Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Imvukuzane (evela ku-Latin Talpidae) isilwane esincelisayo esiphakathi nendawo esivela ku-oda Shrews (kusuka ku-Latin Soricomorpha), yomndeni wemvukuzane.
Ubukhulu bomzimba walesi silwane bufinyelela ku-20 cm.Isidumbu siphela ngomsila omncane. Imvukuzane yezilwane inezitho ezine, kanti ezingaphambili zithuthuke kakhulu kunezingendluzele, zisetshenziselwa ukumba imigqa engaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ukubukeka kwezinhlamvu zamahlombe kufakwe ezinhlangothini.
Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlelwa kwezingalo zangaphambili, lesi silwane sibukeka sihlekisa, esingabonakala kuso isithombe semvukuzane yesilwane.
Ikhanda liyindilinga ngokulingana nomzimba futhi linosayizi ophakathi ngaphandle kwama-auricles nekhala elihlangene kancane. Izisekelo zamehlo zincane kakhulu, futhi izinkinobho zamehlo ngokwazo azinawo amalensi.
Kunamajwabu amehlo ahambayo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, amehlo agcwele isikhumba. Imvukuzane ayiboni, ayiboni lutho. Kepha ngokungafani nombono ongekho, imvelo inikeze lezi zilwane ukuzwa okuhle, iphunga nokuthinta.
Isikimu sombala woboya bezimvukuzane siyi-monochromatic, imvamisa imnyama kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi iba nsundu ngokunyama noma mpunga omnyama. Uboya bukhula buqondane kakhulu nesikhumba, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngaphansi komhlaba phambili naphambili. Izimvukuzane zishintsha uboya bazo (molt) kuze kube kathathu ngonyaka kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla.
Ngemuva kokufunda le ndatshana uzoba nokuqonda okuphelele ngokwengeziwe, yisiphi isilwane imvukuzane futhi ubuke ividiyo nezithombe zalesi silwane esinqabile.
Umndeni wemvukuzane uhlukaniswe waba yimikhaya emine, njenge:
- Ama-moles ama-Chinese (avela ku-Latin Uropsilinae);
- desman (osuka kuLatin Desmaninae);
- Izimvukuzane Zomhlaba Omusha (kusuka eLatin Scalopinae);
- Izimvukuzane Zomhlaba Omdala (kusuka eLatin Talpinae).
Le mindeni engezansi ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-40. Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zihlala ebuhleni be-USSR yangaphambili: ama-moguera amancane nezinkulu, imvukuzane yegundane, encane, iSiberia imvukuzane evamile.
Okufanekisiwe imvukuzane ejwayelekile
Indawo yokuhlala yama-moles yiwo wonke amazwekazi, kepha ingxenye enkulu bahlala eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Isilwane esingaphansi komhlaba seMole... Ihlala ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi evulekile, ikakhulukazi amahlathi namasimu, lapho bemba khona izindawo zabo zokuhlala, izindlela zokuqoqa nokugcina ukudla kanye nemingxunya yenzalo.
I-Stern drifts iwela ezindaweni ezinkulu futhi imvamisa itholakala ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ukujula ngaphezulu, kujule kancane ebusika.
I-burrow ye-hibernation kanye nokwakha izidleke ihlala ijule kakhulu futhi itholakala ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mgodi uhlala uneminyango eminingi futhi uyaphuma.
Ukudla kweMole
Izimvukuzane yizilwane ezinambuzane, isisekelo sokudla kwazo yimisundu. Bawaqoqa ezindaweni zokuphakela, bese izibungu ngokwazo zingena kule migodi, zikhangwe iphunga elifihlwe imvukuzane.
Imvukuzane yisilwane esincelisayo, ehola indlela yokuphila ubusuku nemini. Yondla izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku, ngenkathi idla cishe ama-20-30 amagremu ezikelemu.
Ngemuva kokudla, imvukuzane iya emgodini wokuzalela futhi, isongwe ebholeni, ilale amahora angama-3-5, ngemuva kwalokho iphinde iqale ukufuna ukudla.
Uma isilwane sithola izikelemu eziningi kunalokho esingakudla, imvukuzane iyisa ezindaweni zokugcina ezikhethekile, uhlobo lwesitoreji, ngemuva kokuluma amakhanda, bese ibuyela ekuzidleni ngemuva kokuvuka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimvukuzane yizilwane ezizodwa, zibhangqana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa ukuze ziqhubeke nohlobo lohlobo. Ngonyaka owodwa wokuphila, ama-moles afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi.
Isikhathi sokuzalela senzeka kanye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Insikazi ngenzalo iyodwa ilungisa isidleke, owesilisa akahlanganyeli kulokhu.
Izinsuku ezingama-40 emva kokukhulelwa, kuzalwa amawundlu amancane anempandla ngokuphelele. Imvamisa kukhona cishe abahlanu kukadoti, kaningi kufinyelela kubantu abayi-8-9.
Esithombeni, imvukuzane yengane
Phakathi nenyanga, inzalo iseduze neyensikazi, eletha ukudla futhi inakekele izingane zayo. Ngokuzayo, abasha bayashiya umgodi wabesifazane bese beqala ukwakha indawo yabo yokuhlala. Uma i-brood encane ingasishiyi isidleke, khona-ke insikazi ingayiluma, ngaleyo ndlela iyishayele impilo ezimele, yabantu abadala.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezimvukuzane
Ukwenza imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, imvukuzane, ingxenye enkulu yayo, izuzisa imvelo, ikhulule umhlaba, kepha lapho ihlala ezindaweni ezilinywe ngabantu, yenza okubi kakhulu kuyo.
Ezizeni zasendlini nasemakhaya amancane ehlobo, abantu bazama ukususa lesi silwane, ngoba ngokumba kwaso kulimaza izitshalo, ukuvuna futhi konakalisa ikakhulukazi izihlahla zensimu, kuveze izimpande zazo.
Ake sizame ukuphuma indlela yokubhekana nezimvukuzane engadini... Ngokwencazelo engenhla yesilwane, kuyacaca ukuthi lesi silwane sinomqondo othuthukile wokunuka nokuzwa, ngakho-ke, ukuze usikhiphele ngaphandle kwensimu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi.
Okokuqala, sonke siphila emhlabeni ophucukile ngenkathi kwenziwa ubunjiniyela bendawo kagesi futhi, ngokususelwa kulokhu, izinkampani zesimanje ezikhiqiza amadivayisi ahlukahlukene zisinikeza ukuthi sisebenzise amadivayisi azokwethusa izilwane ezahlukahlukene engadini yakho ngomsindo nange-ultrasound, kufaka phakathi ama-moles ...
Le ndlela iyona elula kunazo zonke futhi izodinga kuphela imali kuwe ukuthenga idivayisi enjalo. Kepha kungenzeka futhi ukulwa nezimvukuzane ngamakhambi abantu - okulula kunazo zonke ukusebenzisa umuzwa obucayi wephunga lezimvukuzane ngokumelene nabo, okungukuthi, kuyadingeka ukumanzisa isidwedwe nge-ejenti enephunga elinamandla, ngokwesibonelo, i-ammonia noma izinambuzane bese uyifaka ku-mole.
Iphunga lizoxosha imvukuzane isuke kule ndawo. Enye indlela yokususa lesi silwane esicasulayo isivunguvungu esivamile esinamathini angenalutho kuso ukudala umsindo omkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ungafaka nezinduku zensimbi emhlabathini ngokujula kwamamitha angu-0.5-1 bese ulenga amathini afanayo kuzo, okuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, zingqongqoze endukwini, ngaleyo ndlela zakhe umsindo omkhulu nokudlidliza imvukuzane engakuthandi kangako.
Zonke izindlela zokubhekana nezimvukuzane ezichazwe ngenhla azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile lezi zilwane ngeke zibuyele endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni.
Ngakho-ke, kuyanconywa, ngemuva kokuthi usuxoshe lesi silwane esincelisayo esizeni sakho, ukwenza isithiyo sokungena ekungeneni kwaso, okungukuthi, ukumba inetha lenetha kube ukujula kwamamitha angu-0.5-1 onqenqemeni lomgwaqo noma ukwakha esinye isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa.
