Ihlathi ngomqondo wethu ojwayelekile liyindawo lapho kukhula khona izihlahla eziningi, amahlathi notshani. Futhi nabamele izilwane zasendle bahlala: izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane, njll. Ngomqondo obanzi, ihlathi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kwalapho impilo ekhona emhlabeni ingabakhona. Wonke amahlathi ahlukile komunye nomunye ngokuya ngesimo sezulu nezinye izinto. Kunezigaba eziningi ezisuselwa kwizimpawu ezahlukahlukene, cabanga ezinye zazo.
Amahlathi ahlabayo
Ihlathi elinqunyiwe lakhiwe yizinhlobo zezihlahla ezinamaqabunga. Azikho izihlahla zikaphayini noma ze-firs, esikhundleni sazo - i-aspen, i-willow, i-apula lasendle, i-oki, imephu, njll. Kepha isihlahla esivame kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwehlathi eRussia yi-birch. Ithobekile kakhulu, iyakwazi ukukhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi futhi inempilo engafika eminyakeni eyi-150.
Amahlathi aqothuka kakhulu atholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Izindawo lapho zikhula khona zibonakala ngesimo sezulu esipholile nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okucacile kwezinkathi zonyaka. Kulolu hlobo lwehlathi, kunezingqimba eziningana: izihlahla eziphakeme ngokwehlukile, bese kuba izihlahlana futhi, ekugcineni, ikhava yotshani. Ezimweni eziningi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zotshani kunezinhlobo zezihlahla.
Isici samahlathi ashabalazayo ukuhlanza amaqabunga ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ebandayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagatsha ezihlahla ayavezwa, futhi ihlathi liba "okusobala".
Amahlathi e-Broadleaf
Leli qembu liyisigaba sehlathi elihlakazekile futhi liqukethe izihlahla ezinamaqabunga amakhulu. Indawo ekhulayo ijwayele ukuya ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiswakeme futhi esinomswakamo ophakathi nendawo. Kumahlathi ahlabayo, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nokusatshalaliswa kwamazinga okushisa kuwo wonke unyaka wekhalenda kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele ngokujwayelekile.
Amahlathi amancane anamaqabunga
Leli qembu lakhiwe ngamahlathi, aphethwe yizihlahla ezinamaqabunga amancane amaqabunga. Njengomthetho, lezi yi-birch, aspen ne-alder. Lolu hlobo lwehlathi lusabalele kakhulu entshonalanga yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude.
Ihlathi elinamakhasi amancane yilona elilula kunawo wonke, njengoba amaqabunga engaphazamisi kakhulu ukuhamba kwelanga. Ngokunjalo, kunenhlabathi evundile nezinhlobonhlobo zezimila. Ngokungafani nama-conifers, izihlahla ezinamakhasi amancane azifuneki ngokwendawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke zivame ukuvela ezindaweni zokugawulwa kwezimboni nemililo yehlathi.
Amahlathi eConiferous
Lolu hlobo lwehlathi luqukethe izihlahla ze-coniferous: i-spruce, i-pine, i-fir, i-larch, umsedari, njll. Cishe zonke zihlala ziluhlaza, okungukuthi, azilahli zonke izinaliti ngasikhathi sinye futhi amagatsha awahlali engagunci. Okuhlukile yi-larch. Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezinaliti ze-coniferous ngaphambi kobusika, bazichitha ngendlela efanayo nezihlahla ezinqabayo.
Amahlathi eConiferous akhula ezindaweni ezibandayo, kwezinye izindawo edlula i-Arctic Circle. Lezi zinhlobo zikhona nasendaweni ezolile yesimo sezulu, kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo, kepha imelwe ngezinga elincane kakhulu.
Izihlahla zeConiferous zinomqhele ominyene ofaka indawo ezungezile. Ngesisekelo salesi sici, amahlathi amnyama we-coniferous and light coniferous ahlukaniswa. Uhlobo lokuqala lubonakala ngobuningi bomqhele kanye nokukhanyisa okuphansi komhlaba. Inomhlabathi omangele kanye nohlaza olungeluhle. Amahlathi akhanyayo we-coniferous ane-canopy encane, evumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukungena ngokukhululeka emhlabathini.
Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe
Ihlathi elixubekile libonakala ngokuba khona kwazo zombili izinhlobo zezihlahla eziqothulayo nezingumuthi we-coniferous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esihlanganisiwe sinikezwa uma kukhona okungaphezu kuka-5% wezinhlobo ezithile. Ihlathi elixubile livame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele nobusika obubandayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zotshani zikhulu kakhulu lapha kunasemahlathini e-coniferous. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqala kokukhanya okukhulu okungena phakathi kwemiqhele yezihlahla.
Amahlathi emvula
Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalolu hlobo lwamahlathi izindawo ezishisayo, ezenkabazwe nezingaphansi komhlaba. Zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke inkabazwe yoMhlaba. Izindawo ezishisayo zinezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimila. Kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zotshani, izihlahlana nezihlahla. Inani lezinto eziphilayo likhulu kakhulu kangangokuba kuyaqabukela ukuthola izitshalo ezimbili ezifanayo ezikhula zindawonye.
Amahlathi amaningi emvula anezigaba ezintathu. Lesi saphezulu senziwe ngezihlahla ezinkulu, ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-60. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zazo, ngakho-ke imiqhele ayivali, futhi ukukhanya kwelanga kungena ngobuningi obanele ezigabeni ezilandelayo. "Esitezi sesibili" kunezihlahla ezingafika kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Kwezinye izindawo, imiqhele yabo yakha umbhede ominyene, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphansi kunazo zonke zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kokukhanya.
Ihlathi le-Larch
Lolu hlobo lwehlathi luyi-coniferous, kepha lwehlukile kunalolo olufanayo emandleni alo okukhipha izinaliti ebusika. Uhlobo olukhulu lwesihlahla lapha yi-larch. Sihlahla lesicinile lesingakhula ngisho nasenhlabatsini lephansi kanye nasetimeni letinemandla kakhulu. Ifinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha angama-80, i-larch inomqhele ongajulile, ngakho-ke ayibeki isithiyo esikhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Amahlathi eLarch anomhlabathi ovundile kakhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla notshani ziyakhula. Futhi, kuvame ukuba nomhlonyane ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinamakhasi aphansi: i-alder, willow, shrub birch.
Lolu hlobo lwehlathi lusabalele e-Urals, eSiberia, kuze kufike e-Arctic Circle. Kunamahlathi amaningi e-larch eMpumalanga Ekude. Ama-latches avame ukukhula ezindaweni lapho ezinye izihlahla zingenakubakhona ngokomzimba. Lokhu kubenza babe yisisekelo sawo wonke amahlathi akulezi zifunda. Kaningi kulolu hlobo lwehlathi kunezindawo zokuzingela ezicebile, kanye namapheshana anenqwaba yamajikijolo namakhowe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-larch inekhono lokuhlanza kahle umoya kusuka ekungcoleni okuyingozi komkhiqizo wezimboni.
