Inhlanzi eyikati - inhlanzi enkulu futhi ebukeka isongela, kepha imvamisa ayinabungozi kubantu. Zihlala ngasese emfuleni phansi futhi azivamile ukuvela phezulu, zivila futhi zihamba kancane, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzingela zingasheshisa kakhulu. Ukudoba i-catfish kudume kakhulu, ngoba banenyama emnandi, futhi "inhlanzi" eyodwa inganele isikhathi eside.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Catfish
I-Catfish ingeyenhlanzi e-ray-finned - abamele bokuqala balesi sigaba bavela esikhathini se-Devonia, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-390 BC. Kancane kancane, bahlala ezindaweni eziningi ngokwengeziwe, kwakhiwa amaqembu nemikhaya eminingi ngokwengeziwe. I-oda le-catfish lisendulo impela - lokhu kufakazelwa yizici eziningi zabamele. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezinemiqolo ekhanda nasemaphikweni, noma ngamazinyo esikhumba afana nalawo oshaka abanawo.
Ividiyo: ICatfish
Esinye isici esibalulekile esikhombisa ukuthi i-catfish yakudala ibakhona ukuba khona kogebhezi lwazo ezinye zazo ukuvulwa kukaphayini, okufana ne-Osteolepis e-lobe-finned or extinct cross-finned - yenzelwe isitho esizwela ukukhanya futhi ayijwayelekile kwezinye izinhlanzi. I-Catfish ihlobene ne-haracin, i-carp nama-hymnoths - konke kwavela ohlotsheni olufanayo loqobo, ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka esikhathini seCretaceous, ngemuva kwalokho lolu hlobo lwaphela, futhi baqhubeka nokukhula. I-Catfish inezici eziningi zakudala.
I-oda lifaka phakathi umndeni we-catfish, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke kubhekwa njenge-catfish ejwayelekile - kuzobhekwa ngokuqhubekayo. Kuchazwe nguCalon Linnaeus ngo-1758, igama lesayensi - uSilurus glanis.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinganekwane ze-catfish edla umuntu zihlotshaniswa nokutholwa esiswini sabantu abakhulu bamathambo abantu, kanye namasongo nezingubo zokugqoka. Kungenzeka, i-catfish yamane yadla izidumbu esezivele zagcina emfuleni - awekho amacala athembekile okubhaliswa kwabantu ngazo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Catfish
Phambilini, ama-catfish amakhulu abanjwa emifuleni yaseYurophu - ubude bomzimba wabo babufinyelela kumamitha ama-5, kanti isisindo sawo sasingafika kuma-400 kilograms. Le mininingwane ivusa ukuzethemba, ngoba umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke owenzelwe ngokwemithetho yonke uphansi nje kancane - isisindo sayo saba ngu-306 kg. Kodwa-ke, i-catfish ikhula yonke impilo yayo, okusho ukuthi kuyaqabukela ifinyelele osayizi abanjalo: emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kuka-160 kg abakabanjwa - futhi nalesi sisindo sesivele sikhulu kakhulu ku-catfish. Umuntu omdala uthathwa njengenhlanzi enesisindo esisuka ku-12-15 kg, kanti abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kuka-30 kg bahlangana ngokungavamile - lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu kumlobi we-angler.
Inhloko ye-catfish inkulu maqondana nomzimba futhi ibukeka njengeyisicaba. Imihlathi mikhulu, kepha amazinyo mancane kakhulu - kodwa maningi, futhi abukhali. Amehlo mancane ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wekhanda. Uphawu lwesici se-catfish amadevu, amabili amade futhi amane amafushane. Umbala we-catfish ungahluka kakhulu, kuya ngokuthi uhlalaphi nokuthi isikhathi sini sonyaka. Imvamisa, umzimba wayo uba mpunga ngokumnyama ngaphezulu, futhi isisu silula. Izinhlanzi zingaba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, zibe luhlaza satshani, ziphuzi ngesihlabathi noma zibe mnyama kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kunamabala emzimbeni.
Amaphiko ngokuvamile amnyama ukwedlula wonke umzimba, angaba mnyama kakhulu, asondele kumnyama, noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama, noma aluhlaza okotshani. Imvamisa, i-catfish ihlanganisa ama-shades amaningi ngasikhathi sinye, iphendukelane kahle - kubantu abasha lezi zinguquko zibukhali, imibala yazo ivame ukugqama kunabantu abadala, futhi ikakhulukazi kwi-catfish endala.
Umzimba we-catfish ngaphambili unesimo esiyindilinga, kepha ngokuya ngasemsileni, kulapho icindezela khona. Umsila unamandla amakhulu futhi made - cishe isigamu sobude bonke bezinhlanzi, amaphiko ngokuvamile anamandla impela, kepha ngenxa yobukhulu bawo ngejubane nokuhamba, i-catfish ingaphansi kwezinye izinhlanzi eziningi. Azikho izikali; esikhundleni salokho, isikhumba sabo sivikelwe inani elikhulu lamafinyila - izindlala ezinesibindi ezikhiqizayo ziyasebenza. Ngenxa yomhluzi, isikhumba esibucayi se-catfish sihlala singanyakazi, futhi umzimba waso ucwebezela kalula emanzini.
Ihlala kuphi ikati?
Isithombe: Catfish emfuleni
Itholakala kakhulu eYurophu, kufaka phakathi yonke iRussia yaseYurophu.
I-Catfish itholakala emigodini yemifula njenge:
- Rhine;
- ILoire;
- Hay;
- Ebro;
- Vistula;
- IDanube;
- Dnieper;
- IVolga;
- Kuban.
Lokho wukuthi, i-catfish ejwayelekile isatshalaliswa cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwamazwe aseduze noLwandle iMedithera, okuyilezi: iningi lezinhlonhlo zase-Iberia ne-Apennine, eCroatia, eGrisi, cishe yonke iScandinavia.
Phambilini, ibingatholakali nhlobo ePyrenees nase-Apennines, kepha yethulwa emuva ngekhulu le-19 emigodini yemifula i-Ebro nePo, lapho yanda khona ngempumelelo. Umkhuba ofanayo wawusetshenziswa kwezinye izimo eziningi, isibonelo, i-catfish yayingatholakali phambilini emifuleni yaseFrance, eNetherlands naseBelgium, eDenmark - kodwa ngemuva kokwethulwa, baba nezimpande kuyo.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, zitholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Asia Minor nase-Iran, kanye nase-Asia Ephakathi - amachibi ase-Amu Darya naseSyr Darya. Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, izinhlanzi ezazidonswa nge-catfish zakhishelwa echibini iBalkhash, futhi manje zizizwa zizinhle echibini uqobo nasemifuleni esesigodini sayo.
I-Catfish iyayithanda kakhulu imifula emikhulu, egcwele futhi ifinyelela osayizi abakhulu kakhulu kuyo. Izinhlanzi eziningi ezinkulu ezibanjwa eVolga nase-Ebro. Zikhetha amanzi afudumele, ngakho-ke azitholakali emifuleni yolwandle lwaseNyakatho empumalanga ye-Urals. Yize zihlala zihlala emanzini ahlanzekile, ziyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti - ngokwesibonelo, oLwandle Olumnyama ngasogwini lwaseTurkey, olwandle iBaltic kanye neCaspian.
Konke lokhu kusebenza ku-catfish ejwayelekile, abanye abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo nakho kuvamile e-Asia empumalanga - ngokwesibonelo, i-Amur catfish ihlala emifuleni yaseChina, Korea naseJapan, kanti i-Amur ithanda kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eSouth America, India, eziqhingini zase-Indonesia, nase Afrika.
I-catfish ejwayelekile ihlala ezansi echibini, imvamisa bathola indawo ethulile - umgodi ophakathi kwezinguzunga, bese uhlala lapho. Ababhukudi kude nomgodi abawukhethile nangesikhathi sokuzingela, futhi basebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sabo khona lapho. Kuyaqabukela bashintshe indawo abahlala kuyo, bangachitha nempilo yabo yonke kokukodwa.
Ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco kungadudulela ushintsho - khona-ke i-catfish iyantanta iye lapho kuzoba khona inyamazane enkulu, noma ubumswakama bamanzi - ikhetha kakhulu ubumsulwa bayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ngesikhathi sezikhukhula amanzi eba namafu, i-catfish ingahamba iyofuna indawo entsha yokuhlala.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-catfish. Ake sibone ukuthi inhlanzi enkulu idlani.
Idlani i-catfish?
Isithombe: Catfish ngaphansi kwamanzi
Ukudla kwe-catfish kuhluke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:
- inhlanzi;
- amanzi angenasawoti;
- izinyoni;
- izimbaza;
- izinambuzane;
- gazinga;
- izibungu;
- izibungu;
- izimila.
Imvamisa badla izidumbu, yingakho kuyinkohliso ejwayelekile yokuthi banomkhawulo kukho - kungenxa yokuthi le nhlanzi enkulu ibukeka ihamba kancane futhi ifiphele. Kepha inobungcweti obukhulu kunalokho okungase kubonakale, futhi yize isidumbu empeleni sakha ingxenye ebalulekile yemenyu, akuyona into engathandeki ukuluma i-catfish nemfuyo.
Ngakho-ke, zizingela izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene - zingabhukuda ziye ezikoleni zezinhlanzi ezincane futhi, zivule imilomo yazo zibanzi, zidle inqwaba yazo ngasikhathi sinye, noma zingazingela ezinkulu, njenge-bream noma i-pike perch. Bangadla nakuma-amphibian amakhulu njengexoxo, i-newt noma izinyoni zamanzi - yize kungavamile ukubanjwa.
Bangabamba badle izilwane ezifuyiwe ezibanjwe emanzini - amakati noma izinja ezincane. Kukhona ngisho namacala okuhlaselwa kwamathole abanjwe emanzini, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubantu. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe i-catfish iyingozi ngempela yini kumuntu, yaziwa ngokuthembekile kuphela ngabantu abalunywe yibo, ngengozi banyathela esidlekeni sabo.
I-catfish esencane izondla kakhulu ngokuthosa kwezinye izinhlanzi, izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu. Lapho sebekhulile, bangadla nakho konke okungenhla, kepha abazingeli ngamabomu - bavele bavule imilomo yabo bamunce zonke lezi zilwane ezincane kuyo.
Zizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kanti zombili zingakwazi ukufuna inyamazane ezansi, bese zikhuphukela phezulu, lapho ungathola khona izinhlanzi ezincane. Bayakhumbula lapho kwakushiywe khona inetha elidala, futhi bahlale belihlola ukuze babone ukuthi izinhlanzi zaphazamiseka lapho.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, badla izinhlanzi, futhi ngesikhathi sokuzingela bangafihla - imvamisa umbala wesikhumba sabo uhlangana nomfula, ukuze isisulu singaboni umzingeli isikhathi eside aze acishe abe semlonyeni wakhe. Uma esakwazi ukweqa, i-catfish ayimlandeli isikhathi eside.
Bagqamile ngokudla kwabo ngokweqile: ngisho becabanga ngosayizi wabo, badla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba imvelo iphile futhi inyamazane iba ningi - ebusika bayakwazi ukulamba kahle. Konke kudliwa lapha, kufaka phakathi izimila zasemanzini, yize i-catfish ivame ukuthanda ukudla kwezilwane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amadevu abaluleke kakhulu ku-catfish, iwasebenzisela ukubheka inyamazane - noma kumnyama bhuqe, ngosizo lwawo, i-catfish iyakuzwa ukusondela kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangasebenza njengesicupho - ngemuva kokufihla, uyabaveza futhi alobe izinhlanzi ezincane, azenze iphutha lokudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-catfish enkulu
I-Catfish ngamazambane osofa kanye nama-loners - bahlala isikhathi eside emgodini othulile abawuthandayo futhi abafuni ukuvumela noma ubani asondele kuwo. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kubantu abadala - njengoba gazinga ligcinwa emihlambini, ngakho-ke i-catfish esivele ikhule kancane ihlala kubo iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila. Uma kunokudla okuningi, khona-ke bangahlala ndawonye kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3-4, lapho-ke kufanele bafiphaze ngoba inhlanzi ngayinye idinga okuningi ukondla, ngakho-ke ikati ngalinye elikhulile kumele lithathe indawo yalo elingondla kuyo ngokukhululekile.
ICatfish iyasebenza ebusuku noma entathakusa - eyokugcina ibhekisa ikakhulu kubantu abasha abakhetha ukondla emanzini angajulile ngasogwini. Emini, i-catfish ikhetha ukuphumula emgodini wayo. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele kakhulu, bangaphuma emigodini emini, bese bebhukuda kancane, bejabulela ilanga.
Bathanda amanzi afudumele futhi ahlanzekile. Uma lina kakhulu futhi amanzi aguqubele, ayaphuma emgodini ayohlala eduze nomphezulu, lapho kuhlanzeke khona. I-Catfish ibhukuda ibheke phezulu ngisho nangaphambi kokuduma kwezulu - ishiya ngisho iminonjana eyehlukile kuleyo ephawula ukuhamba kwezinhlanzi ezincane, abadobi abanolwazi nabo bayazi kahle i-splash phakathi nokuhamba kwabo futhi bangakuhlukanisa nalokho okushicilelwe ezinye izinhlanzi. Abadobi bavame ukusebenzisa umuzwa omuhle wephunga le-catfish - baphonsa imfucuza yokudla emanzini bese bengeza okuthile okusha okuthosiwe emlilweni. Iphunga elinamandla liheha i-catfish, bese iphakama ekujuleni kwayo ukuze ibone ukuthi ikhipha ini.
Ebusika, umsebenzi wabo uyawa: bahlangana emihlambini yabantu abayi-5-10 balala emigodini ebusika. Zondla ngokungavamile ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi esiningi zisichitha zinganyakazi, ziwela ohlotsheni lokulala ubusika bonke. Ngentwasahlobo, alahlekelwa amanoni amaningi anqwabelene ngenkathi efudumele, kepha kuyafudumala lapho beqala ukudla futhi.
I-Catfish iphila isikhathi eside impela - iminyaka engama-30-60, kanti ama-specimens amadala futhi amakhulu kunawo wonke abanjwa ayeneminyaka engama-70-80 ubudala. Ngokukhula, i-catfish iyahamba kancane, ngenkathi idinga ukudla okwengeziwe, esikhundleni sokuzingela okusebenzayo, iqala nje ukubhukuda umlomo wayo uvulekile, izama ukuncela izidalwa eziphilayo - ichitha isikhathi esiningi ekudleni futhi iba nzima kakhulu ukuyondla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-catfish encane
ICatfish iqala ukuzala lapho amanzi efudumala ngokwanele - adinga ukushisa okungu-16-18 ° C. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, lokhu kungenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ngaphambi kokuzala, owesilisa wakha isidleke - uthola indawo elula emanzini angajulile, abambe umgodi esihlabathini, bese kuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda lapho.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ngekhilogremu elilodwa lesisindo, lizalela amaqanda angama-30,000 - okungukuthi, uma isisindo salo singama-25 kg, khona-ke kuzoba namaqanda angama-750,000! Vele, yingxenye encane kuphela yazo ezothosa, futhi okuncane kakhulu kuzophila kuze kube semdala - kepha i-catfish izala kahle. Lokhu kukhonjiswa ngumkhuba wokuzifaka emifuleni lapho zazingatholakali khona ngaphambilini: uma indawo yokuhlala ibafanele, inani elincane lokuqala le-catfish likhula ngamandla ngemuva kwamashumi ambalwa eminyaka, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50-70 awusekho umehluko nemifula lapho ikhona zitholwe ngokomlando - kokusha kukhona eziningi zazo.
Ngemuva kokuzala, owesifazane uyabhukuda ahambe - akasenandaba nesiphetho senzalo, futhi zonke izinkathazo zihlala kowesilisa. Uhlala njalo esidlekeni futhi wenza ukuvikela amaqanda, futhi njalo uletha amanzi amasha agcwele umoya-mpilo esidlekeni - lokhu kuyadingeka ekukhuleni okungcono kwenzalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kuvela amafry - angamamilimitha angaba ngu-6-8 ubude futhi abukeka njengonoshobishobi. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, zinamathela ezindongeni zesidleke bese zihlala kule ndawo isikhathi esingangesonto noma uhhafu, zondla esikhwameni se-yolk.
Kungalesosikhathi kuphela lapho beqala khona ukubhukuda futhi bafune ukudla - kepha ekuqaleni abasuki esidlekeni. Sonke lesi sikhathi amafry awanakho ukuzivikela ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke owesilisa uhlala nawo futhi avikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngemuva kwamasonto amane, ziyafiphaza - i-catfish encane ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi futhi ihlala ndawonye unyaka owodwa noma emibili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibe yinde.
Izitha zemvelo ze-catfish
Isithombe: Catfish
Okuwukuphela kwesitha se-catfish yabantu abadala ngabantu. Ayikho inhlanzi eyodwa yomfula ekwazi ukuqhathanisa nabo ngosayizi, futhi nangaphezulu ayibahlaseli, ngakho-ke bahlala ezindaweni zamanzi ngokukhululeka futhi bahlupheka kuphela ngomsebenzi wabantu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-catfish endala iluma kancane ngokuzithandela, kepha imbangela enkulu yokufa kwabo ukudoba.
Kancane kancane, ukudotshwa kwemikhonto kwe-catfish, lapho abazingeli behla khona nge-scuba diving, kungabamba ngisho enkulu kunazo zonke. Kepha ama-catfish amaningi asekhulile asakwazi ukusinda ngempumelelo ekugugeni. Kunzima kakhulu ngabantu abasha ukwenza lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngoba baluma ngokuzithandela kakhulu futhi babanjwa kaningi.
Kepha ne-catfish esencane ayisongelwa yinoma ngubani ngaphandle kwabantu. Ezinye izinhlanzi ezidlayo zingaba usongo kubo kuphela ngenkathi zisencane kakhulu; futhi kaningi kudla amaqanda noma gazinga. Kungaba yi-pike, burbot, asp, futhi cishe noma iyiphi enye inhlanzi yomfula. Kepha i-catfish yentsha ivame ukuvikelwa owesilisa osekhulile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-catfish kagesi ingenye yezinhlanzi ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Uhlala e-Afrika futhi uyakwazi ukukhiqiza imisinga kagesi enamandla - kufika kuma-volts angama-350, ngenxa yezitho ezitholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezihlanganisa iningi lomzimba wakhe. Ngosizo lukagesi, le catfish izishaqa izisulu zayo futhi iyazivikela ezitheni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-catfish enkulu
Izinhlobo azisongelwa, futhi inani lazo emifuleni yaseYurophu likhulu kakhulu. Le yinhlanzi edotshwa ngenkuthalo, ngoba inyama yayo inambitheka ephezulu, ithambile futhi inamafutha. Ngenxa yokudoba okunamandla kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20, ukwehla kwenani le-catfish kwaphawulwa emifuleni yaseRussia, kepha kuze kube manje akubalulekile.
Yize kwezinye izitsha zemifula sekuyivelakancane ngempela - ngokwesibonelo, eKarelia. Ukubanjwa kweCatfish ezweni lonke kwehle kakhulu. Kepha, njengoba umkhuba waseYurophu ukhombisa, uma uyeka ukubamba le nhlanzi ngenkuthalo, izokwanda ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, i-catfish yayingatholakali e-Rhine nasentshonalanga yayo, kepha-ke manje seziningi kulo mfula kanye nase-Ebro. I-Catfish kule mifula nayo ikhula ngosayizi minyaka yonke - ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi ezinesisindo sama-60-70 kg akusona isimanga.
Inani labo labantu landa ngokushesha kunoma yimuphi umcengezi wemifula, uma izakhamizi zendawo zingahlanganyeli kakhulu ekubambeni. Kungakho ibhalansi iqhubekela phambili iya entshonalanga - kunezinhlanzi eziningi ze-catfish emifuleni yaseNtshonalanga neYurophu Ephakathi, futhi kuncane - empumalanga, ezindaweni zabo zendabuko, ngoba bayakuthanda ukuzidla.
Isidlakudla semifula yaseYurophu - inhlanzi eyikati, isisulu esamukelekile sanoma yimuphi umdobi. Athosiwe, enziwe ngesobho esimnandi senhlanzi, ophaya, ama-cutlets, abhakwa nemifino, isitshulu - ngamafuphi, basungule izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa inyama yabo yethenda.AmaSoms athandwa kakhulu kangangokuba inani lawo emifuleni yaseRussia lehlile - kepha inhlanzi ebaluleke kangako akufanele iphucwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.07.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-21: 54
