Izintwala tegu Ingabe yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu ezivame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo namaqembu ezinwabuzelayo okuthiwa i-tegu. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwe-tegus yasekhaya yi-tegu emnyama nomhlophe, ebizwa nangokuthi i-giant tegu, edabuka eNingizimu Melika. Lezi zibankwa yizilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwayo ngoba zihlakaniphile futhi zinomusa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Tegu
Kube nezinguquko eziningi ezithakazelisayo ku-tegu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubheka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo:
- I-tegu emnyama nomhlophe yase-Argentina (Salvator mankhwalae). Le tegu yethulwa okokuqala e-United States ngonyaka we-1989, ngenkathi uBert Langerwerf omkhulu ongasekho ebuyisa izinhlobo eziningana ezivela e-Argentina, azikhulisa ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni. Kutholakale ekuqaleni eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, abantu ngabanye banesikhumba sobuhlalu namaphethini amnyama namhlophe kuyo yonke imizimba yabo. Impilo yabo ekuthunjweni ibonakala iphakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-20. Zikhula cishe zibe yi-1.5 m ubude futhi zingaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-16 kg. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi chakoan tegu, okukholelwa ukuthi lubonisa umbala omhlophe omningi emzimbeni nasembumbulu futhi luvame ukukhula lube lukhulu kancane. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka nefomu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elizuze ukuthandwa eminyakeni yamuva;
- I-tegu ebomvu yase-Argentina (iSalvator rufescens) inombala omncane kakhulu obomvu, kepha iyanda njengoba isibankwa sikhula. Abesilisa babomvu ngokuqinile okumnyama, kanti abesifazane banamaphethini amaningi, abomvu okumpunga. Lezi tegu nazo zifinyelela kubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Zivela engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Argentina, kanye naseParaguay. I-tegu ebomvu yaseParaguay ibonisa amaphethini amhlophe ahlanganiswe nobomvu. Abesilisa nabo bavame ukuba squat kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-tegu, kanye nozakwabo besifazane. I-tegu ebomvu yase-Argentina nayo ithole ukuthandwa ngombala wayo omuhle, kanti amanye abizwa nangokuthi "abomvu" ngoba obomvu abubonisayo bukhulu kakhulu;
- I-yellow tegu (iSalvator duseni) idabuka eBrazil futhi ayikaze ingeniswe e-United States. Luhlobo oluhle olunombala oqinile ophuzi-golide futhi omnyama esifubeni nasekhanda;
- Tegu omnyama nomhlophe waseColombia (Tupinambis teguixin). Le tegu ivela esimweni sezulu esifudumele kakhulu kune-black and white yase-Argentina. Yize inombala omnyama nomhlophe ofana ncamashi, mncane, ukhula ube ngu-1.2m ubude, futhi isikhumba sayo sinokushelela okubushelelezi kunaleso sezinhlobo zase-Argentina. Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezimnyama nezimhlophe isikali esisodwa se-tegu yaseColombia uma siqhathaniswa nezimbili kulo lonke i-tegu yase-Argentina (izikali ezinama-loreal yizikali eziphakathi kwekhala neso). Ama-tegus amaningi aseColombia ngeke abe mbi njengama-Argentina, kepha lokhu kungaxhomeka kumnikazi.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezinto eziphilayo lukhombisile ukuthi i-tegu yase-Argentina emnyama nomhlophe ingenye yezibankwa ezimbalwa ezinegazi elifudumele futhi ingaba namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-10 ° C.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela itegu ebukeka ngayo
I-Tegu yizibankwa ezinkulu, ezinamandla, ezihlakaniphile ezingakhula zifike ku-1.5 m ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-9 kg. Owesifazane ojwayelekile ulinganiselwa ku-1 m ubude no-2 kuye ku-4 kg. Owesilisa ojwayelekile cishe u-1.3 m ubude no-3 kuye ku-6 kg. Kodwa-ke, kuhlala kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho, kufaka phakathi ama-tegs amancane futhi amakhulu kunesilinganiso. UTegu unamakhanda amakhulu, aminyene nezintamo "ezikhuluphele" ezinamafutha. Yize bevame ukuhamba ngemilenze emine lapho besongelwa, bangaphinde bagijime ngemilenze yabo emibili yangemuva ukuze babonakale besabisa kakhulu.
ITegus yizona kuphela izinsiza eziphilayo ezinamasongo agcwele e-caudal ashintshana namasongo ahlukaniswe ngokwebala kanye nocezu lwezikali eziyimbudumbudu ezihlukanisa izimbotshana zesifazane ezimbotsheni zesisu. Bantula izikali eziseduze ne-orbital.
Ividiyo: Tegu
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izikali zeTegu ziyindilinga ngokuma, okwenza kube sengathi isilwane simbozwe ubuhlalu.
I-tega ingahlukaniswa kuzo zonke ezinye izinsiza ngokuhlanganiswa kwemisipha ebushelelezi yomgogodla, umsele owodwa we-loreal, uqhekeko lwezikali eziyimbudumbudu ezihlukanisa ubufazi ezimbotsheni zesisu, kanye nomsila oyindilinga onamasongo agcwele ashintshana namasongo ahlukaniswe emaceleni omgogodla nasesikhathini somsila.
UTegu unamashiya amahlanu, owokuqala uvame ukuba mude kakhulu, bese kuthi owesibili abe mkhulu kunabo bonke endaweni (kwabanye abantu, amashiya okuqala nawesibili acishe alingane ngobude). I-supraocular yokugcina ivame ukuxhumana nama-cilia amabili. Uhlangothi lwekhanda lowesilisa luvame ukuba mnyama ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-flakes akhethwa kakhulu angama-tuberous, hexagonal futhi made. Imivimbo eguqukayo eguquguqukayo ingaba mnyama kakhulu emadodeni amadala noma ngemikhondo yemigqa eguqukayo kwabesifazane.
Uhlala kuphi u-tegu?
Isithombe: Indlela itegu ebukeka ngayo
Endle, i-tegu ihlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amahlathi emvula, i-savannah, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala eziwugwadule. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa, azona izikhubekiso njengabantu abadala, kepha zikhetha ukuhlala phansi. Njengezilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi, abantu abancane, abakhanyayo bachitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, lapho bezizwa bephephile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Endle, i-tegu yase-Argentina itholakala e-Argentina, eParaguay, e-Uruguay, eBrazil, futhi manje indawo yaseMiami eFlorida, mhlawumbe ngokwengxenye ngenxa yabantu abakhipha izilwane ezifuywayo endle. I-tegu yasendle yase-Argentina ihlala emadlelweni otshani be-pampas. Usuku lwabo luqukethe ukuvuka, uhambe uye endaweni efudumalayo, ufudumale, bese uzingela ukudla. Zibuya zizofudumeza kancane futhi zisize ukugaya ukudla kwazo kangcono, bese zihlehlela emgodini wazo, zigobhoza emhlabathini ukuze zizipholele futhi zilale ebusuku.
I-tegu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yase-Argentina ihlala eBrazil, eColombia, eLa Pampa naseFrench Guiana, kanti abayisithupha babo bokuqala bafika e-United States bephethe izimpahla ezivela eColombia. Umfuyi wabona umehluko kumbala wabo nokuthungwa kwesikhumba futhi wakhetha ngokukhetha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi namuhla inani elandayo lama-albino akhiqizwa ngezinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
UTegu usanda kuthuthela e-Florida ecosystems, waba ngesinye sezinhlobo ezihlasela kakhulu zombuso. Kepha kungenzeka kungabi nje inkinga yesikhathi eside eFlorida. Ucwaningo lwakamuva, olushicilelwe ku-Nature, lulingise ukusatshalaliswa okungaba khona kwalezi zinhlobo futhi lathola ukuthi la ma-dinosaurs anganweba ububanzi bawo kude kakhulu kwemingcele yombuso. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezihlaselayo, i-tegu yeza e-United States njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2015, kungafinyelela kuma-tegus aphilayo angama-79,000 angeniswe e-United States - ngenani elingaziwa lezinhlobo ekuthunjweni.
Manje uyazi lapho i-tegu itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi yini le edliwa yile ntulo.
Kudlani itegu?
Isithombe: Isibungu sikaTegu
Ama-tegu asendle anomnivorous futhi azodla noma yini ahlangana nayo: izinyoni ezidla phansi namaqanda azo, izidleke zamagundane amancane, izinyoka ezincane nezibankwa, amaxoxo, amasele, izithelo nemifino. Ukuze i-tegus idle kahle ekhaya, kufanele inikezwe ukudla okwehlukahlukene. Kwabancane, isilinganiso samaprotheni nezithelo / imifino kufanele kube ngu-4: 1. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, lokhu kungaba ngu-3: 1, futhi isilinganiso se-tegu yabantu abadala singaba ku-2: 1.
Ungayondli i-tegu ngo-anyanisi (noma izitsha ezenziwe ngo-anyanisi), amakhowe, noma ukwatapheya. Lokhu kungadala ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo kwezinye izilwane, ngakho-ke kufanele kunakekelwe. Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-tegu izodla zonke izinhlobo zokudla, ukukhuluphala kungenzeka. Ungadli ngokweqile noma uphakamise ukudla okungeke kukufanele noma umaki wakho. Izilinganiso zokudla kukaTegu zishintsha kancane ngeminyaka, kepha izisekelo zihlala zinjalo.
Inani lokuphakelayo kufanele liqale ezingxenyeni ezincane zokuluma futhi lenyuke njengoba kudingeka. I-tegu yakho izokutshela uma igcwele. Uma edla konke ukudla kwakhe, nikela okuningi futhi khumbula ukwandisa inani ojwayele ukusondla ngalo isilwane sakho. Ngokufanayo, uma ehlala eshiya ukudla, yehlisa inani eliphakanyisiwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: tegu wase-Argentina
I-Tegu yizidalwa ezizimele ezisebenza kakhulu emini noma ezisebenza ngokuphelele. Bachitha isikhathi sabo benikana ukushisa elangeni ukulawula ukushisa komzimba nokufuna ukudla. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, zingena esifundeni esifana nokulala ubusika bonke. Ukubhujiswa kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwephuzu elithile. Phakathi nawo wonke unyaka, bayizidalwa ezikhuthele impela. UTegu uchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emhlabathini futhi uvame ukutholakala emigwaqeni noma kwezinye izindawo eziphazamisekile. Ziyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi zikwazi ukucwilisa isikhathi eside. UTegu usebenza kakhulu emini. Bachitha izinyanga ezibandayo zonyaka emgodini noma ngaphansi kwesembozo.
I-tegus emnyama nomhlophe yase-Argentina ivame ukuthamba kakhulu lapho isendaweni ezinzile futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Lezi zibankwa ezinkulu zibonakala zifuna ukunakwa ngabantu futhi zikhula kahle lapho zigcinwa endaweni enakekelayo. Lapho nje befunda ukukuthemba, uzoba nomngane osondelene neminyaka ezayo. Yize ingumdabu emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu Melika kanye nama-savanna, imvelo yensizwa engu-tegu - nokuthi ingakwazi nokufeza izinga elithile lokuqina kwasekhaya - ikwenza kube isilwane esihle kakhulu esithandana ne-reptile aficionados.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingathamba ngendlela emangalisayo lapho ziphathwa njalo. Eqinisweni, bangakwazi ukunamathela kakhulu kubanikazi babo. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezingaphathwa ngobandlululo noma eziphathwe ngokungafanele zingaba nolaka. Njengezilwane eziningi, i-tegu izokwazisa uma ingakhululekile noma ikhathazekile. Izexwayiso, ezibizwa ngokuthi izandulela ezinolaka, ngokuvamile zifanekisela ukuluma noma esinye isenzo esinolaka. Kwezinye izimo, i-tegu ixwayisa ngokuthi ingaluma ngokushaya phansi izidladla zayo, ishaye umsila wayo, noma ikhukhumele kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umlomo wesibankwa se-tegu
Isikhathi sokuzala sikaTegu siqala ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula. Isikhathi sangemva kokuzala siyizinyanga ezinomswakama nezifudumele zasehlobo. Ukuzala kwenzeka lapho izilwane zivela esikhathini sazo sokulala entwasahlobo. Emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokuqhamuka, abesilisa baqala ukujaha abesifazane ngethemba lokuthola umlingani, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kuphela, abesifazane baqale ukwakha izidleke. Owesilisa umaka isisekelo sakhe sokuzala bese eqala ukuzama ukunqoba insikazi ukuze ikwazi ukukhwelana. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka esikhathini esingamasonto ambalwa, kanti insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke sayo cishe ngesonto ngemuva kokukhwelana. Izidleke zikhulu impela, zingaba yi-1 m ububanzi no-0.6-1 m ukuphakama.
Insikazi isivikela kakhulu esidlekeni sayo futhi izohlasela noma yini eyibona isongela. Baziwa ngokukhipha amanzi esidlekeni uma somile. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-70 ku-clutch, kepha ngokwesilinganiso amaqanda angama-30. Isikhathi sokufukamela sincike emazingeni okushisa futhi singahlala ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuye kwezingama-60. Izinhlobo ze-tegu ezimnyama nomhlophe zase-Argentina ezifundeni zaseMiami-Dade naseHillsboro. Iningi labantu baseNingizimu Florida ligxile eFlorida futhi lisakazekela ezindaweni ezintsha. Isifunda saseMiami-Dade naso sinabantu abancane abazalanayo be-tegu yegolide. I-tegu ebomvu ibonwe eFlorida, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi iyazala yini.
I-tegu yase-Argentina emnyama nomhlophe iyisilonda esinegazi elifudumele. Ngokungafani nezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, isibankwa silawula ukushisa kwaso kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi leli khono lamukelwa njengesici esivumelanayo esivumela isibankwa ukuba sikwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko zamahomoni ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Izitha zemvelo zetegu
Isithombe: Indlela itegu ebukeka ngayo
Izilwane eziyinhloko ze-tegu yilezi:
- amasofa;
- izinyoka;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo.
Lapho ihlasela, i-tegu yase-Argentina emnyama nomhlophe ingalahla ingxenye yomsila wayo ukuphazamisa ezitheni. Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, umsila unamandla kakhulu, ulukhuni futhi unemisipha, futhi ungasetshenziswa njengesikhali sokushaya umhlaseli ngisho nokulimaza. Njengendlela yokuzivikela, zingagijima ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu.
I-Tegu yizilwane zasemhlabeni (zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emhlabeni), kepha zingabhukudi ezihle kakhulu. I-Tegu ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zezinto eziphilayo ze-neotropical njengezidliwayo, abahlambalazi kanye nama-ejenti okusabalalisa imbewu. Zizingelwa izikhumba nenyama ngezinkulungwane zabantu bomdabu nabendawo futhi ziyimithombo ebalulekile yamaprotheni nemali engenayo. I-Tegu yakha u-1-5% we-biomass oqoqwe ngabantu bendawo. Njengoba isivuno sendawo sinesizotha, izibalo kwezokuhweba zibonisa ukuthi izibankwa zivunwa kakhulu. Phakathi kuka-1977 no-2006, kwakukhona abantu abayizigidi ezingama-34 kwezentengiselwano, ngamabhothi e-cowboy angumkhiqizo wokugcina omkhulu.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ezweni elizimele, abazingeli baseFlorida bavunyelwe ngaphandle kwelayisense yokubulala izibankwa zikaTegu uma zenziwe ngobuntu. Emazweni omphakathi, umbuso uzama ukususa izibankwa ngezingibe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isibungu sikaTegu
Izibankwa zeTegu zisabalele eNingizimu Melika empumalanga ye-Andes futhi zithandwa kakhulu ekuhwebelaneni kwezilwane bukhoma emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlobo ezimbili zitholakala eFlorida (eU.SA) - uSalvator merianae (itegu emnyama nomhlophe wase-Argentina) kanye noTupinambis teguixin sensu lato (igolide elincane), kanti owesithathu, uSalvator rufescens (red tegu), naye uqoshwe lapho.
Izibankwa zeTegu cishe zingabantu abajwayelekile abasebenzisa amahlathi kanye nama-savanna, ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla, ukugcwala nokusebenzisa izindawo ezisogwini, umhlume nezindawo eziguqulwa ngabantu. Abantu babo kumele babe bakhulu futhi bakwazi ukuqinisa isivuno saminyaka yonke sabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.0-1.9 ngonyaka iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ngokwezibalo ezahlukahlukene, i-tegu ingumcebo obalulekile wezemvelo nakwezomnotho wesibankwa. Lezi zinhlobo ezisabalele, ezixhashazwa kakhulu zihlukaniswa njengeNkathazo Encane ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwazo, ubuningi nokushoda kwezimpawu zokwehla kwabantu.
Ukuxhumana okukhulu kwalezi zibankwa nabantu kwenzeka ngokushushumbiswa kwezilwane. Njengezilwane ezifuywayo, i-tegus ivame ukuthamba kakhulu futhi inobungane. Ngoba zizala kahle ekuthunjweni, abantu abaziqoqi lezi zilwane ngobuningi bazo ukuhweba ngezilwane. Abantu babo basendle bazinzile futhi njengamanje abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngabantu.
Tegu Isilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu esidla izimbali esishisayo saseNingizimu Melika esingeso lomndeni we-theid. Umbala womzimba wezinhlobo eziningi umnyama. Eminye inemivimbo ephuzi, ebomvu, noma emhlophe ngemuva, kanti eminye inemigqa ebanzi eyehla emzimbeni inezimpawu ezingajwayelekile phezulu. UTegu utholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, ama-savanna, kanye namahlathi anameva ashubile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.01.2020
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/15/2019 ngo-1: 17
