I-Geology yisayensi efunda ukwakheka kweplanethi enguMhlaba, kanye nazo zonke izinqubo ezenzeka esakhiweni sayo. Izincazelo ezihlukile zikhuluma ngobuningi besayensi eziningana. Kodwa noma kungaba kanjani, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba ziyabandakanyeka ekutadisheni ukwakheka koMhlaba, okufuna amaminerali nezinye izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
Yaqala kanjani i-geology?
Kwenzekile ukuthi igama elithi "umlando we-geology" uqobo selivele limele isayensi ehlukile. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ukutadisha amaphethini wokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zolwazi oluhlobene nokwakheka komhlaba, ukutadisha inqubo yokuqongelela ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, nokunye. I-geology uqobo yavela kancane kancane - njengoba isintu sifinyelela umthwalo othile wesayensi.
Olunye lwezinsuku zokwakheka kwesayensi yanamuhla yokwakheka komhlaba yi-1683. Bese eLondon, ngokokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, banquma ukudweba izwe indawo yezinhlobo zenhlabathi namaminerali abalulekile. Ucwaningo olusebenzayo lwangaphakathi lomhlaba luqale engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18, lapho imboni esathuthuka ifuna inani elikhulu lamaminerali. Igalelo elikhulu ku-geology yangaleso sikhathi lenziwa ngusosayensi waseRussia uMikhail Lomonosov, owashicilela imisebenzi yakhe yesayensi ethi "The Word about the Birth of Metals from the Earthquake" kanye "On the Layers of the Earth."
Imephu yokuqala enemininingwane yokwakheka komhlaba, ehlanganisa indawo ehloniphekile, yavela ngo-1815. Yahlanganiswa yisazi semivubukulo saseNgilandi u-Ulyam Smith, owabeka uphawu engxenyeni yamatshe. Kamuva, ngokuqongelelwa kolwazi lwesayensi, ososayensi baqala ukugqamisa izinto eziningi ekwakhiweni koqweqwe lomhlaba, bakha amabalazwe afanele.
Ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, izingxenye ezahlukene zaqala ukuhlukaniswa ku-geology, ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokufunda - i-mineralogy, i-volcanology nezinye. Beqaphela ukubaluleka kolwazi olutholakele, kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bocwaningo, ososayensi benze amanyuvesi, izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezihlanganyela ocwaningweni olunzulu lweplanethi yethu.
Yini i-geologists efundayo?
Izazi ze-geologists zisebenza ezindaweni eziningana eziyinhloko:
- Ukutadisha isakhiwo soMhlaba.
Umhlaba wethu uyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele ekwakhiweni kwawo. Ngisho nomuntu ongazilungiselele angabona ukuthi ubuso beplanethi buhluke kakhulu, kuya ngendawo. Emaphuzu amabili, ibanga eliphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100-200, ukubukeka kwenhlabathi, amatshe, ukwakheka kwedwala, njll. Izici ezengeziwe ziqukethwe "ngaphakathi".
Lapho kwakhiwa izakhiwo futhi, ikakhulukazi, izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yini engaphansi kobuso bomhlaba endaweni ethile. Kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka noma kuyingozi ukwakha okuthile lapha. Ukuxakaniseka kwemisebenzi yokuhlola ukukhululeka, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka koqweqwe lomhlaba nokuthola leyo mininingwane kubizwa ngokuthi yi-engineering-geological survey.
- Sesha amaminerali
Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esiphezulu, esiqukethe inhlabathi namatshe amakhulu, kunenqwaba yemigodi egcwele amaminerali ahlukahlukene - amanzi, uwoyela, igesi, amaminerali. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu bekhipha lawa amaminerali ngezidingo zabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izazi ze-geologists zibandakanyeka ekuhloleni indawo yokufakwa kwama-ores, uwoyela nezinye izinsiza zemvelo.
- Ukuqoqa imininingwane ngezimo ezinobungozi
Kukhona izinto eziyingozi kakhulu ngaphakathi koMhlaba, isibonelo, i-magma. Kuyinto encibilikayo enezinga lokushisa elikhulu, elikwazi ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. I-Geology isiza ukubikezela ukuqala kanye nendawo yokuqhuma ukuze kuvikelwe abantu.
Futhi, ucwaningo lokwakheka komhlaba lwenza kube lula ukuthola izikhala ezisemgqeni womhlaba, ezingabhidlika kamuva. Ukuwa koqweqwe lomhlaba kuvame ukuhambisana nokuzamazama komhlaba.
I-geology yanamuhla
Namuhla i-geology yisayensi ethuthukile enenani elikhulu lezikhungo zobungcweti. Inani elikhulu lezikhungo zocwaningo lisebenza emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kwesimanje kuya ngokuya kudinga usizo lwama-geologists, ngoba izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyakhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba - izindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izitimela ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba, izindawo zokuvikela amabhomu, njalonjalo.
I-geology yezempi "igatsha" elihlukile le-geology yanamuhla. Izifundo nobuchwepheshe bokutadisha buyafana lapha, kepha izinhloso zingaphansi kwesifiso sokuhlela ukuzivikela kwezwe. Ngenxa yokwakheka komhlaba kwezempi, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe izakhiwo zezempi ezicatshangelwe kahle ezinamandla amakhulu okulwa.
Ungaba kanjani isazi sokuma komhlaba?
Ngokwanda kwevolumu yokwakha, kanye nesidingo samaminerali, kube nokwanda kwesidingo sochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Namuhla kunezinto ezikhethekile zokuma kwezwe ezindaweni eziningi zemfundo, ezemfundo yesibili neyaphezulu.
Ukufunda njenge-geologist, abafundi bathola hhayi kuphela ulwazi lwethiyori, kepha futhi baya nasezindaweni zokuqeqesha, lapho benza khona ukubamba izimayini zocwaningo neminye imisebenzi yobungcweti.
