Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo izinhlanzi ezimpunga
Okumpunga – inhlanzi, eyaziwa ngobuhle bayo nokuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Ungowomndeni omncane we-greyling futhi uyisihlobo esiseduze sezinhlanzi ezimhlophe nama-salmonids, angabodwa umndeni wezinhlanzi kusuka mpunga.
Abantu balesi sakhi cishe bangama-25-35 cm ngosayizi, kepha ubude babesilisa ngabodwa bungaba yingxenye yemitha. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg. Bona, njengezinhlobo zemifino, bavame ukutholakala emachibini aseSiberia, iphi inhlanzi empunga kukho konke ukwehluka kwayo.
Umbala walezi zidalwa zasemanzini uhlukile futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Umzimba uvame ukunwebeka futhi umbozwe izikali ezicwebezelayo ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Njengoba kubonakala grey esithombeni, izinhlanzi zivame ukuba nomhlane omnyama, kwezinye izinhlobo izindawo ezimnyama ziyahlukaniswa ezinhlangothini.
Isici sokubukeka kwangaphandle ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, i-dorsal fin ekhangayo, egqamile ngemibala egqamile, ngemuva kwayo kwabanye abantu kufinyelela ezansi komsila. Inhloko yezinhlanzi incane, futhi kuyo kunamehlo amakhulu, amakhulu.
I-Grayling incamela ukuhlala kumadamu asezintabeni ngamanzi abandayo nahlanzekile: amachibi neziphethu zamatshe amatshe atholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo ikakhulukazi njengemifula enezimbobo eziningi nama-rapids, anesiteshi esilinganayo esingalingani.
Ukumpunga akuvamile eSiberia kuphela, kodwa nase-Urals, nasenyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika. Abantu abahlala emanzini ase-Amur naseBaikal bavame ukukhipha izindawo ezibomvu ezingaphezulu kwamaphiko okhalo, futhi ngaphansi kwazo kunemivimbo ensundu ye-oblique enombala onsomi.
Izimpawu ze- izinhlanzi ezimpunga futhi okubomvu amabala avundlile abonakala ngokusobala ku-dorsal fin. I-Grayling nayo itholakala ngobuningi emadamini eCanada. Impunga ifuna ngenhlanzeko echibini elihlala kulo nokugcwaliswa kwamanzi nge-oxygen. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbeli izinhlanzi ezinjalo ukuba zihlale ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngokwesibonelo, eMongolia.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi ezimpunga
Iyiphi inhlanzi empunga? Labahlali bamanzi angenasawoti bahlukaniswa nobugovu, ubumnandi, ukushesha, ubugorha namandla. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izidalwa zikhetha ukucasha ezindaweni ezifihlekile, ekujuleni okukhulu, ngemuva kwamatshe naku-algae. Ebusika, izinhlanzi zikhetha imigodi ejulile, lapho zicasha khona kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Futhi vele ngo-Ephreli, baya ohambweni olungenhla nomfula noma echibini, beyofuna imifudlana encane. Izikhathi ezindala zamanzi, ezikhetha ukuhlala zodwa ngokuphelele, zivame ukubhukuda kude kakhulu zifuna indawo ekahle yokuzala.
Izinhlanzi ezisencane nezingavuthiwe, zize zikhule futhi zivuthwe, zivame ukuqoqana ngamaqembu, zichithe izinsuku zazo enkampanini yohlobo lwazo. Inyama yenhlanzi iqinile, iyababa futhi ithambile, inephunga elimnandi futhi inombala okhanyayo obomvana, okwaziswa ngayo. Izitsha eziningi ezingajwayelekile, zoqobo nezimnandi zilungiselelwe kuwo, ingaphekwa futhi ithosiwe, iyisitshulu futhi ibhakwe.
Kuhle futhi ukufaka usawoti, nendlebe empunga iyamangalisa nje. Inyama yale nhlanzi iyashesha ukuphekwa, kubhekwa njengokudla futhi, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okwehlukile, ayidingi ukwengeza inani elikhulu leziphuzo ezikhethekile nezinongo. Ungayibamba kanjani iGreyling? Ama-anglers akhetha ukudoba ngamatrololi, ama-reel spinning kanye ne-float tackle.
Lo msebenzi ujabulisa kakhulu ngenxa yesimo esisebenzayo salesi sidalwa esiphilayo samanzi ahlanzekile, okulula ukusibamba. Ukubamba okuphumelelayo, umuntu kufanele acabangele imvelo nemikhuba yalezi zidalwa, ezikhetha kakhulu ukuhola izimpilo zazo ezindaweni ezinomsinga osheshayo, futhi cishe azitholakali emifuleni nasemathafeni anotshani.
Ukudoba i-grayling kubhekwa njengokudoba ezemidlalo, futhi ngabadobi abanolwazi kuphela abangathola ukubanjwa okucebile ngempela. Kepha, ngeshwa, ukubanjwa kwale nhlanzi kusanda kwenzeka ngaphansi kwelayisense, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lalezi zidalwa zamanzi angenasawoti.
Ukudla okumnandi okungavamile - inyama yenhlanzi eyimpunga ingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Futhi, imvamisa ngokulethwa ekhaya, umkhiqizo ofanayo unikezwa kuzinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene kwi-Intanethi. Lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele uqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ama-fatty acids abalulekile namaprotheni, amuncwa kalula ngumzimba. Intengo yezinhlanzi ezimnyama imvamisa kuba cishe ama-ruble ayi-800 / kg.
Ukudla okumpunga
UGreyling uyisilwane esidla ezinye. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi ezinamazinyo. Kepha ukwakheka komlomo, okuqondiswe phansi, kubavumela ukuthi baqoqe kalula futhi bamane baqoqe ukudla okufanele kusuka phansi kwamachibi, izinhlobonhlobo zama-mollusks nezibungu. I-Grayling ayikhethi neze ekudleni, idla ama-mayflies, izimpukane zamatshe, izimpukane ze-caddis ne-caviar yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, aziphuthelwa yithuba lokuzitika ngezinambuzane.
Futhi izintethe, izimpukane namaphimpi, angenanhlanhla yokuwela emanzini, angaba yisisulu sabo. Ijubane elikhulu nokunyakaza kuvumela ukuba mpunga ukubamba izinambuzane nokuhlasela, futhi bayakwazi ukugxumela emanzini aphakeme ngokwanele ukushwabadela inyamazane yabo.
Izinhlobo ezithile zempunga enkulu impela aziphuthelwa yithuba lokunambitha inyama yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezincane kanye nefry engenalwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badla inyama yezilwane ezincane, ikakhulukazi amagundane.
UGreyling ubekezela impela futhi angazingela inyamazane yakhe izinsuku eziningi, ngaphandle kokuhamba nokubanda endaweni, elinde isikhathi lapho ukugeleza komfula osheshayo uqobo kuzobalethela okuthile okufanele ukudla kwasemini. Okumpunga kudla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, okusiza kakhulu ama-anglers ukuthola kalula isicupho esifanelekile. Futhi lapha cishe noma yikuphi ukudoba kuzokwenza.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sezinhlanzi ezimpunga
Lezi zinhlanzi zikwazi ukuzala kuphela lapho sezineminyaka emibili. Ukubukeka kwabesilisa kuguquka ngandlela thile ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana. Ukupunga phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa kunombala ohlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile, ongajwayelekile futhi ogqamile, futhi umphetho wabo ongaphezulu ohlaba umxhwele engxenyeni engemuva uyakhula, uthatha isimo sendlela enemibala.
Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imvelo inencazelo ekhethekile kulokhu, ngoba ukugeleza kwamanzi okufana ne-vortex okuvela emaphikweni anjalo kwenza ukuthi ubisi lungathathwa ngumsinga osheshayo, okwenza inqubo yokufaka umquba isebenze kahle kakhulu.
Ngokuqala ukumpunga kwentwasahlobo ithambekele emanzini angajulile ukubeka amaqanda, ukukhetha izindawo ezihlanzekile ezinamanzi acwebezelayo, phansi okunamatshe noma okuyisihlabathi. Ukwenza le nqubo, insikazi yakha izidleke, lapho izalela khona izinkulungwane zamaqanda, akhanya ngokukhanyayo ngegolide ngombala futhi afinyelela kumamilimitha amane ngosayizi.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda, umsebenzi wokuzala lezi zinhlanzi usuphothuliwe, bese kuthi impunga ibuyele ezindaweni zobusika ezingasasebenzi. Futhi abaqali ukuhamba ngokuhamba kuze kufike ukuzala okulandelayo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwempunga sincike ezimweni zobukhona nendawo okuhlala kuyo, kepha imvamisa ayineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14.
