Kuyamangaza ukuthi amasiko ethu, izinto zasendlini, izitsha zabantu zihlangana kanjani nemvelo. Abaningi babukela amafilimu wezinganekwane ebuntwaneni, futhi bakhumbula umshini wokumisa ngomlingo wedada, owavela emthonjeni ngesikhathi esidingeka kakhulu.
Futhi emvelweni kukhona amadada anjalo empeleni, abizwa ngokuthi ama-dives. Kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamadada okuntywila, namuhla sizobheka idada elihlanganisiwe noma idada elihlanganisiwe.
Incazelo nezici
Phakathi kwamanye amadada duck crested ivelele ngohlobo "lwekhanda" ekhanda. Isigejane sezimpaphe ezinde ezilenga ezindwangu zezingulube siyenza ibonakale. Yize izazi zemvelo nabazingeli bekhomba leli dada ngezimpaphe ezinhle zesilisa. Umhlane, ikhanda, intamo, isifuba, umsila kumnyama-mnyama ngamalahle, isisu nezinhlangothi zimhlophe qhwa.
ICrested Duck Male
Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baphinde babize idada eliqhekekile ngokuthi "emaceleni amhlophe" nangokuthi "chernushka". Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izingubo zedrake azikhanyi kangako; eduze nekwindla, uba nenhle kakhulu. Indoda nayo ibukeka kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, bese izimpaphe ekhanda layo zifakwa ku-blue-violet noma luhlaza okotshani.
Idada lensikazi liqhamukile kubukeka kunesizotha kakhulu. Lapho idrake inombala omnyama, inezimpaphe ezinsundu ngombala, isisu kuphela esimhlophe esifanayo. I-crest nayo iyabonakala kakhulu kowesilisa, entombini ayiveli kangako. Emaphikweni ezinhlobonhlobo zombili zocansi, amabala amhlophe oblong ayabonakala njengamawindi.
Umlomo unombala ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izidladla nazo zimpunga ngezingqimba ezimnyama. Ikhanda elikhudlwana kunesimo esiyindilinga futhi libekwe entanyeni encane emincane. Amehlo aphuzi ngokugqamile, agqame ngamalambu ngemuva kwezimpaphe ezimnyama.
Amajuba afika onyakeni ngombala asondele kowesifazane ngezimpaphe, alula kancane nje. Imvamisa, kusuke kuzwakala insikazi, "owesilisa" uncamela ukuthula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izwi lenduna ebumbene ngokushesha likhaphela ubulili. Owesilisa unakho lokhu kugedla okuthe cwaka nokushaya amakhwela "guyin-guyin", insikazi ine "croak" ekhonondayo.
Lalela izwi lombusi omkhulu:
Abadada besifazane (kwesobunxele) kanye nabesilisa abajiyile
Usayizi wedada uthathwa njengosayizi ophakathi nendawo, mncane kune-mallard. Ubude bucishe bube ngu-45-50 cm, isisindo sowesilisa singu-650-1050 g, esifazane singu-600-900 g. Idada elibunjiwe esithombeni ikakhulukazi enhle entweni yamanzi omdabu. Indawo ethule isibuko sedada elihle lesibili. Futhi owesilisa ubukeka ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda seqhwa, ikakhulukazi emuva kwakhe kwe-anthracite.
Izinhlobo
Ngaphezu kwe-crested, izinhlobo eziningana zingezinhlobo zamadada.
- Idada elinekhanda elibomvu Idada lokuntywila elilinganiselwe elihlala esimweni sezulu esipholile sezwekazi lethu, kanye nasesifundeni esincane esisenyakatho ye-Afrika. Indlela aphila ngayo nendawo ahlala kuyo iyafana nenduna ese-crested, ajwayele ukwabelana ngayo ngezindawo zokuhlala nezinsizakusebenza zokudla.
Umehluko omkhulu: kudrake ngesikhathi sokumatanisa, ikhanda kanye ne-goiter kudwetshwe ngombala obomvu noma obomvu-we-chestnut, abanayo i-tuft. Osondele kakhulu kuye ngokubukeka WaseMelika futhi unekhala elibomvu elinekhala elide amadada okuntywila ahlala eNyakatho Melika. Ngaphandle kokuthi eyodwa inekhanda eliyindilinga ngaphezulu, kanti elinye linomlomo omude nobanzi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kudrake enekhanda elibomvu, ikhanda ne-goiter zithola izimpaphe ezinsundu.
- Idada lekhola Ingabe idada lokuntywila elincane elivela eNyakatho Melika. Kubukeka njengesifanekiso esincishisiwe se-tufted, kuphela ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Ubusika ikakhulukazi eGulf of Mexico, yize kwesinye isikhathi kufika eLwandle lweCaribbean.
- Ukuntywila Kwebaer - Izinhlobo ezingavamile zamadada ezisohlwini lweRed Book yaseRussia. Ezweni lethu, uhlala esifundeni sase-Amur, eKhabarovsk Territory nasePrimorye. Ingatholakala eduze kwe-Amur eChina. Ubusika eziqhingini zaseJapan, eChina naseNhlonhlweni YaseKorea.
I-Ber's dive iyinhlobo yamadada angavamile
- Idada elinamehlo amhlophe (amnyama anamehlo amhlophe) - idada elincane elinesisindo esifinyelela ku-650 g. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala zinsundu, kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana idrake lihlotshiswe ngesisu esimhlophe ne-goiter, bese izinhlangothi zibe bomvu-mnyama.
Ithole igama le-iris ephuzi ephuzi yamehlo, ebonakala imhlophe buqamama. Insikazi inamehlo ansundu. Uhlala e-Asia Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga. Ifana kakhulu naleli dada Ukudilika e-Australia... Inendawo yokuhlala ehlukile kuphela - izwe lakubo liseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia.
- IMadagascar iyacwila Ingabe idada lokuntywila elingandile kakhulu. Iminyaka eminingi ibithathwa njengezilwane ezingasekho kwaze kwaba yilapho itholakala futhi ngo-2006 eMadagascar eLake Matsaborimena. Okwamanje, kunabantu abadala abangaphezu nje kwekhulu. Umbala onsundu obukeka ungaphandle onombala ompunga ngemuva. Amehlo noqhwaku nakho kuyimpunga. Ukukhanya okucashile kubonakala ngemuva kwamehlo nasemaphikweni.
- Idada laseNew Zealand - Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-dives, eyodwa ayinakho umehluko oqinile ezinhlobonhlobo zocansi. Womabili amadraki namadada ambozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu ngokufana. Amehlo abo kuphela anemibala ehlukene - kowesilisa aphuzi, kowesifazane - onsundu womnqumo. Bahlala, njengoba kucacile, eNew Zealand, bekhetha amachibi ajulile ahlanzekile, kwesinye isikhathi anezintaba, atholakala endaweni ephakeme ye-1000 m.
Esithombeni, owesilisa nowesifazane wedada laseNew Zealand
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, izinhlobo ezi-2 ziyafana nedada elihlanganisiwe:
- Ulwandle olumnyama... Uvame ukudideka ne-heroine yethu, lapho bethanda kakhulu ukugcina inkampani eyodwa, kepha lapho ihlolisiswa banokuhlukahluka okuningana. Okokuqala, umkhulu. Idrake yabantu abadala ingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1.3 kg. Umehluko olandelayo uqhwaku. Iyanda ngezansi cishe ngama-40%. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi azinawo ama-crests, futhi ingemuva lowesifazane akuyona yombala onsundu onemonochromatic, kepha imbozwe imibhoshongo evulekile yemigqa emincane emnyama nemhlophe. Emaceleni omlomo, insikazi inomugqa omhlophe obonakalayo, ngakho-ke ibizwa nge- "Belouska". Ukuzalela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, indawo yokuhlala enethezekile - ama-latitropical arctic latitudes. Ubusika ogwini lweCaspian, iBlack, uLwandle iMedithera, kanye nogu oluseningizimu yeSakhalin.
- Ulwandle oluncane Idada liphinda umbala wedada lasolwandle elikhudlwana, kodwa linokuqina okuncane nomsila ongenhla onemigqa omnyama nomhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyisivakashi esingavamile eYurophu, indawo yakubo iNyakatho Melika, eCanada, kwesinye isikhathi inyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
ICrested Duck iyinyoni efudukayo. Kuzala endaweni epholile nasenyakatho ye-Eurasia, kukhethwa izindawo ezingamahlathi. Ingatholakala e-Iceland naseNgilandi, eNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia, esigodini saseKolyma, e-Kola Peninsula, eFrance ephucukile, eJalimane naseSwitzerland, naseziQhingini Ezinabantu abambalwa.
Uhlala e-Ukraine, eTransbaikalia, e-Altai Territory naseMongolia, e-Kazakhstan nasezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga, kanye naseziqhingini zaseJapan. Abantu baseNyakatho bangaphezu kobusika ogwini lwaseBaltic nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, eduze nolwandle i-Atlantic.
Idada elibunjiwe lapho lindiza
Abamele abaphakathi baqoqanela ubusika eduze noLwandle Olumnyama kanye nolwaseCaspian, bathuthele oLwandle iMedithera, kanye naseningizimu yeNdiya kanye neChina, futhi baze bandize baye enyakatho ye-Afrika, eNayile Valley. Kodwa-ke, abantu basatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. Kwezinye izifunda, inani layo eliphambili, kwezinye akuyona neze.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uthanda ukuhlala ezinhlakeni ezinkulu zamanzi. Izikhukhula zemifula, amachibi asemahlathini, amachibi olwandle - yizindawo ezikahle zokuthi aphile. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, zihlala ngasemabhange, emihlangeni nakwezinye izimila.
Bachitha cishe sonke isikhathi sabo emanzini, ukubhukuda nokudilika ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-4, ama-dives ajulile ayaziwa - aze afike kumamitha ayi-12. Angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Kusuka ngaphezulu kwedamu bavuka ngomzamo, ngemuva kokugijima, bekhulisa umthombo wesifutho nomsindo kuyo yonke le ndawo. Kepha indiza uqobo iyashesha futhi ithule.
Njengawo wonke amadada, ahamba ngokungahambi kahle emhlabathini, egwedla. Zidala ngababili, zigonene emakoloni amancane, kuthi ebusika zihlangane ngemihlambi eyizinkulungwane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Ngobusika obufudumele, indiza ingabambezeleka kuze kube nguNovemba.
Eminye imibhangqwana ihlala ebusika emizimbeni yamanzi engabandi. Umbono omangalisayo ukuhamba komhlambi onjalo. Amadada andiza ngokushelela, ngenhloso, gcina ibanga. Kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala sengathi bashaya amaphiko abo ngokulingana, ngomyalo.
Idada elibunjiwe ekwindla
Idada elibunjiwe ekwindla - into ekhangayo ekuzingeleni ezemidlalo nezithombe. Inyama yakhe ayinambitheki enhle, inika udaka nenhlanzi, kepha iqiniso lokuthi ubamba idada lokuntywila lidonsa injabulo enkulu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kombusi kungacatshangelwa ikakhulukazi amaprotheni. Uzitholela izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-molluscs amancane, ojekamanzi, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi ezincane. Izinyoni zamanzi zivame ukucwila emanzini ukuze zithole ukudla. Isebenzisa izitshalo emanzini nasogwini njengesengezo kokuphakelayo okuyinhloko.
Ukudla kudla ngokwenziwa emini, kwesinye isikhathi, kaningi kakhulu, kungadliwa ebusuku. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka duck diving ngenhloso ngenkathi uzingela. Akwaziwa ukuthi ukwazile kanjani ukwenza isisulu ngokujula, kepha ngokuphazima kweso kwenziwa i-coup, futhi manje idada elimnyama liqhekekile i-torpedo encane yaya ezansi. Ukubamba umoya ngaphansi kwamanzi kungaba umona kabhukudi onolwazi. Uyakwazi ukugwinya isisulu esincane echibini. Ngesisulu esikhulu, kufanele ukhuphuke.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Iminyaka yokuzala yenzeke ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuzalwa. Babuyela emakhaya abo lapho imizimba yamanzi isivele isisuse ngokuphelele iqhwa, eningizimu kuba ukuqala kuka-Ephreli, enyakatho - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kwakhiwa umbhangqwana ngesikhathi sasebusika, futhi esisodwa sempilo.
Umama uvale idada namachwane
Lapho ufika ekhaya, asikho isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi sazane. Kodwa ukuqomisana kuyisiko eliyimpoqo. UDrake wenza umdanso wokukhwelana ngokwesintu ezungeze intombi yakhe emanzini, ephelezelwa ukukhala. Izidleke zihlelwa ngemuva kokunyamalala kwamanzi amakhulu, kungaba eziqhingini ezincane, noma ogwini ngqo, ezimileni eziminyene.
Ibanga phakathi kwezidleke alinakuba ngaphezu kwamamitha ambalwa. Isidleke uqobo lwaso sibukeka njengesitsha esikhulu esakhiwe ngeziqu namaqabunga. Owesifazane kuphela owakhayo. Uhlinzeka ngokucophelela ukuphuma okuhle emanzini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo unaka kakhulu ukufihla.
Ukusuka ngaphakathi, umama okhulelwe uzidonsela phansi ngesifutho, edabula isisu sakhe ngokuzidela. Ngo bamba kukhona amaqanda kusuka 8 kuya ku-11, umbala pearlescent-oluhlaza. Usayizi weqanda ngalinye ucishe ube ngama-60x40 mm, futhi unesisindo esingu-56 g. Akuvamile, kodwa kunamaqhuqhuva amakhulu amaqanda angama-30.
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho abesifazane abaningi bebeka amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa ngenxa yokushoda kwemeta yokwakha. Insikazi ingashiya i-clutch enjalo. Ngemuva kwalokho uqhubekela ekufukameleni, okuthatha amasonto ama-3,5-4. Ubuye futhi enze le nqubo eyedwa.
Amachwane enduna eboshiwe
Uma i-clutch ilahleka nganoma yisiphi isizathu, idada liyashesha ukubeka amaqanda futhi. Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaphuphu, iduna liya molt. Amachwane achamisela cishe izinsuku ezingama-25 ubudala futhi umama uyaqhubeka nokuzinakekela.
Amantshontsho amadada akhula ngokushesha, ngaphansi kokuholwa ngumama wawo ayaphuma angene emanzini, ubuye awafundise ukutshuza nokuzitholela ukudla. Cishe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amadada amancane ayaqina futhi "athathe amaphiko awo." Manje bazohlangana ngemihlambi bese beqala ukuba ngabantu abadala.
Ngokwemvelo, mnyama kungaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7-8. Leli dada lihlala futhi lizalane liphephile ngisho nasemachibini asedolobheni futhi lingahlala ebusika emifuleni engabandi kakhulu. Imizimba yamanzi ehlanzekile ibaluleke kakhulu enduneni ekhonjiwe, ngoba ayigobi nje kuphela futhi iyadla, kodwa ihlala kuyo.
Le nyoni ibekezelela ukungcoliswa kwe-technogenic kabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, yize isatshalaliswa kabanzi, abaningi bakhathazekile ngalo mbuzo - duck crested in the Red Book noma cha? Ngempela, ngo-2001, idada lalibhalwe kuRed Book of Moscow kanye naseMoscow Region njengezilwane ezisengozini. Kepha kwezinye izindawo akukacatshangwa kanjalo.
