AmaKites (Milvinae) yizinyoni ezingaphansi kohlelo lwe-Hawk kanye nomndeni we-Hawk. Emazweni ahlukene, abamele lo mndeni omncane babizwa ngokuthi ama-korshaks nama-shuliks, kanye nama-korkuns.
Incazelo yekhayithi
AmaKites yizinyoni ezidla inyama, zinhle futhi azidinwa lapho zindiza, ezikwazi ukundiza ngobukhulu besibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko azo ikota yehora... Izinyoni ezinjalo zikhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzihlukanisa esibhakabhakeni ngeso lenyama. Ngokwemvelo, isidlakela esinezimpaphe siyavilapha futhi sihambe kancane.
Ukubukeka
Inyoni enkulu edla inyama ifinyelela ubude besigamu semitha, ngesisindo somuntu omdala esingaphansi kwekhilogremu elilodwa. Izimpiko zinde futhi zincane, zinobude obufinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ikhayithi libonakala ngomlomo omise okwegwegwe nemilenze emifushane. Izimpaphe zekhayithi zingaba nombala ohlukahlukene kakhulu, kepha imibala evelele kakhulu nsundu futhi imnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izwi lekhayithi lifana namathrilli omculo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi inyoni edla inyama ikhipha imisindo edlidlizelayo nengejwayelekile, ngokungangabazeki okusikhumbuza ukukhala kwethala elincane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
AmaKites yizinyoni ezifudukayo, kepha amanye amaqembu abonakala ngokuphila ngokuhlala kuphela. Izindiza zenziwa yimihlambi yonke, enabantu abayishumi nambili, okubhekwa njengesimo esingajwayelekile phakathi kwezidlakudla ezinamaphiko. Kusebusika, izindawo zamazwe afudumele ase-Afrika nase-Asia zisetshenziswa, ezibonakala ngezimo zezulu ezishisayo.
AmaKites ayizinyoni ezingaqinile futhi ezivilaphayo, futhi ngemvelo yazo ahlukaniswa ngobukhosi obedlulele noma isibindi esedlulele. Izindawo ezihlala abantu zisetshenziswa izinyoni ukuzingela nokwakha izidleke, kepha izidlakela ezinjalo ezinamaphiko zijwayele ukwenza umzabalazo onzima wokuba khona kwazo. Abantu abaningi abadala baphoqeleka ukuba bazifunele ukudla kanye nenzalo yabo ezindaweni ezikude, zakwamanye amazwe, futhi bavikele ngenkuthalo izindawo zabo zokuhlala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma inyoni inamandla futhi inkulu, kulapho isidleke sihlotshiswa ngokugqamile, kanti izidlova ezibuthakathaka ezinezimpaphe azizihlobisi nhlobo izidleke zazo.
Imvamisa, ikhayithi elidala lihlobisa isidleke salo ngezigqoko ezikhanyayo nezihehayo noma izikhwama zepulasitiki, kanye nodoti ocwebezelayo futhi onamandla oqinile, ovumela inyoni ukuthi ingagcini nje ngokuphawula indawo yayo, kodwa futhi nokwethusa omakhelwane kahle, ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwabo.
Mangaki ama-kite ahlala
Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila senyoni edla inyama, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, imvamisa asidluli ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Izinhlobo zama-kite
Umndeni omncane omkhulu weKite umelwe yizinhlobo eziyisikhombisa nezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nane:
- Ikhayithi likaBrahmin (Нliаstur indusIyinyoni edliwayo ephakathi nendawo. Abantu abadala banezimpaphe ezinkulu ezibomvu ngokunsundu nekhanda nesifuba esimhlophe;
- Ikhayithi lika-Whistler (Нliаstur sрhеnurusIsidliwayo esilingana nendawo esiphakathi nendawo. Inyoni esikhulile inekhanda eliphaphathekile, neliphuzi ngokumnyama, isifuba nomsila, kanye namaphiko ansundu nezimpaphe eziyinhloko ezimnyama;
- Ikhayithi elimnyama (Abafuduki bakaMilvus) Ingabe umhlaseli onezimpaphe womndeni we-hawk. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala ubonakala ngomhlane onsundu omnyama, umqhele omhlophe onezimpawu zesiqu esimnyama, izimpaphe eziyinhloko ezimnyama ngokunsundu, nohlangothi oluphakathi olunsundu ngombala obomvu. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba: i-kite yaseYurophu (Milvus migrans migrans), ikhayithi elinama-Black-eared (IMilvus migrans lineatus), Ikhayithi elincane laseNdiya (Milvus migrans govinda) kanye neKaiwan kite (Milvus migrans formosanus);
- Ikhayithi elibomvu (Milvus milvusIyinyoni edliwayo ephakathi nendawo. Indawo yekhanda nentamo mpunga ophaphathekile. Izimpaphe ezisemzimbeni, engxenyeni engaphezulu yomsila nakuzo zonke izembozo zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu, zinemidwebo emnyama yobude esifubeni;
- I-Slug kite noma i-slug kite yomphakathi (URostrhamus sosiabilis) Isidlakudla esinezimpaphe sihlukaniswe saba uhlobo oluhlukile futhi sibonakala nge-dimorphism. Eziduna zinezimpaphe ezimnyama zamalahle, umsila oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onomugqa obanzi omnyama. Imihlathi namehlo abomvu. Abesifazane banombala onsundu onemigqa ensundu. Isici sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo silele esimweni esikhethekile somlomo omncane, onoqhwaku olude nolugobile ngokubonakalayo.
Futhi, emndenini omncane wamaKites kunezinhlobo ezimelwe i-Chernogrudym kanyukovym kite (Namirostra melanosternon), ikhayithi elinezinhlangothi ezimbili (i-Narragus bidentatus) i-Ryzhebokim bidentate kite (i-Narragus diodon), i-Mississippi kite (Istinia mississirriensis), i-kiteite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Istinia) I-Lorhoictinia isura).
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-Brahmin Kites atholakala ezwekazini laseNdiya, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia. I-Whistler Kite iyinyoni yamahlathi ekhetha ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi. Ama-kites adla ama-slime ahlala ikakhulukazi emaxhaphozini, lapho ahlala khona ngamaqembu ngamabhangqa ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Kwesinye isikhathi inani labantu ekoloni lifinyelela kumakhulu ngamabili.
Ikhayithi elimnyama livamile e-Afrika, ngaphandle kweSahara, kanye naseMadagascar, ezindaweni ezifudumele neziseningizimu ye-Asia. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingatholakala ngisho nakwezinye iziqhingi, eRussia nase-Ukraine. EPalaearctic, ama-kite amnyama ayizinyoni ezifudukayo, kanti kwezinye izingxenye zendawo yokwakha izidleke angaphansi kwesigaba sezinyoni ezihlala phansi.
Ama-kites aseYurophu azalela enkabeni, empumalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu, futhi ebusika kuphela e-Afrika... Ama-kite anamaqabunga amnyama atholakala ikakhulu eSiberia, futhi indawo yokuhlala ye-Little Indian Kite imelwe empumalanga yePakistan, e-India eshisayo naseSri Lanka kuya eNhlonhlweni yaseMalay.
Ukudla kwekite
Izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi naseziseduze nogu, zivame ukuba yizinyoni, kepha zithanda izinhlanzi nezinkalankala. Ngezikhathi ezithile, labo abamele umndeni omncane bangabamba amalulwane nama-hares, futhi bathathe inyamazane yezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo eziphakathi. Kwesinye isikhathi badla uju futhi babhubhise isifuba sezinyosi zezinyosi ezibandayo.
Ama-whistler kites adla cishe yonke into angayibamba, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinhlanzi nezinyoni, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane nama-crustaceans, kepha azikudeleli ukubola. Isabelo sokudla kuphela se-kite yabantu abadala esidla ama-slug ngama-mollusks, ububanzi bawo obungu-30-40 mm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inqe elidla ama-slug libamba isisulu salo ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. Le nyoni ilanda iminenke egobolondweni isebenzisa uqhwaku olude nolugobile.
Yize ubukhulu bayo bukhulu impela, ikhayithi elibomvu alinalo ulaka kakhulu, futhi futhi alinamandla futhi liqinile uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko amaningi, kufaka phakathi ama-buzzards. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, inyoni indizela phezulu futhi ibheke umdlalo omncane. Ibona isisulu sayo, lesi silwane siwela phansi njengetshe, bese sibamba uzipho ngezinzipho ezibukhali. Into yokuzingela imvamisa izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nemisundu. I-Carrion kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa njengokudla, ikakhulukazi izinsalela zezimvu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-Brahmin kites isidleke ezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile angazakha izidleke zazo ngaphansi kwezitshalo, ngqo phansi. I-clutch ngayinye imelwe ngamaqanda amabili amhlophe noma amhlophe okwesibhakabhaka, amachwane awo achamisela ngemuva kwamasonto amane. Abazali bondla izingane ndawonye.
Izidleke ze-Whistler kites zifana namapulatifomu amakhulu enziwe ngamagatsha futhi ahlanganiswe namahlamvu aluhlaza. Isidleke esinjalo siyaqedwa, emva kwalokho sisetshenziswa izinyoni ezimbalwa unyaka nonyaka, kanti insikazi ivame ukubeka amaqanda amabili noma amathathu amhlophe qwa anezindawo ezibomvu ngoku nsundu. Ukufukamela kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Inzalo yokuqala yekhayithi elibomvu elilodwa elibomvu livela kuphela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemine ubudala. Izidleke zakhiwa ngemfoloko ezihlahleni ezifana ne-oki, i-linden noma iphayini, phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba. Phakathi nonyaka, kuvela inzalo eyodwa kuphela, efukanywa kuphela yinsikazi.
I-slug idla izidleke emihlangeni yomhlanga, ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezingathi shu, kanye naseziqhingini eziphakathi kwamaxhaphozi. Isidleke salolu hlobo sibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke sivame ukubhujiswa ngumoya noma imvula. I-clutch eyodwa iqukethe amaqanda amathathu noma amane ombala oluhlaza okotshani onamabala ansundu. Ukufukamela kwabazali ababili kuthatha cishe amasonto amane. Amachwane abuye ondliwe ndawonye owesilisa nowesilisa.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-kites aseBrahminian ayakwazi ukuhlasela emhlanjini ngisho nakwezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ngisho nezinkozi, izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukuhlupheka kakhulu yizintwala ezivamile ezihlafunwayo zohlobo lweKurodaya, Colroserhalum neDegeriella. Futhi, izinto eziyimikhawulo emikhulu ezithinta abantu ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo kanye nokuncipha kokuphakelwa kokudla.
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-kites anenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha, okuyinhloko zazo ezimelelwa izidalwa ezinkulu. Ngokusobala, umonakalo omkhulu kubantu abaningi bama-kites, abahlala esidlekeni se-anthropogenic sezwe, kubangelwa amagwababa afakwe izigqoko, kuchitha izidleke ezinamaqanda ezigabeni zokuqala zokufukamela. Amacala we-marten predation noma weasel nawo afundwe kahle.
Kodwa-ke, into eyinhloko ethinta kabi inani eliphelele lezinyoni ezidlayo njengama-kites ngabantu. Inani elincane lezinyoni zalo mndeni lifela ezintanjeni zikagesi ezinamandla amakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezinye izinyoni ezindala zihlushwa kakhulu ubuthi obunezakhi eziningi ezinobuthi ezine-chlorine kanye ne-organophosphorus.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Uhlu lwe-IUCN lubeka iBrahmin Kite njengezinhlobo ezingakhathazwa kangako. Yize kunjalo, kwezinye izifunda zeJava, inani eliphelele lale nhlobo lincipha ngokuya ngokuqina.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani labantu beWhistler Kite alikhathazi kangako, futhi inani eliphelele leRed Kite lehle kakhulu.
Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla okucijile kwenani lezinyoni ukufuna kwabantu izinyoni ezinjalo, ukwehla kwekhwalithi nokusetshenziswa kwezomnotho kwamazwe alungele ukwakhiwa. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abantu enyakatho-ntshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu bakhombise izimpawu ezithile zokululama.
