Ama-Plovers yigama leqembu lezinhlobo ze-wader. Zinezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene nezindlela zokuphila, kepha kunento eyodwa ezihlanganisayo: usayizi omzimba omncane kuya kokulingene nemilenze emide, intamo namaphiko. Leli qembu lifaka ngqo umndeni wama-plovers.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobo ezifana:
- ama-plover egolide;
- ama-plover anamaphiko ansundu;
- tulesa.
Yize ukufana kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ekuziphatheni nasekubukekeni, lezi zinyoni zinokungafani okuthile. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma ngemikhuba yama-plovers, njengomthetho, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwama-subspecies esikhuluma ngalo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-plover
Abamele umndeni we-plover bakhetha ukuhlala ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zomhlaba. Indawo abahlala kuyo isakazeke enyakatho yeRussia, eCanada nase-Alaska kanti kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela i-Arctic Circle.
Ungabona futhi inyoni enjalo emazweni aseScandinavia nasenyakatho yeJalimane. Phambilini, babetholakala eYurophu Ephakathi ngamanani amakhulu, kepha manje ungakuhlangana lapho ngengozi.
Njengenyoni desert, plo ukhetha izikhala ezinkulu ezimbaxa lapho angahambisa khona ukugijima nezindiza ezimfishane. Le yindlela aziphatha ngayo lapho engadingi ukwenza uhambo lwasebusika ezifundeni ezifudumele.
Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zenza izindiza ezinde bese zikhetha ukulinda izinyanga ezibandayo kunazo zonke eNgilandi, e-Argentina, nasemagqumeni nasemadlelweni asezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Ngezinye izikhathi bahlala ngisho naseCaucasus naseMelika Ephakathi. Ngokwesiko, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-plover zikhetha izinkomba ezihlukile zezindiza. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezinamaphiko ansundu zikhetha ukuhlala e-Argentina, kepha i-plover yegolide yanelisekile ngokuhlala ebusika eNgilandi ebandayo.
UPlover uhlala ku-tundra nasezimfundeni nasezimasimini ezinamanzi, kuncamela ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-plovers aze akhethe izindawo ezigcwele amanzi impilo yonke. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuthola ukudla.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila kweplover
I-plover yegolide ingummeleli omaphakathi womndeni we-wader. Inomlomo omkhulu okwehlukanisa izinto ezilukhuni, njengamagobolondo amancane.
Umbala wezimpaphe zawo ubunsundu ngokumpunga, kepha entwasahlobo abesilisa banombala ogqame kakhulu. Le nyoni ichitha impilo yayo yonke emakhazeni, futhi kaningi futhi iba nezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, lapho, njengeziningi zezimila zasemanzini, zigijima ngokushesha okukhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile zihlwithe inyamazane ngomlomo wayo.
Ebusika, i-plover indiza, njengomthetho, ihlala ngaphakathi kweNyakatho Yurophu. Uvame ukukhetha iNgilandi ebusika. Ijubane le-plover yegolide lapho indiza ifinyelela ku-50 km / h.
I-plover enamaphiko ansundu ngaphandle, ngokumangazayo, icace kakhulu kunegolide. Izimpaphe zayo ziqukethe inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Kunomugqa omhlophe ngasemhlane wakhe, futhi umsila wakhe unaleyo hue yegolide.
Ngezindlela eziningi uhola indlela yokuphila efana nodadewabo, kepha wenza izindiza ezinde kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, endleleni, i-plover enamaphiko ansundu ayifuni noma yikuphi ukudla noma ukudla, futhi cishe ayimi ize ifinyelele ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika.
Ama-Tules ngolunye uhlobo lweshizi elivame ukukhonjwa ngenxa yobukhulu balo obukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni. Kodwa-ke, useduze isihlobo se-plover ezivamile futhi zingezomndeni owodwa.
Inombala ogqamile omhlophe onsundu noma omnyama nomhlophe futhi ikhetha ukudla okuvela kubantu abahlala emanzini, ngakho-ke, ihlala eduze kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi kunamanye ama-subspecies. Yize kunjalo, uthola nokudla ngokungaphonsa ngokushesha ngenkathi egijima, noma ngama-dives amafushane.
Ukudla
I-plover yegolide idla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, kusukela ojekamanzi kuya kubhungane. Akayideleli iminenke, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye - zonke izinhlobo zezibungu, amakhokho namaqanda. Lapho i- plover yegolide kufanele ifuduke phakathi namakhaza asebusika, ihlala ezinhlangothini zamaNgisi bese idla ama-crustaceans lapho.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-plover yegolide nayo ibamba imbewu yezitshalo, amajikijolo awo namahlumela aluhlaza. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwakhe zonke izinhlobo zamaphakethe kungabhekwa njengokuhluka kakhulu. I-plover enamaphiko ansundu uthanda nokudla izinambuzane, iminenke nama-crustaceans, kepha kuyaqabukela edla izingxenye zezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, ekudleni kwakhe, lapho enaka izitshalo, indawo eyinhloko ihlala ngamajikijolo. Unentshisekelo encane kumahlumela nembewu kunegolide.
Ama Thules wona abhekisisa kakhulu iminenke, ama-molluscs kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ubuye adle nezitshalo ngezinga elincane kune igolide ploverimvamisa badla kuphela imbewu noma amajikijolo abo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo kweplover
Plover - inyoni, ukuhlela izidleke zayo emigodini emincane emhlabathini phakathi kwendawo evulekile, futhi lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke amalungu ezinhlobo. Izidleke zifakwe umkhuhlane, kepha hhayi obukhulu kakhulu. Njengomthetho, bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekufukameleni kwamaqanda, elinye lawo, uma kunesidingo, lihlala esidlekeni, kanti elinye lithola ukudla bese lihambisa izilwane ezidla ezinye eceleni.
Noma kunjalo, imvamisa insikazi kuphela ehlala esidlekeni, futhi owesilisa ubheka okwenzekayo nxazonke ngenhla. Lokhu kuvumela ama-plovers ukuthi abone ubungozi ngesikhathi futhi asabele ngokufanele.
I-plover yegolide nama-tules kuvamise ukuba namaqanda amane ezidlekeni zawo, onke anombala onsundu, nawo angaba opinki noma wegolide, futhi angahle acishe abe mnyama, imvamisa enamabala amnyama ezansi, eduze kokuphela okuncane.
Azizaleli amaqanda ngokushesha, kepha zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili, kwesinye isikhathi kube nokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. I-plover enamaphiko ansundu ikhiqiza amaqanda amabili noma amathathu kuphela, futhi onke amhlophe ngamachashaza amnyama.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufukamela amaqanda ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamapholoji sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-23 kuye kwezingama-30, ngemuva kwalokho amaphuphu achamisela amandla aphelele okuzondla, yize embozwe nge-soft fluff. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esisuka enyangeni kuye enyangeni eyodwa nohhafu, ekugcineni bavuthwa bese beshiya isidleke. Umjikelezo wentuthuko we-plover yegolide uhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu; uyifushane kunayo yonke ku-plover enamaphiko ansundu.
Plover iphuphu
Njenganoma ngubani sandpiper, plover unesikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe. Kuze kube manje, impilo ebhalwe phansi ngokusemthethweni ye-plover yegolide yiminyaka eyishumi nambili kuphela. I-plover enamaphiko ansundu ifinyelela eshumini nane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neminyaka eyishumi nesithupha.
UTulesa angabizwa ngokuthi yisibindi sangempela phakathi kwabamele lolu hlobo - uphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nalesi sikhathi sithathwa njengeside phakathi kwezinyoni ze-waders. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila esilinganiselwe kuvame ukuba yiminyaka emine kuya kweyishumi kuphela.
