Izidlakela zeCanine zihlanganiswe ngegama elijwayelekile impungushe, ogama lakhe lesiLatin lihlotshaniswa nencazelo yasendulo yamaRoma ethi "impisi yegolide". Imininingwane engokomlando ikhombisa ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kabanzi emazweni aseYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ucwaningo lwesilwane esincelisayo lwembula imikhuba ethokozisayo yomzingeli, indlela yokuphila.
Incazelo nezici
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele umndeni we-canid, izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezincane, zincane kunempisi. Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngama-80-130 cm, umsila ungama-25-30 cm, ukuphakama komzingeli kungama-40-45 cm.Ubukhulu bejakalasi obujwayelekile bungu-8-12 kg.
Isakhiwo sifana nempisi enciphile - umzimba ominyene onemilenze emincane. UJakalasi esithombeni njalo ngomsila olengayo, ubukhulu bawo obucishe bube yingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba. Umsila ojiyile nonoboya ulenga phansi cishe emhlabathini.
Inhloko emise okwekhanda. Umlomo wesilwane ukhonjisiwe. Izindlebe zimile. Ukuzwa ezilwaneni kuthuthukiswe kahle, kuyasiza ukuthola amagundane amancane otshanini obukhulu. Amazinyo acijile aguqulelwa ekulungeni isikhumba esinyene. Amehlo anezinhlayiya ezinsundu.
Imilenze emide, ngaphambili nangemuva, ecishe ilingane. Njengabanye abamele i-canine, impungushe - isilwane umunwe. Izidladla zangaphambili zezilwane ezidlayo zinezinzwani ezinhlanu, imilenze yangemuva inezine. Izipikili zimfishane.
Izinwele zezilwane zimangele, zinzima. Umbala uyashintsha, wehluke kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Amathoni aphuzi aphuzi anqoba, aphenduke abe nsundu. Ingemuva nezinhlangothi kumnyama kumnyama, kanjalo nethiphu lomsila. Umqala, isisu, imilenze yemibala ekhanyayo. Akukho mehluko wobulili ngombala. Uboya basehlobo buba bufushane futhi buqine kakhulu kunoboya basebusika.
Impungushe iyisilwane esinamaphimbo, esiklabalasayo. Umzingeli ukhala kakhulu ekuqaleni kokuzingelwa, kubukeka njengokukhala kwengane ngamathoni aphezulu. UJakalali hhewula nge-screech, wonke amalungu omhlambi azungeze. Ukumemeza kuzwakala kuphendula imisindo emikhulu - kukhala inhlabamkhosi yemoto, kukhala izinsimbi.
Amazwi ezilwane ayezwakala noma nini lapho zihamba. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi bahewula kakhulu lapho isimo sezulu sicwengekile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, lapho isimo sezulu esibi siyadamba. Izindlela zesimanje zocwaningo zenza ukuthi kutholakale inani lezilwane ezisemhlambini ngezingcingo.
Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihlala phansi ezingenakho ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Bangahamba ibanga elingu-50-100 ukusuka lapho bahlala khona unomphela befuna izindawo zokudla. Umgcini werekhodi kwakungujakalasi wesilisa owayehambe amakhilomitha ayi-1250 ukusuka emgodini onomphela. Ikakhulukazi, izilwane ezidla ezinye zivela ezindaweni lapho kufa khona izinkomo eziningi ukuze zidle izinsalela.
Emadolobheni nasemadolobheni kuyisilwane "sikadoti". Uhlobo lokudla kungenxa yokuthi izimpungushe zithwala ukutheleleka, izimuncagazi, kufaka phakathi i-distemper eyingozi, amarabi.
Izimpungushe azesabi abantu, zingaba ngamamitha angu-20-30 eduze. Amapulazi ahlushwa imihlambi yezilwane ezidla ezinye, lapho isilo sidla khona ngezithelo ezimnandi. Uluma kuyo yonke into, akhethe amakhabe avuthiwe namakhabe. Isidlakela singena emfuyweni yezinyoni eziyigugu, emapulazini okuzingela - ku-nutria, muskrats. Ngomonakalo odalekile, izimpungushe ezingabekezelelani ziyadubula noma zibeke izingibe.
Akulula ukulwa nojakalasi, kunzima ukubamba kunempisi noma impungushe. Isilwane sinobuqili obukhulu, ngisho nomzingeli onolwazi akakwazi ukubhekana naso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Akaweli ogibeni olulula, wenza ngezindlela ezikhohlisayo, eshiya abathandi bemidlalo bengenalutho. Ebusika, ukhetha izifunda lapho iqhwa lingawi khona, ukuze angashiyi imikhondo.
Impungushe ayikulungele ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano, izikhumba zisetshenziswa ngamanani amancane. Isithombe esibi sesilwane esinezimfanelo eziningi ezimbi sakhiwe esikweni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, impungushe ingukhokho wezinye izinhlobo zezinja, njengoba ithanjiswa ngokuphelele ngabantu.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezimpungushe, ezibukeka ngendlela efanayo, kodwa zihluke ngokwezakhi zofuzo.
Impungushe ejwayelekile (yase-Asia)... Indawo yokuhlala - eNyakatho Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, e-Asia, eMiddle East. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwalezi zinhlobo kuhlotshaniswa nombono wochwepheshe ngokuba khona kwama-subspecies angama-20, kepha abaningi bayasiphikisa lesi sinqumo. Umbala uyahluka esifundeni ngasinye lapho uhlala khona, kepha ububanzi bemibala buqukethe imibala emnyama nsundu nensundu ngokubomvu. Iphuzu lomsila lihlala limnyama.
Impungushe emthende. Lathola igama lalo ngenxa yemivimbo emhlophe phakathi kwemnyama emaceleni omzimba. Umbala ojwayelekile uphuzi nsundu noma mpunga. Ingemuva lihlala limnyama kunethoni enkulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, inethiphu yomsila omhlophe. Bahlala ezigodini zaseCentral Africa, kwezinye izindawo empumalanga nasentshonalanga yezwekazi. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zingamahlathi aminyene ezihlahleni. Umzingeli, ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo, uncamela ukudla inyamazane ephilayo.
Ijakalasi elimnyama elimnyama. Umhlane nomsila wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya obumnyama nomhlophe, obufana nombhede woboya ngaphansi kwesihlalo - indwangu yesali. Lokhu kuchaza igama lohlobo, umbala walo omkhulu obomvu. Lesi silwane sihlala e-Afrika kuphela. Abantu ababili balezi zinhlobo bahlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yezwekazi, abahambelani.
Impungushe yase-Ethiopia... Ihlala kuphela ezintabeni zase-Ethiopia. Elinye igama lesilwane impisi yase-Abyssinia, impungushe yase-Ethiopia. Ngaphandle, umhlaseli ubukeka njengenja enemilenze emide nekhanda lempungushe. Isilwane esingavamile kakhulu. Umbala engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba umnyama, umsila, izinhlangothi, izidladla zibomvu, isisu simhlophe. Iphuzu lomsila limnyama.
Umsebenzi wezilwane owasemini, kanye nento eyinhloko yokuzingela kwabo - amagundane. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, izidalwa ezinesithembu, ngaphandle kwalokho bezingeke zisinde endaweni elinganiselwe. Uhlobo olungavamile ludinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa.
Indawo ekhethekile kuhlala kuyo impungushe yase-afrika, okuyinto, njengoba isanda kusungulwa, ihlobene nezofuzo nezimpisi. Iphutha laphakanyiswa ukuthi lilungiswe, ukubiza isilwane ngempisi yegolide yase-Afrika.
Kuyimpikiswano ukufaka impisi yaseGibhithe njengempungushe. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi silwane sasibhekwa njengesiyimpicabadala ngokuhlala eduze kwemihume namathuna. Umzingeli wayehlotshaniswa nokufa, impilo yangemva kokufa ngokuzimisela kwakhe ukumba amathuna.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kwavela isiko lokungcwaba emathuneni ukuvikela abafileyo ezimpisini. Impungushe yaseGibhithe ngokuqinile wangena izinganekwane zaseGibhithe lasendulo. Umfanekiso kankulunkulu ohlotshaniswa nezwe labafileyo unokubonakala kwempisi enomsila odonsa phansi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
E-Asia ujakalasi - umhlaseli kuvamile kakhulu. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukusabalala kwesilo kwaqala eYurophu. Ukunwetshwa kwebanga nakho kwenzeka endaweni yaseRussia yanamuhla - ukubonakala kwaphawulwa endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory, esifundeni saseRostov naseNhlonhlweni YaseCrimea.
Okuhlukahlukene izinhlobo zezimpungushe bathanda izindawo ezigcwele uhlaza eduze nemizimba yamanzi, amaphoyisa omhlanga. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2500. Imvamisa ihlala emathafeni ezikhukhula zomfula phakathi kwamahlathi. Izilwane zizivumelanisa kahle nezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke izinhlobo azikho engcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Imifantu phakathi kwamatshe, imingxuma eshiywe yamabhele, izimpungushe nezimpisi iba isiphephelo sezilwane. Ama-niches emvelo nokudangala kuxazululwa yizimpungushe uma zitholakala ezindaweni ezingahambeki. Kukaningi kakhulu izilwane zizimba izimbobo ngokwazo.
Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenziwa ngamantombazane we-puppy. Indawo lairs kukhonjiswa ngayo izindlela eziholela kuzo. Ungabona umhlaba omningi emnyango. Ezindlini zokukhosela, izilwane zicasha emini, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Njengomthetho, kunemigodi yabanye abantu bobulili obuhlukile eduzane.
Kwesinye isikhathi izindawo zempungushe zitholakala ezindaweni eziseduze nemijondolo. Izilwane zingahamba ebusuku emigwaqweni yasedolobhaneni laseNdiya, ePakistan, zingene ezindaweni zepaki, emasimini ehlathi eceleni kojantshi.
Impungushe ibhekwa njengesilo sassy isibindi sayo esidlula impungushe. Imiphumela ebuhlungu ishiya ukuvela kwakhe emapulazini ezinkukhu, emigqonyeni yabalimi. Isilwane esisodwa asihlaseli muntu, kodwa umhlambi wezimpungushe uyingozi kakhulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izilwane zinekhono elihlukile lokuthola imithombo yokudla. Ukudla kwezimpungushe kubandakanya izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, imfucuza yokudla, okusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino. Njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye, izilwane azikudeleli ukubola, ukuthembela okuvame ukuba nehaba ekuhlolweni kwezilwane. Inani eliphelele lokudla, alidluli ku-6-10% wokudla. Izilwane zikhangwa amadela, izindawo zokungcwaba izinkomo, izindawo zokulahla udoti, izindawo zokulahla udoti wokudla.
Impungushe ingabizwa ngokuthi hhayi kuphela umqokeleli, kodwa futhi ingumzingeli wangempela. Izilwane ezincane - amagundane, amagundane - ziba isisulu somzingeli. Izimpungushe zizingela ngempumelelo ama-hares, ama-muskrats, i-nutria, ama-badger, ahlasela izimbuzi ezifuywayo, izimvu, ngisho namathole. Izinyoni, kusukela kondlunkulu basemadolobheni, ama-turkeys asekhaya kuya kumadada ezinyoni zasemanzini, ama-coots, yizinto ezihlala zinakwa ngumzingeli. Izinyoni ezifudukayo ezindaweni zokuphumula ngesikhathi sokufuduka zihlupheka kakhulu kumzingeli. Impungushe ibamba izisulu lapho isuka ngokuzuma okukhulu.
Eduze nemizimba yamanzi, isilwane sithola iminenke, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, amaxoxo, izibankwa, ama-molluscs, izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle, ezihanjiswa ngamanzi ziye ogwini. Etshanini, impungushe ibamba izinambuzane, ezithusa ngenhloso. Umzingeli uvamisile ukulalela, ahogele, angaphuthelwa nokuthomba okuncane okuzungezile.
Ubuqili bejakalasi bubonakala ngokulandela izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye ukuze zizitike ngezinsalela zenyama yazo. Zivame ukuzingela ngababili, ngamaqembu ukuqhubela inyamazane yazo komunye nomunye.
Iningi lokudla kungukudla kwezitshalo. Izithelo ezinamanzi ziqeda ukoma kwezilwane. Ojakalasi badla i-hawthorn, i-dogwood, amagilebhisi, amapheya, amakhabe, utamatisi. Ngentwasahlobo, ama-bulb okutshala nezimpande zomhlanga ziba ukudla. Izilwane ziyanelisa isidingo sazo sokuphuza emadanyini ahlukahlukene, futhi ezindaweni ezomile zize zambe imigodi ezindaweni zokomisa imifula ukuze zidakwe ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimpungushe ezishadile ziqhubeka yonke impilo yazo kuze kube sekufeni komlingani wazo. Isikhathi se-rutting ngokuvamile siba ngoFebhuwari futhi sihlala cishe inyanga. Abesilisa lapho befuna umbhangqwana bahewule kakhulu, balwele abesifazane. Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe yenza umgodi ndawonye, ihlanganyela ekukhuliseni inzalo. Ukulungiselela ikhaya kuqukethe ukuthola umgodi noma ukumba owakho. Ukujula kwesikhoselo kungamamitha ama-2. Inkambo i-angled futhi iphela ngekamelo lokudlela.
Ukukhulelwa kukajakalasi wesifazane wase-Asia kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-63. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zithwala inzalo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-70. 2-4 imidlwane iyazalwa. Izinsana zibonakala zingaboni, zithole ukubona ngezinsuku 9-17. Imidlwane iqala ukuzwa emasontweni amabili, bese ihamba ngenyanga. Ijazi elithambile kancane kancane liyaqina ngemuva kokuzalwa. Umbala uyashintsha kusuka kokumpunga ngokunsundu kuya kokumnyama ngokubomvu.
Ukondla izingane ngobisi lukamama izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 kuhlanganiswe nokudla okuhambisanayo nokudla kwenyama kusuka kumaviki ama-2-3. Izilwane ziphinda zivuselele isisulu esigwinyiwe, ngakho-ke kulula kuzo ukuletha ukudla enzalweni yazo.
Abesifazane abasebasha bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-11, abesilisa - ngeminyaka emibili, kepha imidlwane iba nabazali bayo isikhathi esithile kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5-2. Isikhathi sokuphila sezimpungushe emvelweni siyiminyaka eyi-12-14. Abathandi bezilwane ezingaziwa bagcina izimpungushe ekuthunjweni, bazinqande ngempumelelo. Ukunakekelwa okufanele nokudla okunomsoco akuphazamisi kakhulu inkomba yokuphila isikhathi eside, izakhamizi ezindala zihlala iminyaka eyi-16-17.
Umlando wejakalasi ngowasendulo, kepha awuqondakali ngokuphelele. Umzabalazo wokusinda uphoqelele isilwane ukuba sivumelane nezindawo ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yalokho esihlala siyingxenye yezilwane zomhlaba wanamuhla.
