland, i-Antarctica, iMelika (eNyakatho naseNingizimu). Ukuze i-mackerel ephilayo khetha izingxenye zayo ezisentshonalanga, enyakatho-ntshonalanga, eningizimu-mpumalanga; Ibanga elilinganisiwe ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi kuya endaweni yezinhlanzi ngamamitha angama-200.
Abamele isigaba seScomberomorus bazizwa bekhululekile emanzini apholile, asezindaweni ezishisayo, nakwezifudumele. Abayithandi imizimba yamanzi abandayo, echaza indawo enjalo. Ungahlangana ne-mackerel off Saint Helena, ugu lwase-US, ePersian Gulf, eSuez Canal nokuningi. Isifunda ngasinye sinezinhlobo zaso.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona i-mackerel. Ake sibone ukuthi yini edliwa yizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.
Idlani imackerel?
Isithombe: King mackerel
Wonke amalungu esigaba se-mackerel ayizidalwa ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yamanzi avundile olwandle olukhulu, izinhlanzi akudingeki zibulawe indlala. Ukudla kwabo kuhluka kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- ama-sand eel izinhlanzi ezincane ezidlayo zomndeni we-eel. Ngaphandle, zifana nezinyoka ezincane. Bafihla uhhafu esihlabathini, bazenze ulwelwe. Zibhekwa njengezisulu ezilula zama-mackerels, ngoba isikhathi sabo esiningi izinhlanzi ziyangcwatshwa, okusho ukuthi azinawo amandla okucasha ngokushesha kumzingeli;
- Ama-cephalopods amele ama-molluscs abonakala ngokulingana kwamazwe amabili kanye nenani elikhulu (8-10) lamatende atholakala ekhanda. Leli qembu elincane lifaka octopus, cuttlefish, nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-squid. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abamele ama-mollusk abafakiwe ekudleni kwama-mackerels, kodwa kuphela abantu babo abancane;
- ama-crustaceans angama-arthropods ambozwe amagobolondo. Imfene ne-crayfish “kuyisibiliboco” esiyintandokazi se-mackerel. Zondla izinhlanzi namanye amalungu ekilasi;
- izinhlanzi zasogwini - izinhlanzi ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezisogwini lolwandle. Okuncamelayo kwe-mackerel kunikezwa izinhlobo ze-herring, nazo ezifakwe ekilasini elikhanyiswe ngemisebe, kanye nefry yabanye abantu.
AmaMackerels awaziboni izimo ezikhethekile zokudla okunempilo. Isici sabo kuphela kulokhu sikwenqaba cishe ukudla okuphelele ebusika. Izinhlanzi zinezinqolobane ezanele ezizondlayo ezinyangeni ezifudumele. Ebusika, abameleli be-mackerel, empeleni, bahamba kancane futhi bahola indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho. Ukuzingela kwamaMackerel. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, bakha uhlobo lwe-cauldron, lapho beshayela khona izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngemuva kokuthi isisulu sithathiwe, sonke isikole siqala ukukhuphuka kancane siye emanzini, lapho inqubo yokuzidla uqobo yenzeka khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaMackerels aminzile kangangokuba abona okungaba yisisulu kukho konke. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungababamba ngisho nangehhuku elingenalutho kwezinye izifunda.
Ngakho-ke, wonke ama-mackerel ayondliwa. Ungabona indawo yama-mackerels "kwasemini" ukude. Amahlengethwa avame ukubhukuda azungeze isikole esilambile, kanti nezinhlanzi zasolwandle nazo ziyandiza.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Blue mackerel
AmaMackerels izinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zolwandle lokuqala ngobukhulu. Babuye babhukude ezilwandle (kufaka phakathi uLwandle Olumnyama). Abatholakali ekujuleni okukhulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni ezisondele kakhulu ogwini. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngabadobi abaningi ababamba inyamazane ngenduku. Bonke abamele ama-mackerel bangabohlobo lwezinhlanzi ezifudukayo. Zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini afudumele (kusuka kuma-degree angama-8 kuye kwangama-20). Mayelana nalokhu, kunesidingo esiqhubekayo sokushintsha indawo yokuhlala.
Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kubantu abahlala emanzini oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya. Ukushisa kwamanzi lapha kufanelekile ukuhlala unyaka wonke. Ama-mackerels ase-Atlantic athuthela oLwandle Olumnyama ebusika, kanye nasemanzini asogwini lwaseYurophu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-mackerel cishe awahlali ebusika ogwini lwaseTurkey. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izinhlanzi azenzi lutho futhi zikhombisa imvelo yokudla. Cishe azondli futhi zigcine ikakhulukazi emithambekeni yamashalofu ezwekazi. Baqala ukubuyela "emazweni abo omdabu" ngokufika kwentwasahlobo.
Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, iScomberomorus iyasebenza kakhulu. Abahlali ezansi. AmaMackerels angabhukudi abahle kakhulu futhi azizwa ethembekile endaweni enamanzi. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ekunyakazeni ukuhamba ngobuhlakani nokugwema izivunguvungu. Ijubane lokuthula lenhlanzi lingamakhilomitha angama-20-30 ngehora. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho ibamba inyamazane, inhlanzi ingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-80 ngehora ngemizuzwana emi-2 kuphela (lapho iphosa). Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaphiko osayizi abahlukahlukene.
Isivinini sokunyakaza esisheshayo sitholakala ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwesikhumba sokubhukuda kanye nesakhiwo somzimba esikhethekile esimise okokuphotha. Bazama ukubamba izinhlanzi ezikoleni. Lokhu kungenxa yesibalo esikhulu sabazingeli abazizingelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuqeda inyamazane emhlambini. AmaMackerels ahlala wodwa akuvamile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zeMackerel
Amandla okuzala inzalo avela kuma-mackerels kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Ukuzalela kwenzeka minyaka yonke. Kungenzeka kuze kube sekugugile kakhulu kwenhlanzi (iminyaka engu-18-20).
Isikhathi sokuzala sincike eminyakeni yobudala be-mackerel:
- izinhlanzi ezincane - ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi;
- Abantu abavuthiwe - maphakathi nentwasahlobo (ngemuva kokubuya ebusika).
I-Caviar iphonswa ngama-mackerels ezingxenyeni ezingxenyeni ezingasogwini lwedamu. Le nqubo yenzeka sonke isikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo. Izinhlanzi zivundile kakhulu futhi zingashiya amaqanda afinyelela kwengxenye yesigidi. Babaphupha ekujuleni okukhulu (amamitha ayi-150-200). Ububanzi bokuqala bamaqanda abudluli imilimitha. Iconsi lamafutha lisebenza njengokudla kwenzalo entsha, enikezwa ngeqanda ngalinye. Izibungu zokuqala zivela zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-3-4 ngemuva kokuzala. Ukwakhiwa kwefry kuthatha amasonto ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezinhlanzi sincike endaweni yabo yokuhlala, izimo zokunethezeka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenkathi yokwakheka kwazo, izibungu ze-mackerel ziyakwazi ukudlana. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphakeme lobudlova nokuzidla kwabo.
Amafry akhishwa mancane ngosayizi. Ubude bazo abudluli ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Abantu abasha be-mackerel cishe bahlangana emhlambini ngokushesha. I-mackerel esanda kubhakwa ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa (ekwindla) zimela izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezingaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Lapho sifinyelela ubukhulu obunjalo, izinga lokukhula kwama-mackerels amancane lincishisiwe ngokuphawulekayo.
Izitha zemvelo zemackerel
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani imackerel
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-mackerels anezitha ezanele. Ukuzingelwa kwezinhlanzi ezinamafutha kwenziwa ngu:
- imikhomo yizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala kuphela emanzini olwandle. Ngenxa yobuningi bomzimba nomzimba, ama-cetaceans ayakwazi ukugwinya amaqembu ngisho nezikole zama-mackerels ngasikhathi sinye. Yize bekwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, abamele ama-mackerel abavamile ukuphatha ukucasha ngemikhomo;
- oshaka namahlengethwa. Ngokumangazayo, ama-mackerel azingeli nje kuphela abamele ababi kakhulu bezilwane zasolwandle, kodwa futhi namahlengethwa "angenabungozi". Zombili izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zizingela zombili ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamanzi naphezulu. Ukuphishekela okusebenzayo kwemihlambi ye-mackerel akuvamile. Amahlengethwa noshaka bazithola besendaweni yokuqongelelwa kwama-mackerel ngengozi enkulu;
- ama-pelicans nama-seagulls. Izinyoni zikwazi ukudla ne-mackerel ngesimo esisodwa kuphela - lapho zona ngokwazo zivukela isidlo sasemini ebusweni bamanzi. I-Mackerel egxumagxuma inyamazane ivame ukubhekela izidladla eziqinile noma uqhwaku lwamanqantshu nezinyoni ezindizayo;
- amabhubesi olwandle. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zinamandla kakhulu. Badinga ukubamba cishe ama-20 kilograms ezinhlanzi ohambweni olulodwa lokudoba ukuze badle ngokwanele. Ukuze uthole isidlo sasemini esihle, ama-mackerels yiwona afaneleke kakhulu, ahamba emanzini emihlambini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu uyisitha esingathi sína sayo yonke i-mackerel. Emhlabeni wonke, kukhona ukubanjwa okusebenzayo kwabantu balezi zinhlobo ukuze baphinde bathengiswe. Inyama yenhlanzi idume ngezimfanelo zayo eziwusizo nokunambitheka. Ukuzingela izinhlanzi kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. IMackerel ibanjwa yomibili ngentonga yokudoba kanye nenetha. Ukubanjwa kwaminyaka yonke kwama-mackerel ogwini lwaseYurophu cishe kungamathani angama-55. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubhekwa njengelokuhweba. IMackerel ilethwa ezitolo zombili esezenziwe ngomumo (ezibhemayo / ezinosawoti) nezibandayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Mackerel
I-Mackerel iyinhlobo ye-mackerel ejwayelekile kakhulu ehlala ezilwandle ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye. Iningi labantu alikho ngaphansi kokuncipha kwenani labantu. Ukubanjwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Inani elikhulu lekhava ethosiwe abazali ababanjiwe. Emvelweni wazo wemvelo, izinhlanzi ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Bazala yonke impilo yabo (kusuka eminyakeni emibili). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, emazweni amaningi, ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ukubanjwa okukhulu kwalezi zinhlanzi akuvunyelwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi kusuka ogwini noma esikebheni / esikebheni kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ze-mackerel ezincishiswe ngokuphawulekayo. Enye yazo i-mackerel yaseCalifornia (noma ye-monochromatic). Ngenxa yokudoba okunamandla nokuwohloka kwemvelo, inani labamele leli qembu liphansi kakhulu kunabanye. Mayelana nalokhu, lezi zinhlobo zabelwa isimo sokuba Sengozini. Noma kunjalo, le nhlanzi ayikho ohlwini lweRed Book. Inhlanhla encane i-royal mackerel, isibalo sayo esinciphe kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, siqhutshwa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ngobuningi kanye nesifiso sabadobi sokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani labantu balezi zinhlobo, ukudoba akuvunyelwe emazweni amaningi. Abamele basebukhosini bagadwe ngokukhethekile yizazi zezilwane.
I-Mackerel ama-mackerels, afana nawo kuphela kwezinye izici. Lezi zinhlanzi nazo zingaphansi kokuvunwa okukhulu, kepha azihlali zikwazi ukumboza ukulahleka ngenzalo entsha. Okwamanje, inani labo labantu selincishisiwe, okukhombisa isidingo sokulawulwa okuqinile nokwenqaba ukubamba laba bantu kuzo zonke izifunda zendawo abahlala kuyo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezinjalo akunakwenzeka kungekudala, ngoba IMackerel iyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha wezokudoba. Zibhekwa kakhulu ezimakethe zezindawo zazo ezizuzisayo nokunambitheka.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 26.07.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 09/29/2019 ngo-21: 01
