ICichlazoma mesonaut (lat. Mesonauta festivus - amazing) iyicichlid enhle, kodwa engathandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu. Ngisho negama layo ngesiLatini lisikisela ukuthi iyinhlanzi enhle kakhulu.
I-Mesonauta isho okukhethekile futhi i-festivus isho ngomusa. Le ngenye yezinhlanzi zokuqala ezavela ezindaweni zokuzilibazisa emuva ngo-1908 futhi yaqala ukuzalwa eNtshonalanga Jalimane ngo-1911.
Esinye sezici ezihlukanisayo ze-mesonout cichlazoma umugqa omnyama ophuma emlonyeni wayo, kuwo wonke umzimba futhi ukhuphukele ekugcineni kwesiphetho. Kunokuhlukahluka okungenani okungu-6 noma ngaphezulu kwemesonout, kepha bonke banalo leli bhande. Futhi ukuhlukahluka kombala kuncike endaweni yendawo yezinhlanzi ngokwemvelo.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezigcinwa kahle ngamaqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokuthula impela futhi kungagcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini ezivamile nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, imvamisa ngisho nezincane.
Bazoba omakhelwane abalungile nabathandekayo bama-scalars, kepha hhayi izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-neon, ngoba bazokubona njengokudla.
Ngokwemvelo, i-mesonout cichlazoma inokuziphatha okuthakazelisa kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, balala ngohlangothi lwabo, futhi ngesikhathi sengozi, bavele bagxume baphume emanzini, kanti amanye ama-cichlids azama ukusondela ezansi.
Njengomthetho, bagxila kahle, kwanele nje ukuqapha amapharamitha wamanzi bese uwondla ngendlela elinganiselayo. Banamahloni impela futhi bayesaba, badinga indawo yokukhosela enjengezimbiza, ukhukhunathi noma izinguzunga ezinkulu, lapho bangahlala khona ngaphandle kosongo olucatshangelwayo noma lwangempela.
Futhi, ngenxa yokwesaba, bavame ukweqa baphume emanzini, ngakho-ke kufanele ivalwe.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-mesonout cichlazoma yachazwa okokuqala nguHeckel ngo-1840. Zivame kakhulu eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eMfuleni iParaguay, ogeleza udlule eBrazil naseParaguay. Futhi kutholakala e-Amazon, kugeleza kudlula eBolivia, ePeru, eBrazil.
Ngokwemvelo, zitholakala emanzini acwebile futhi aneziyaluyalu, noma kulawo abunjiwe. Zikhetha ukuhlala emifuleni nasemachibini, ezindaweni ezinomsinga omncane, lapho zicasha khona ezihlahleni eziminyene zezitshalo zasemanzini.
Zondla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ulwelwe namanye ama-benthos.
Uhlobo lweMesonauta okwamanje aluqondakali kahle. Muva nje kutholakale ukuthi ayiqukethe eyodwa, kepha izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, okungachaziwe ezinhlanu zazo.
Ukudubula ngaphansi kwamanzi emvelweni:
Incazelo
Umzimba we-mesonout umile okweqanda, ucindezelwe kamuva, unamaphiko akhombe endunu nangasemuva. Le cichlid enkulu ngokwanele engakhula ize ifike ku-20 cm ku-aquarium, yize emvelweni incane, cishe amasentimitha ayi-15. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-7-10.
Isici esihluke kakhulu kumbala we-mesonout umugqa omnyama oqala emlonyeni, udlule ngamehlo, maphakathi nomzimba bese ukhuphukela ekugcineni kwesifuba.
Kunokuhlukahluka okungenani okungu-6 kombala, kepha konke kunalo mugqa.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
IMezonauta yinhle kubaqalayo njengoba kulula ukuyondla nokuyondla, futhi futhi ingenye yama-cichlid anokuthula kakhulu azungeze.
Zisebenza kahle kuma-aquariums omphakathi, nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi esifana nesimo.
Zijwayela kahle izimo ezahlukahlukene zamanzi futhi azifuneki ukuze zondle.
Ukondla
Izinhlanzi ze-omnivorous, ze-mesonout zidla cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla emvelweni: imbewu, ulwelwe, izibungu zezinambuzane, kanye nokudla okuphilayo okuhlukahlukene. E-aquarium, badla kokubili okweqhwa nokudla okuphilayo, abakwenqabi ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino.
Ukudla kwemifino kungaba imifino ehlukahlukene, isibonelo, ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, isipinashi.
Izilwane: ama-bloodworms, ama-brine shrimp, i-tubifex, i-gammarus, ama-cyclops.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Njengoba ama-mesonout eyizinhlanzi ezinkulu impela, ivolumu enconywayo yokugcina isuka kumalitha angama-200. Abayithandi imisinga enamandla, kepha bathanda amanzi ahlanzekile anokuqukethwe okuphezulu komoya-mpilo.
Ukuze bazizwe bekhululekile, udinga ukutshala kahle i-aquarium ngezitshalo bese uhlela izindawo eziningi zokuhlala ezahlukene.
Abazimbi izitshalo njengamanye ama-cichlids, kanti izinhlobo ezingenasizotha ezifana ne-vallisneria zizoqhakaza. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezintekenteke, ngakho-ke, njengenhlanhla engaba nayo, amanye ama-mesonout adla izitshalo, kanti ezinye azizithinti. Ngokusobala kuya ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi.
Kubalulekile ukumboza i-aquarium, ngoba ama-mesonout ajwayele ukuphuma kuwo lapho esaba. Zibuye zizwele kokuqukethwe kwe-ammonia ne-nitrate emanzini, ngakho-ke udinga njalo ukugcwala phansi bese ufaka amanzi ngamanzi amasha.
Bakhetha amanzi ngobulukhuni be-2-18 ° dGH, ene-pH engu-5.5-7.2, kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-25-34 ° C.
Ukuhambisana
Izinhlanzi eziningi ezinokuthula ezihambisana kahle nezinhlanzi eziphakathi nezikhulu. Kepha, kuseseyi-cichlid nezinhlanzi ezincane ezinjengamakhadinali noma ama-neon zizodliwa.
Kungcono ukugcina i-mesonout ngababili noma ngamaqembu, kodwa hhayi iyodwa, njengoba inhlanzi ikhululekile kakhulu emphakathini. Imvamisa ziyabekezelela amanye ama-mesonaut namanye ama-cichlids.
Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-cichlids amakhulu nolaka anjenge-festa cichlazoma nezimpondo zezimbali kufanele agwenywe.
Izinhlanzi eziseduze lapho ama-mesonout ahlala khona emvelweni zingama-scalars. Zibuye zihambisane kahle nomdlavuza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nowamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-severums. Ngezinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo, i-marble gourami, ama-barbs amakhulu njengeDenisoni noma iSumatran, ne-catfish - i-taracatum, isibonelo, ifanelekile.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa owesifazane nowesilisa kwi-mesonout cichlazoma. Abesilisa bavamise ukuba bakhulu, banamaphiko amade aqondile, akhonjiswe emuva nangaphambili.
Bahlukane ngababili beneminyaka ecishe ibe unyaka.
Ukuzala
Izinhlanzi zaseMesonaut aquarium zihlukaniswe zaba ngamabhangqa azinzile, angama-monogamous eneminyaka engaba unyaka. Amanzi akwi-aquarium edala amanzi kufanele abe ne-acidic encane nge-pH ezungeze u-6.5, athambise u-5 ° dGH, kanye nokushisa okungama-25 - 28 ° C.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi izalela amaqanda angaba yikhulu (emvelweni ophakathi kuka-200 no-500) eqabungeni lesitshalo elihlanzwe ngokucophelela noma etsheni, bese owesilisa amvundise.
Qaphela ukuthi ngokwemvelo, ama-mesonout ajwayele ukubeka amaqanda ezinhlakeni zikamoba ezifakwe emanzini.
Uma ungabathola abazongena esikhundleni sabo e-aquarium, kuzokhulisa ukunethezeka kwezinhlanzi futhi kwandise namathuba okuzala ngempumelelo.
Ngemuva kokuzala, lezi zithandani zizogada amaqanda futhi ziwanakekele kuze kube yilapho isibhakabhaka sibhukuda. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-fry ibhukuda, abazali bayamthatha bamnakekele bamfundise ukuhamba emkhathini.
Isonto lokuqala noma amabili othosiwe ungafakwa nge-brine shrimp nauplii, bese udluliselwa kokuphakelayo okukhulu. AmaJuvenile azithanda kakhulu izimpukane zezithelo zeDrosophila, ngokusho komunye u-aquarist futhi angazalwa kalula phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele.
Njengoba kunzima ukucacisa ubulili be-mesonout cichlazoma, imvamisa bathenga ezinhlanzini eziyisithupha babanike isikhathi sokuzibhanqa bebodwa. Ukukhuthaza ukuzala, udinga ukwengeza amatshe acabalele, abushelelezi. Kodwa, kuyinto eyodwa ukubeka amaqanda, kungenye yokwenza izinhlanzi ziwanakekele.
Ungatshala izinhlanzi ezingenalo ulaka ezindaweni zokuzalela, ubukhona bazo benza i-mesonout ivikele amaqanda futhi ikhombise imizwa yabazali, inakekele nefry.
