Iqembu lezinkawu ezincane - ama-marmosets ebhubesi - lithatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinkawu. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwenkawu lungezinye zezindawo ezihamba phambili ohlwini lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Incazelo yama-lion marmosets
Ama-Lion marmosets (Latin Leontopithecus) angabamele abakhulu kakhulu bezinkawu zomndeni wama-marmoset. Zisatshalaliswa kuphela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil.
Ukubukeka
Ama-marmosets ebhubesi anekhanda eliyindilinga elinobuso obufushane, obuyisicaba futhi obungenaboya, amehlo amancane nezindlebe ezinkulu ezihlobisa izicucu zezinwele. Lezi zinkawu zinamazinyo angama-32 kuye kwangama-36, ama-canine makhulu impela futhi awugqinsi, lawa aphezulu anesimo esingunxantathu kanye nomgodi osuka ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Umzimba omncane wama-marmosets ebhubesi ufinyelela kubude obungu-20 kuye ku-34 cm. Isisindo esimaphakathi salezi zinkawu singama-500-600 amagremu..
Izitho zifushane, ezangaphambili ziyaqina kakhulu futhi sezivele zaphenduka izidladla zangempela, kanti ezangemuva azihlukile kwezinye izinkawu. Ngokungafani namanye ama-primates, iminwe yama-marmosets ebhubesi, njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni, inezinzipho kunezinzipho eziyisicaba. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile izithupha zezitho zangemuva - zinezipikili ezinkulu, ezifakwe uthayela ngesimo. Lesi sakhiwo semilenze siyazivumela ukuthi zihambe ngokushesha nangokuzethemba ezihlahleni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubude bomsila obucijile bucishe bube ngu-30-40 cm.
Uboya babo bukhonjiswa ngobuningi nangobumnene, futhi umbala wawo, kuya ngohlobo lwe-marmoset, ungaba segolide noma umnyama, kwesinye isikhathi unemigqa. Akukho mehluko ekubukekeni kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Isici esivelele salezi zinkawu izinwele ezinde ezimisa ikhanda zifane nomhlwenga wengonyama.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Amabhubesi amaBhubesi ahlala ezindaweni ezihlukene ezingaba amahektha angama-40-70 futhi avikela izinto zawo kwezinye izilwane ngosizo lobuso obunolaka nokukhala okukhulu. Bahlala emindenini emincane yabantu abayi-3-7, lapho abesifazane nabesilisa benesistimu yabo yokubusa. Umndeni ungaba nabantu abadala abaningana bobulili obuhlukile noma iqembu lomndeni elinenzalo ekhulayo. Izilwane zikhuluma zodwa ngokukhala futhi zingavumeli ukuthi ezinye zingabonakali.
Okubalulekile! Emindenini, ukuziphatha komphakathi kuyathuthukiswa, kuvezwe ngokunakekelwa koboya nokwabiwa kokudla.
Ama-Igrunks achitha iningi lempilo yawo ezihlahleni, akhetha amahlathi aminyene ezitshalo ezikhuphukayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkawu, azihlali ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, kepha zihlala kuzo zonke izitho ezine ngasikhathi sinye, noma zilale ngesisu, zilenga umsila wazo opholile phansi. Futhi, azikaze zibonakale zihamba ngemilenze emibili - ngenkathi zihamba, zinyathela zonke izinyawo zemilenze yangemuva nasezandleni zangaphambili. Ama-marmosets ebhubesi angama-jumpers amahle kakhulu.
Lezi zinkawu ziphila ukuphila okumatasa emini, kodwa ebusuku zithola indawo yokukhosela ezihlahleni eziminyene noma emigodini yezihlahla, lapho zisonga zibe amabhola ajwayelekile. Ngenkathi besekuthunjweni, ama-marmosets avame ukufihla emabhokisini anikezwe bona ukuthi balale hhayi kuphela ebusuku, kepha nasemini. Ekuseni bashiya izindawo zabo zokuhlala bayofuna ukudla. Ama-Igrunks ahlekisa kakhulu futhi afisa ukwazi ngezinkawu ezinesimo esheshayo nesicashile.
Ekuthunjweni, bayesaba, abethembi, bayacasuka, imizwa yabo ayizinzile - ukwaneliseka ngokwenzekayo kungashintsha ngokungazelelwe kube ukunganeliseki, kuphoqe izinkawu ukuthi zivule amazinyo ngokwesaba noma zigaye ngolaka. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, lezi zinkawu zihlala ngokuthula, azinabo ubugovu obutholakala kwezinye izinkawu.
Okubalulekile! Ama-marmosets ebhubesi akwazi ukubona izinto ezivezwe emidwebeni: bona, ngokwesibonelo, bayesaba isithombe sekati, futhi bazama ukubamba amabhungane noma izintethe ezidwetshiwe.
Mangaki ama-mammosethi ahlala
Ama-marmosets anempilo aphile iminyaka eyi-10-14, isikhathi sokurekhoda sasiyiminyaka eyi-18.5 - nansi iminyaka emingaki isilwane sasekhaya esinye sama-zoo sihlala khona.
Izinhlobo zama-marmosets ezingonyama
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ezingaletha inzalo ama-mammosethi ezingonyama, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yisiphi isizini:
- I-golden lion tamarin, noma irosari, noma i-marmoset yegolide (lat. I-Leontopithecus rosalia) - inengubo e-silky, umbala wayo osukela kokukhanyayo okusawolintshi kuya ko-orange ojulile, nemane lengonyama lomlilo;
- Ibhubesi elinamakhanda asagolide (lat. I-Leontopithecus Chrysomelas) - ihlukaniswa ngoboya obumnyama nomhlwathi wegolide, kukhona nezimpawu zegolide ezinyaweni nasemsileni wangaphambili;
- I-black lion marmoset (lat. I-Leontopithecus Chrysopygus) - lolu hlobo lwamabhubesi emabhubesi cishe lumnyama bhuqe, ngaphandle kwezinqe zombala obomvu ngokubomvu;
- Ibhubesi elibuso obumnyama (lat. I-Leontopithecus Caissara) - ebonakala ngomzimba ophuzi nezidladla ezimnyama, umsila nomhlwenga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Bahlala eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil kuphela, indawo yokwabiwa kwalezi zinkawu ihlanganisa iSao Paulo, iBahia, iRio de Janeiro kanye nenyakatho yeParana. Bahlala ehlathini laseBrazil i-Atlantic, ikakhulukazi emathafeni asogwini.
Ukudla kwama-marmosets ebhubesi
Ama-marmosets ezingonyama adla izinambuzane, iminenke, izicabucabu, ama-vertebrate amancane, amaqanda ezinyoni, kepha ngaphezu kuka-80% wokudla kwawo okuyinhloko kuseseyizithelo, i-resin kanye nompe.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngaphandle kokuthi abantu abadala bobulili obufanayo bangahlala ngaphakathi kweqembu elilodwa, ngababili kuphela abavunyelwe ukuzala.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa amasonto ayi-17-18, owesifazane ubeletha amawundlu, imvamisa kungamawele, njengokuvamile, angajwayelekile kwamanye amazinyane. Ama-marmosets wezingonyama ezisanda kuzalwa ayikhophi yabantu abadala, umehluko ubonakala kuphela lapho kungekho khona umhlwenga nezinwele ezimfushane.
Lonke iqembu lezinkawu, kufaka phakathi abasha, babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo, kepha ubaba ukhombisa ukunakekelwa okukhulu. Isikhathi esiningi, yindoda ethwala inzalo, idlulisele amawundlu kowesifazane cishe imizuzu eyi-15 njalo emahoreni ama-2-3 okondla, futhi lokhu kuthatha amasonto afinyelela kwayi-7. Lapho amawundlu esenamasonto amane ubudala, aqala ukunambitha ukudla okuqinile ngenkathi eqhubeka nokudla ubisi lukanina. Lapho amawundlu efika eminyakeni yobudala yezinyanga ezintathu, abazali bawalumula kubo.
Okubalulekile! Ama-marmosets ebhubesi angazala unyaka wonke.
Cishe iminyaka eyi-1.5-2 ubudala, ama-marmosets ebhubesi afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi, kepha ngenxa yobudlelwano bezenhlalo emndenini, ukuzala kokuqala kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zezimbabazane zezingonyama ama-falconifers, izinyoka namakati asendle afana nengwe noma ingulule. izinyoni ezidla izilwane ziyingozi kakhulu. Uma izinkawu zingabalekela amakati akhuphukayo, zisheshe futhi zibe nobungcweti, futhi zikhethe nezindawo zokulala eziphephile, khona-ke indiza ngeke isindise ezinkozi nakukhozi, futhi ama-marmosets amaningi aba yisisulu sabo.
Kodwa-ke, izitha zemvelo azibi kangako kuma-marmosets ezingonyama - ukulimala okuyinhloko ezilwaneni kubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yazo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokugawulwa kwamahlathi eSelva, kwasala indawo encane kuphela yehlathi engathintwanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho bazingela ama-marmosets ezingonyama bese bezibamba ngokungemthetho bazithengise emakethe emnyama, njengoba lezi zinkawu ezincane zithandwa kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ingozi enkulu isongelwa yi-lion marmoset ebhekene nomnyama - akukho bantu abangaphezu kuka-400 balolu hlobo abahlala emvelweni. I-International Union for Conservation of Nature isinikeze isikhundla seCritical Danger.
Okubalulekile! Zonke izinhlobo ezi-4 zamabhubesi ezingonyama zisengozini yokuqothulwa futhi zibhalwe kuRed Book.
Isikhungo esizinikele sokuzalela ama-marmosets ezingonyama sisungulwe yi-WWF eduzane neRio de Janeiro.
