Umnenke wamagilebhisi (uHelih Rometia) uhlobo lwasemhlabeni lwe-gastropod mollusk olwe-oda lweminenke yamaphaphu kanye nomndeni wakwaHelicide. Namuhla ingumnenke omkhulu kunayo yonke eYurophu.
Incazelo yomnenke wamagilebhisi
Umzimba womnenke wamagilebhisi, kanye namanye amalungu esigaba seGastropoda, uhlukaniswe ngaphandle waba izingxenye ezifana negobolondo kanye nesiqu, esakhiwa umlenze nenhloko. Izitho zangaphakathi zomnenke zizungezwe ingubo ekhethekile yokuvikela, ezinye zazo zibonakala kahle nangaphandle.
Ukubukeka
Igobolondo lomuntu omdala linobubanzi obumaphakathi, ebangeni lika-3.0-4.5 cm, futhi ivolumu yalo yanele ukuqukatha umzimba ngokuphelele... Igobolondo linokugoba okuvunguza okungama-4.5. Umbala weShell ungasuka kusikhumba esikhanyayo uye kokumhlophe okhangayo onsundu.
Imigqa emihlanu emnyama nenani elifanayo lemigqa elula idlula kulo lonke ubude bama-whorls wokuqala noma amathathu. Ukugcwaliswa kombala kuxhomeke ngqo enhlabathini nasezimo zezulu endaweni, izici zokudla namandla okukhanyisa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Igobolondo lomnenke wamagilebhisi lihlukaniswa ngokubamba okucacile, ngenxa yokuthi indawo yonke iyanda futhi izinkomba zamandla zanda kakhulu.
Njengomthetho, ubude bomlenze ophelele bomuntu omdala ngokuphelele abudluli ku-3.5-5.0 cm, kepha imollusk enjalo inganweba ize ifike ku-8-9 cm. Umzimba womnenke wamagilebhisi ubonakala ngokuqina okuthe xaxa, futhi umbala ungahluka kusuka ku-beige ngombala onsundu kumbala ompunga omnyama.
Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe imibimbi eminingi, izindawo eziphakathi kwazo ezibonakala njengama-quadrangles. Lesi sici sivumela imollusk ukuthi igcine umswakama kahle kakhulu.
Amatende amabili atholakala ngaphezu kokuvulwa komlomo, futhi ubude bawo bungashintsha. Usayizi we-labial noma i-olfactory tentacles yi-2.5-4.5 mm, futhi ubukhulu bezintambo zamehlo abudluli ku-10-20 mm. Umbono uvumela umnenke wamagilebhisi ukuthi ahlukanise ngokucacile ubukhulu bokukhanyisa, kanye nokubona izinto ezibekwe ebangeni elingeqi ngaphezu kwe-10 mm.
Kanye namanye amalungu amaningi esigaba seGastropoda, umnenke wamagilebhisi unesistimu yokugaya ukudla, emelwe yi-ectodermal foregut ne-endodermal midgut. Uhlobo lokuphefumula lwe-mollusk engenhla yi-pulmonary. Inhliziyo itholakala ngaphezu kwe-hindgut futhi ifaka i-atrium yesobunxele, i-ventricle, ne-pericardium. Igazi lomnenke alinambala. Uhlelo lokuzala lomnenke wamagilebhisi luyi-hermaphroditic, ngakho-ke, ukuthola inzalo nge-mollusc, ukukhulelwa okuphambene kwenziwa.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nomlingiswa
Ngesikhathi esifudumele sasehlobo, phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, iminenke yamagilebhisi izama ukucasha ekhoneni elinomthunzi futhi elinomswakama engadini noma ehlathini, futhi kaningi ifakwa izando emifantwini noma emigodini ehlukahlukene. Ngokuqala kobusuku, umnenke ushiya indawo yawo yokukhosela bese uyofuna ukudla.
Iminenke ehlala enkabeni yeYurophu ingena ebusika bokulala ubuthongo izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka ebusika nasehlobo. Ukulala ubusika kufana ne-torpor lapho i-mollusk yomhlaba iwela kuyo njengoba ingena igobolondo layo. Esikhathini esibanda kakhulu noma esishisayo, umnenke wamagilebhisi uhlala ngaphakathi kwegobolondo lawo, futhi amafinyila akhishwa ngobuningi asebenza njengefilimu evikelekile ngokwanele yemollusk.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Iminenke yamagilebhisi ayizona izilwane ezihlala isikhathi eside... Njengomthetho, ezimweni zokunakekelwa okunekhono, isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphila semollusk yasekhaya asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa-ke, irekhodi lesikhathi sokuphila laqoshwa eSweden. Kuleli zwe, umnenke wamagilebhisi uzuze udumo, osekuphile iminyaka engaphezulu kancane kwamashumi amathathu.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Indawo yemvelo yomnenke wamagilebhisi imelwe yizigodi nezintaba, emaphethelweni amahlathi ahlabayo, izindawo zepaki, izimfunda nemifula egcwele izihlahlana, kanye nezivini nenhlabathi okunempendulo ene-alikhali.
Ngezinsuku ezomile nezishisayo, umnenke othanda umswakama kakhulu uyakwazi ukucasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma emthunzini wezimila, futhi uvame ukuzingcwaba emhumeni opholile, omanzi. Isilwane esingavamile kanjalo singangena esimweni se-torpor ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi aphansi kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esikhathini okuthiwa yi-hibernation, iminenke yamagilebhisi ingahle iwele hhayi yodwa kuphela, kepha futhi nasemakoloni amakhulu eminenke, futhi ukwehla kwesisindo semollusk ngalesi sikhathi cishe kungu-10%.
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, iminenke yamagilebhisi ivuka ngobuningi, kepha, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zisebenzisa iningi lempilo yazo zisesimweni sokulala, futhi ukuphaphama kuthatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu ngonyaka. Ngaphambi kokungena ebusika bemvelo, ikoloni enkulu yeminenke ingahlangana endaweni eyodwa, ikhethele le nhloso isikhala ngaphansi kwetshe noma amaqabunga awile.
Ehlobo, iminenke enjalo inamathela esiqwini sesihlahla noma esihlahleni ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kwelanga, okuvumela imollusk ukuthi ilinde kalula ukushisa kwasemini. Endaweni lapho umnenke onjalo ukhasa khona, ungabona kalula umkhondo wamafinyila oshiywe yilo. Umnenke, ngenxa yezindlala zawo ezinomunyu, uyakwazi ukundiza ngokushelela kakhulu ebusweni. Ukuba khona kwamafinyila kuvikela umzimba womnenke ekutholeni zonke izinhlobo zomonakalo.
Ukugcinwa kwemnenke yamagilebhisi
Iminenke yamagilebhisi njengesilwane asizithobi kangako kangangokuba okuqukethwe kwayo kungabizi kakhulu nakubaqalayo.... Ukuthengwa kwezesekeli nezindlu zokugcina umnenke onjalo nakho ngeke kube yingozi.
Ukukhethwa kwe-aquarium nokugcwaliswa
Ukugcina umnenke wamagilebhisi ekhaya, ungasebenzisa ingilazi noma isitsha sepulasitiki esinendawo engezansi enkulu ngokwanele nomoya omuhle kakhulu. Ingxube enomswakama esuselwa ezingxenyeni eziyisithupha zenhlabathi nengxenye eyodwa yekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza ibekwa phansi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza ingilazi nezindonga njalo, futhi ukhiphe amafinyila ngaphakathi kwawo. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze isilwane sakho ukushisa kwasemini okungu-20-22mayelanaC, nobusuku - kungakapheli i-19mayelanaC.
I-terrarium noma i-aquarium yokugcina umnenke wamagilebhisi kufanele ifakwe ukuze imollusk yasemhlabeni izwakale isendaweni yayo yemvelo. Kungenzeka ukuhlobisa ngaphakathi ngamahlumela amancane aluhlaza noma cishe noma yiziphi izitshalo eziphilayo ezilungiswe kahle emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile futhi ukufaka idamu elingashoni ngaphakathi ukugeza isilwane esingajwayelekile kanjalo nobulembu obuncane obumanzi. Ukuqinisa igobolondo lomnenke wamagilebhisi kudinga ukufaka inani elincane le-limestone ku-aquarium yakho noma i-terrarium. Indawo ebiyelwe kufanele ivalwe ngokuqinile ngesembozo ukuze umnenke ungaphumi. Esivalweni, kubalulekile ukwenza izimbobo eziphakathi nendawo lapho kuzogeleza khona umoya owanele.
Okubalulekile! Indawo yokuhlala yomnenke wamagilebhisi wasekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigcina imanzi njalo, yenza ukufafaza okuphoqelekile kwazo zonke izindawo zangaphakathi kusuka kusibhamu esijwayelekile sasekhaya kaningi ngosuku.
Ukudla komnenke wamagilebhisi
Ukudla umnenke wamagilebhisi ekhaya kufanele kube seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nemvelo... Umhlonyane odla utshani obudliwayo udla cishe noma iluphi uhlaza, kuhlanganise notshani, amahlamvu, ngisho nomhlanga.
Umnenke ogcinwa ekhaya wondliwa kakhulu ngama-strawberry asendle namaqabunga omvini, iklabishi nezimbabazane, ama-burdock, i-lungwort ne-dandelion, i-plantain, kanye ne-radish ne-horseradish. Konke okuphakelayo kufanele kube mnandi futhi kube nomswakama ophezulu.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka, ukuhlanzwa
Ngenqubo yokugcina iminenke yamagilebhisi ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda ngokuphelele ubungozi bokulimala kwamagobolondo, futhi nokugcina imithetho elandelayo yokunakekelwa:
- sebenzisa kuphela ukudla okusha nokusezingeni eliphezulu kwezitshalo, futhi wenze nokudla kwesilwane kwahlukahluka ngangokunokwenzeka;
- njalo unikeze iminenke yamagilebhisi amagobongo amaqanda achotshoziwe, kanye nezinye izithako eziqukethe inani elanele le-calcium;
- nsuku zonke, okungcono kusihlwa, fafaza izindonga zensimu kanye nenhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza;
- qapha ngokucophelela izinkomba zeleveli yomswakama, ugweme ukoma okuqinile enhlabathini kadoti noma ukuminyanisa kwayo ngokuqoqwa kwenqwaba yoketshezi ezansi;
- amanzi okugeza afakwe ku-terrarium kufanele aguqulwe nsuku zonke;
- ukushintshwa kokugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium noma i-aquarium kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele, kuya ngezinga lokungcola;
- i-terrarium yomnenke wamagilebhisi akufanele ime elangeni eliqondile, kanye nasezintweni eziseduze zokushisa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingaphakathi le-terrarium noma i-aquarium eneminenke yamagilebhisi kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, okuzonciphisa ubungozi bokungcola kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezinama-nematode noma imikhaza, kanye ne-microflora ehlukahlukene ye-pathogenic evusa ukukhula kwezifo.
Iminenke yokuzala
Yonke iminenke iyizidalwa ezinama-hermaphrodite, lapho kuhlanganiswa hhayi kuphela abesilisa, kepha nezici zesifazane zobulili... Ukuze ubeke amaqanda, abantu abadala kanye nabantu abavuthiwe ngokugcwele bomnenke wamagilebhisi kumele bashintshisane ngamaseli ezocansi nabanye abantu. Kunezikhathi ezimbili zokuzalela umnenke wamagilebhisi wasekhaya:
- kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuJuni;
- kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Okokuqala, ukuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana egciwane lesilisa kuyenziwa, okudluliselwa kozakwethu futhi kugcinwe ngaphakathi ezitsheni ezikhethekile zesisu kuze kufike ukuvuthwa kwamaseli egciwane lesifazane. Imidlalo yokukhwelana, njengomthetho, ihlala imizuzu eminingana noma amahora, lapho iminenke yamagilebhisi ithinta abalingani bayo, isonge imizimba yabo izungeze bese icindezela amathe abo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iminenke ibekela amaqanda ezungezwe into enesililo, evumela ukuthi ibanjelwe ndawonye ngemifece noma ngamaqoqo. Lapho izalwa, iminenke esanda kuzalwa inamagobolondo asobala lapho kunamakhoyili ambalwa kuphela. Ngokukhula, inani lamakhoyili anjalo kugobolondo landa kancane kancane.
Ukuthenga umnenke wamagilebhisi, intengo
Iminenke yamagilebhisi ithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile zezilwane ezifuywayo noma kubalimi abazimele. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe lethu, umnenke onjalo ungabanjwa kalula endaweni yawo yemvelo. Njengomthetho, lezi zilwane ezingavamile zigcinwa ekhaya ngababili, futhi izindleko ezijwayelekile zeminenke emibili yamagilebhisi zingama-ruble angama-200-400 kuphela.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwemollusk. Ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-substrate yenhlabathi ngama-parasites, kanye nangaphansi kwezimo ezingcolile zokugcina umnenke nokuxhumana kwawo nabanye abantu abagulayo, umzimba welungu lomndeni wakwaHelicida ungambozwa ngikhunta noma isikhunta. Kubalulekile futhi futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igobolondo lembaza yasemhlabeni alilimazi ngokusobala noma likhubazekile.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Iminenke yamagilebhisi, edumile eminyakeni yamuva, izilwane ezifuywayo ezidliwayo, ezimweni zemvelo, zikhubaza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo eziphilayo, zibangele umonakalo omkhulu. Uma igcinwa ekhaya, le minenke idla ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemifino nezithelo, kanye namahlamvu aluhlaza nezitshalo ezine-herbaceous.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ubhanana, amapheya nama-apula, amathanga kanye nezaqathe, iklabishi namazambane, kanye nama-radishes kufanelekile ukondla umnenke wasekhaya, ngakho-ke ukondla imollusk enjalo akunzima nakancane.
Njengoba umkhuba wokugcinwa kwekhaya ukhombisa, okusalungiswa nemimoya enamandla kuyingozi kakhulu esilwaneni esingajwayelekile, okusheshisa kakhulu ukulahleka komswakama. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium noma i-aquarium. Umnenke uphefumula umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke uvame ukufa endaweni enomswakama kakhulu. Okuhle kakhulu, okuthandeka kakhulu kumnenke wamagilebhisi kuyizinkomba zokuswakama kwenhlabathi ezingama-80%.
Ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa, iminenke yamagilebhisi ayivamile ukugula.... Ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemibandela yokuboshwa, isilwane esinjalo singashisa kakhulu noma siphathwe yi-hypothermia. Izinkinga ezinjalo zenzeka uma i-terrarium noma i-aquarium itholakala elangeni eliqondile noma eduze kwezinto zokufudumeza, kanye nakuhlaka noma kuvulandi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amakhaza angavimbela kakhulu izinqubo zokukhula nokukhula kumnenke wamagilebhisi. Uma kwenzeka ushisa ngokweqile, udinga ukuthambisa umnenke ngamanzi apholile, futhi uma kwenzeka i-hypothermia, hlela ukucwilisa okufudumele kwesilwane sakho.
Akunconywa ngokuqinile ukugcina iminenke engohlobo olufanayo, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene ndawonye. Izinkukhu, ezineminyaka yobudala noma unyaka, zibamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni. Iminenke yamagilebhisi, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo, zizizwa zisekhaya, ngokuzithandela zingena ezingalweni zomnikazi wazo futhi zigeze kulesi sikhundla. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umnenke wamagilebhisi awudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngakho-ke uvame ukuqalwa ngabantu abamatasa noma izingane.
