Impungushe yase-Arctic ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo - indalo ekhumbulekayo kakhulu. Ziyafana nezilwane ezifuywayo, zimhlophe kakhulu kuphela. Eqhweni, isilwane esinjalo kungenzeka singanakwa, ikakhulukazi uma impungushe ye-arctic ivale ikhala namehlo. Lokhu akuyona nje isici sakhe esikhethekile, esivusa isithakazelo kubantu, kodwa futhi nokujwayela kwakhe okuyinhloko empilweni ezimweni ze-polar.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Impungushe yase-Arctic
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zingezomndeni we-canine, kepha uhlobo lwangempela lwezimpungushe zase-Arctic lumelelwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Lezi zilwane zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izimpungushe, noma ngokunembile, izimpungushe ezibandayo, ezi-arctic noma ezimhlophe. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic zehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokususelwa kumbala woboya bazo.
Ividiyo: Impungushe yase-Arctic
Izimpungushe ezimhlophe zishintsha ukuqina nombala woboya bazo unyaka wonke. Ebusika, bagqoka ijazi loboya elimhlophe nelishubile futhi eliminyene kakhulu - nguyena othandwa kakhulu ezimakethe zoboya. Ngemuva kwe-molt ende yasentwasahlobo, baba nsundu ngokwengeziwe futhi bangancibiliki.
Kepha izimpungushe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuvamile zinombala wejazi elimhlophe. Unyaka wonke bagqoka ijazi loboya elinsundu, nsundu noma mpunga. Kusukela kwisizini ishintsha ukuminyana kwayo.
Imvelo ibanikeze ngoboya obukhulu kakhulu nangengubo yangaphansi. Isimo sezulu abahlala kuso sinzima kangangokuba ukuphela kwendlela yokusinda ingubo yoboya efudumele unyaka wonke kanye nezinqolobane ezinamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zinezinwele ngisho nasezidladleni zazo, ngqo emiqulwini yeminwe. Kungenxa yalokhu izimpungushe zase-Arctic zathola igama lazo, ngoba ekuhumusheni kusho ukuthi "hare paw".
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Impungushe ye-Animal Arctic
Ekuboneni kokuqala, izimpungushe zase-Arctic ngaphezu kwakho konke zibukeka njengezimpungushe, kuphela zimhlophe. Futhi, lezi zilwane zifushane: imilenze yazo imifushane kunaleyo yezimpungushe ezejwayelekile, ngakho-ke zibukeka zingajwayelekile noma zinganakiwe. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic yizilwane ezincane, abantu abakhulu kakhulu bafinyelela ku-9 kg, kepha lokhu akuvamile. Ngokuyinhloko, izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyizilwane ezincane ezinamakhilogremu amathathu noma amane. Ngaphandle, uboya babenza buthakathaka ngokwengeziwe.
Ubude bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso cishe ngamasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu kuya kumashumi ayisikhombisa, kanti ukuphakama kwezilwane cishe kungamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Lesi silinganiso esingenakulinganiswa sifana nesimo somzimba sedachshund. Isakhiwo somzimba esinjalo sivumela isilwane ukuthi sisebenzise ukushisa ngokonga ngokwengeziwe, futhi sitholakala ngaphansi emhlabathini, lapho kunemimoya embalwa khona.
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zinomsila omuhle kakhulu. Ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angamashumi amathathu ngobude, futhi imbozwe ngoboya obukhephuzelayo nobukhulu njengomzimba.
Umlomo wesilwane uhlukile kunowempungushe, mfushane futhi ubanzi, kanti ubumbene kakhulu, nezindlebe nazo zimfishane futhi ziyindilinga. Umehluko onjalo uyadingeka ezimweni zokuphila, lokhu akufaki amathuba okuba nesithwathwa engxenyeni ende kakhulu yomzimba. Ngakho-ke izimpungushe zase-Arctic yonke into ihlangene futhi imbozwe ngejazi loboya futhi futhi zithuthukise ngokugqamile lezi zinzwa: ukuzwa okuhle nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu kwephunga.
Idivayisi ethokozisayo inamehlo ezimpungushe ezibandayo: zimbozwe ungqimba oluvikelayo oluvela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kakhulu, olungabonakala ezinhlakeni zeqhwa ngezinsuku ezicacile. Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe ze-arctic azinikezwa ukubona okubukhali.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe yase-Arctic?
Isithombe: Impungushe yase-Arctic endaweni yetundra
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zihlala eNyakatho Pole kanye nobubanzi be-tundra nehlathi-tundra elizungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala kuzo zonke iziqhingi ezisenyakatho, amazwekazi ngisho nokukhukhuleka kweqhwa. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemiqhudelwano: ENyakatho Melika, enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Kodwa izimpungushe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhetha iziqhingi eziseduze, futhi kumazwekazi zingatholakala ngokungajwayelekile.
Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zijwayele isimo sezulu esinzima njengasenyakatho, ubusuku be-polar kanye nesithwathwa. Kodwa-ke, banomlutha wokudla. Futhi, uma kwenzeka kushoda umkhiqizo, bangashintsha indawo abahlala kuyo, bahlanganise amabanga amade. Impungushe yase-Arctic ikwazi ukugijima cishe amakhilomitha ayikhulu ngosuku ngemilenze yayo efushanisiwe kuqhwa kanye neqhwa. Ngakho-ke izilwane aziboshelwe endaweni ethile futhi zihlala zikulungele ukushintsha indawo yazo ukuze yanelise ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlala, kuyisiko ukugqamisa ama-subspecies amaningana we-fox yase-Arctic:
- Izimpungushe zase-Arctic ezihlala esiqhingini sase-Iceland, ngaphandle kwazo azisekho izilwane ezincelisayo, zanikezwa igama elithi Alopex lagopus fuliginosus.
- Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zesiqhingi saseBering. Lezi zinhlayiya zigqamile phakathi kwezizukulwane zayo ngoboya bayo obumnyama. Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi izimpungushe ezinjalo, ngoba azimhlophe nhlobo, kepha ziseduze nomnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bangabakwa-subspecies. Igama labo yi-Alopex lagopus beringensis.
- Enye yama-subspecies ayivelakancane yizimpungushe zaseMedny Arctic, ezivela egameni lendawo, iMedny Island. Kusele cishe ikhulu labo.
Idla ini impungushe yase-Arctic?
Isithombe: Impungushe yase-Arctic ebusika
Ukudla kwalaba bantu basenyakatho kunzima. Kepha abakhethi ngokudla futhi bakulungele ukuthola okwanele abakudlayo ukuze kungashabalali. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zidla amagundane amancane, ikakhulukazi ama-lemmings. Zikhangwa futhi amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane ngokwawo. Izilwane zasolwandle ezincane nazo ziba yisisulu sazo. Bayakwazi ukuqukula uphawu oluncane noma i-walrus.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans ngisho nemichilo yolwandle ukudla okuvamile kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic ehlobo. Impungushe yase-Arctic ibuye idle cishe yonke into kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo. Kukhona uhlaza oluncane kwi-tundra, ngakho-ke akukho ukukhetha. Ukudla kufaka amajikijolo, izitshalo eziyindlala, amagatsha athambile ezihlahlana, ulwelwe.
Azikwazi ukubhekana nezilwane ezinkulu, kepha, uma isilwane sife ngokufa kwaso noma sibulawa esinye isilwane esikhudlwana, izimpungushe zase-Arctic ngeke zikudelele ukudla izinsalela. Kwenzeka ukuthi izimpungushe ze-arctic zinamathele ngokukhethekile kumabhere noma izimpisi ukuze zidle inyamazane yazo ngemuva kwazo.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwasebusika kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izidumbu, ngakho-ke inyama engabizi kakhulu. Izimpungushe ezibandayo zidla izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezifile: imikhomo, ama-walrus, izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya, ama-sea otters, izimpawu nezinye. Bangakwazi ngisho nokusuthisa indlala enzima ngophuphu abangafakwanga. Izimpungushe ze-arctic ezifile ngokwazo zisebenza njengokudla kwabafowabo abaseduze kakhulu. Ngalo mqondo, lezi zilwane zenze ubuzimuzimu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Fox fox
Ehlobo, impungushe yase-Arctic isebenza isikhathi eside - cishe ubusuku nemini, ehambisana nesikhathi eside samahora emini. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, uhlala efuna ukudla ukondla umndeni wakhe. Ehlobo, impungushe yase-arctic kumele iqoqe amafutha nezakhi emzimbeni wayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke iphile ebusika obubandayo. Ekwindla nasebusika, impungushe yase-Arctic incamela ukuphuma iyofuna ukudla ebusuku.
Ehlobo, izilwane ikakhulukazi ziphumula emigodini yazo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi nokuphumula emoyeni ovulekile. Kepha ebusika, impungushe yase-Arctic incamela ukumba umhume omusha khona lapho eqhweni bese icasha lapho. Angazifihla izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana kusuka eqhweni noma ngesikhathi seqhwa elibi.
Ngokuvamile, izimpungushe zase-Arctic zivumelaniswe kahle nezimo ze-tundra. Kepha noma zivumelana nezimo ezinzima, zonke izilwane zasekwindla zizulazula ngasogwini lolwandle noma emifuleni zibheke eningizimu? ezifundeni ezihambisana kakhulu, ezingaba amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana kude. Entwasahlobo zibuya kancane kancane.
Impilo yomndeni ifana kakhulu nempungushe. Bangakwazi ukuzihlalela bodwa ebusika, yize kaningi behlangana babe yizicucu eziningana bezungeze inyamazane enkulu. Futhi entwasahlobo, sezivele zakha ngababili, bese zikhulisa inzalo ngemizamo ehlangene.
Ngokwemvelo yabo, izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyaqaphela futhi zikhetha ukungazibeki engozini ngokungadingekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, babonakala ngokuqinisela nangokuzikhukhumeza. Lapho zihlangana nezidlakudla ezinkudlwana, azibaleki, kepha zimane zihlehle ibanga elithile, futhi uma kungenzeka, zizama ukuhlwitha isiqeshana esilwaneni sazo. Ngokuvamile, izimpungushe ze-arctic zihlanganisa womabili amasu okuthola ukuzingela ukudla nokuzimela.
Imvamisa ungabona ibhere le-polar lidla, futhi ngalesi sikhathi lizungezwe izimpungushe eziningana zase-Arctic, ezilinde ithuba lazo. Kulezo zindawo lapho izimpungushe zase-Arctic zingazingelwanga khona, izilwane azibesabi abantu futhi ziya ngasekhaya labo ngomoya ophansi. Zakhiwe kahle. Isibonelo, izimpungushe ze-Arctic ezilambile zingangena emakhaya abantu noma emashejini, lapho kuvame ukuntshontshwa khona ukudla. Bangantshontsha nokudla ezinjeni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Arctic Fox Cub
Izimpungushe ze-Arctic yizilwane ezizodwa. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi bakha amabhangqa aqinile futhi bahlala emindenini. Umndeni ngamunye uvamise ukufaka abantu abadala ababili - owesilisa nowesifazane, amawundlu abo kadoti wamanje asesilinganisweni semidlwane emithathu kuya kweyishumi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane abasha abambalwa kusuka kudoti wangaphambilini. Ezinye izilwane zingahlala emakoloni emindenini eminingana. Imvamisa, abesifazane bakhulisa abazali bokutholwa. Kwesinye isikhathi imindeni emibili noma emithathu ingajoyina emigodini eseduze exhunywe ngephaseji.
Ngokuvamile, indawo yomndeni wezimpungushe zase-Arctic isukela kumakhilomitha-skwele amabili kuya kwangu-30. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni elambile, izimpungushe ezibandayo zingagijima ziye kude kakhulu nendawo yazo, zifike emashumini amakhilomitha.
Ngaphambi kokuba zibe nezizukulwane, izimpungushe ezindala ze-arctic zizimbela imigodi. Indawo yomgodi ihlala ikhethwa ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngoba kunengozi yokugcwala ethafeni ngamanzi ancibilikayo. Imigodi ivame ukubhoboza enhlabathini ethambile, phakathi kwamatshe adingekayo ukuvikelwa. Umgodi obekwe kahle ofanele ukuzalaniswa ungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane izimpungushe zase-arctic. Kepha imink endala iyaye ishiywe yisizukulwane esisha, futhi kwakhiwa ukujula okusha eduze. Imvamisa ixhuma ekhaya labazali ngomhubhe. Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola i-labyrinths ephelele, efinyelela ekungeneni okungu-50-60.
Lezi zilwane zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye noma eziyishumi nanye. Ngo-Mashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, izimpungushe zesifazane ezibandayo ziqala i-estrus, evame ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, kudlula inkathi ebizwa ngokuzingela. Ngesikhathi lapho insikazi ingakhulelwa, izimpi zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa abaphikisanayo. Ngokulwa, badonsela ukunakekela kowesifazane kubo. Ukudlala ngothando kowesilisa nakho kungenzeka ngenye indlela: ugijima phambi kwalowo okhethiwe ngenduku, ngethambo noma ngenye into emazinyweni akhe.
Ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-52, kepha leli nani lingaba kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-49 kuye kwezingu-56. Ngasekupheleni, lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ezwa ukuthi uzobeletha kungekudala, imvamisa emavikini ama-2, uqala ukulungisa indawo yokuhlala - umba umgodi omusha, ahlanze lowo omdala emacembe. Uma kungekho mgodi ngesizathu esithile, khona-ke angabelethela ezihlahleni. Kusukela lapho insikazi izala amawundlu, impungushe yesilisa ye-arctic iba ukuphela kwenyamazane yomndeni wonke.
Insikazi inakekela inzalo ngokuphelele. Imidlwane emincane idla ubisi cishe amasonto ayishumi. Lapho-ke, njengoba sebevele bafinyelela emasontweni amathathu kuya kwamane ubudala, kancane kancane baqala ukuphuma emgodini. Umama akazondli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uzifundisa ukuzingela, uzifundisa ukusinda emakhazeni, ukumba imigodi emithonjeni yeqhwa.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe zase-Arctic
Isithombe: Impungushe yase-Arctic
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impungushe yase-Arctic uqobo lwayo iyisilwane esidlayo, lesi silwane sinezitha. Amantshontsho asengozini enkulu. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic zingazingelwa ama-wolverine, izinja ze-raccoon, izimpungushe nezimpisi. Kwesinye isikhathi ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe nalo lingahlasela, yize imvamisa impungushe yase-arctic ingenayo intshisekelo kuyo ngenxa yobuncane bayo.
Kepha izimpungushe ezincane ze-arctic zingaba yizisulu zezinyoni ezidla inyama, njenge:
- Isikhova Esimhlophe;
- ukhozi lwegolide;
- skua;
- ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe;
- igwababa;
- isikhova;
- izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-gulls.
Kepha kaningi, izimpungushe ezibandayo azifi njengezisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye, kepha zibulawa indlala ngenxa yokushoda kwemithombo yokudla. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinga lokufa kwezilwane (kanye nokuzala) lihluka kakhulu unyaka nonyaka. Izifo, ikakhulukazi ukhwekhwe, i-distemper, i-arctic encephalitis kanye ne-helminthiasis, nakho kuyimikhawulo.
Ngempungushe yase-Arctic, izimbangi eziqondile ekudleni yizilwane ezinjenge-ermine noma i-weasel. Kepha lezi zinhlobo zimbalwa ngenani ngakho-ke azibangeli monakalo omkhulu ku-Arctic fox. Futhi, emashumini eminyaka adlule, ukuguqulwa komngcele oseningizimu wendawo ye-fox yase-Arctic kuya enyakatho kuye kwaziwa. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungumphumela wokuhlalwa kwe-fox ehlathini le-tundra. Kepha futhi kunombono wokuthi ukufuduka kungenxa yomphumela wokushisa enhlabathini nasemhlabathini, kokuqukethwe kwawo komswakama, okuguqula isikhathi sekhava leqhwa, imozulu encane yemigodi kanye noshintsho ekusatshalalisweni kokuphakelwa kokudla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Arctic Fox Red Book
Inani lezimpungushe zase-Arctic likhonjelwe ukuguquguquka okuqinile ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza zokudla, ikakhulukazi ulamula. Futhi, ukufuduka kwezilwane kunethonya elikhulu enanini labantu. Njengoba nje ekwindla zonke izilwane ezihlala kuleli thundra ziqala ukuzulazula ogwini lolwandle nezigodi zemifula zibheke eningizimu, bese zibuyela emuva entwasahlobo, akuzona zonke izilwane ezisinda ekuzuleni, futhi ezinye zazo ziyafa, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni elambile.
Endaweni ye-tundra eminyakeni ehlukene inombolo ingahle isuke emashumini ezinkulungwane zabantu iye ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Izimpungushe ze-Arctic ziningi kakhulu eBolshezemelsky, Yenisei, Ustyansk, Yamal, Prilensky tundras.
Esikhathini esedlule, abantu babezingela izimpungushe zase-Arctic kakhulu ngenxa yejazi labo elihle loboya. Lokhu kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwamanani. Ngakho-ke, namuhla inkathi yokuzingela ilawulwa ngokuqinile - kukhawulelwe esikhathini sekwindla, futhi ngabantu abadala kuphela abangazingelwa. Futhi okuncane kakhulu, futhi okusengcupheni, ngenani elincane kakhulu, i-Commander subspecies of the blue fox (aka Mednovsky arctic fox) inesimo sezilwane ezisengozini futhi ibhalwe kuRed Book of Russia.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic
Isithombe: Impungushe yase-Arctic evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Njengamanje, umsebenzi osebenzayo uyaqhubeka ukwandisa inani lezimpungushe ezibandayo. Ukondliwa kwezilwane kuhlelwe ngesikhathi sendlala. Ngenxa yokuthanjiswa kalula kwezimpungushe zase-Arctic, baqala ukuzizalela ekuthunjweni. IFinland neNorway bangabaholi ekuzalelaneni nasekuzalaneni okuthunjiwe.
Impungushe ye-honey arctic, efakwe ohlwini lweRed Book yaseRussia, ivikelwe e-Commander Biosphere Reserve. Ukudoba impungushe yaseMednovsky arctic kumiswe ngokuphelele kuma-60s. Kwenziwa imizamo yokwelapha imidlwane ye-arctic fox egulayo evela ezifweni, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokusinda kwabo.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe futhi kunciphise ukufa kwezilwane ngesikhathi sasebusika, kanye nangesikhathi sokuwa kwamazinyane, kwenziwa imizamo yokunciphisa ukungeniswa kwezinja eMedny Island, kanye nemizamo yokwakha indawo yokufuya izimpungushe zase-Arctic zale nhlobo ekuthunjweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/15/2019 ngo-23: 55
