Izindlovu (Elephantidae) zingumndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezingaphansi kwe-oda le-Proboscidae. Njengamanje, lo mndeni umelwe yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kakhulu zomhlaba. Izindlovu ziyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kalula ekukhanyeni kwesibuko, okungenye yezimpawu zokuzazi.
Isikhathi sokuphila sendlovu
Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezincelisayo ze-oda i-Proboscidea ngaso sonke isikhathi sizohluka ngokuya hhayi kuphela ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, kepha futhi kucatshangelwa izinto ezibalulekile njengendawo yokuhlala, iminyaka yobudala nezimo zokudla okunempilo. Yize iqiniso lokuthi izingane zezindlovu zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu nezinamandla kakhulu, izilwane ezindala ezincelisayo zingabheka abantu kuphela nezici zemvelo ezingathandeki njengezitha eziyinhloko neziwukuphela kwemvelo.
Ngokwezibalo zakamuva nje, zingama-500-600 kuphela izinkulungwane zezindlovu zase-Afrika ezihlala endle, okuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ziphila cishe eminyakeni engama-60-70, futhi ziqhubeke nokukhula kancane kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Inani lezindlovu zase-Afrika nalo alilikhulu kakhulu, futhi ukwehla kwamanani kuhlotshaniswa nokwenziwa ihlane kwawo wonke amazwe, ukuqothulwa kwezilwane ngenxa yezinyo lendlovu nokufuduswa kwabantu.
Indlovu ayikhethi ekukhetheni ukudla, kepha isikhathi sayo sokuphila sincike ngqo esimweni nasezingeni lokugqokwa kwamazinyo... Lapho nje isilwane siyeka ukusebenzisa amazinyo aso, ukufa okungenakugwemeka kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhathala okukhulu. Njengomthetho, eduze neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, izinguquko ezingenakulungiswa ezinqubweni zokuhlafuna zenzeka, amazinyo abhujiswa, futhi isilwane esincelisayo sife kancane kancane ngendlala.
Izindlovu zihlala isikhathi esingakanani ekuthunjweni
Njengoba izibalo zibonisa, isikhathi sokuphila sezindlovu ezibanjiwe siphansi kakhulu kunaleso sezilwane ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo. Isibonelo, izindlovu zase-Afrika nezaseKenya ezihlala ekuthunjweni zifa ngaphambi kokufika eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, kanti abantu bezinhlobo zaseKenya bayakwazi ukuphila ngokwemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Phakathi kokunye, izinga lokufa kwezindlovu ezizalelwe ekuthunjweni yi-oda eliphakeme kakhulu kunezimo zemvelo.
Okubalulekile!Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi izimo ezithandeka kakhulu zokugcina izilwane zasendle zakhiwa ema-zoo nasezinkulisa, isikhathi sokuphila sendlovu ekuthunjweni sicishe siphindwe kathathu kunesilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwesilwane esincelisayo.
Ososayensi bachaza lesi simo ngenhlangano yengqondo ecashile kakhulu yalesi silwane senyama nesithembekile. Izindlovu zingadabuka futhi zikhale, kepha futhi zingathokoza futhi zihleke.... Banenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, izindlovu zinesibopho esikhulu sezifo zezihlobo zazo futhi zizungeze abagulayo ngokunakwa nokunakekelwa, kuthi ngemuva kokufa benze isiko lomngcwabo lonke, bafafaza umzimba ngomhlaba bese bemboza amagatsha.
Izindlovu zihlala iminyaka emingaki emvelweni
Izindlovu ezindala zinkulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, abesilisa bendlovu yaseNdiya bangaphansi kancane ngosayizi wezindlovu ze-savannah, kepha ngisho nobukhulu bazo buhlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi bungu-6.0-6.4 m ngesisindo somzimba esingamathani ayi-5.4.
Ukuqhathanisa, indlovu endala ehlathini inesisindo esicishe sibe amathani ayi-7. Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obumangalisayo, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo azinazo izitha lapho sezikhulile. Kodwa-ke, izindlovu ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala zivame ukuba yizisulu zamabhubesi, izingwe, izingwenya ngisho nezimpisi. Kuke kube nezimo lapho izindlovu zishayisana nobhejane abakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, cishe isigamu sezindlovu ezincane zifa zingakafiki ngisho eminyakeni yobudala eyishumi nanhlanu. Njengoba zikhula, amazinga okufa kancane kancane ehla aze afike eminyakeni yobudala engama-45, ngemuva kwalokho avuke futhi. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwamazinyo okugcina endlovu, amandla okuhlafuna ngokugcwele ukudla abakutholayo alahleka ngokuphelele nokufa ngenxa yendlala kwenzeka... Ezindlovu zaseNdiya, izinsalela zomhlathi zibuyiselwa esikhundleni izikhathi eziyisithupha phakathi nokuphila kwazo, bese kuthi okwakamuva kuqhume iminyaka engamashumi amane.
Futhi, izingozi ezahlukahlukene zingabangelwa izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa, kufaka phakathi ukulimala kanye nezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-proboscis. Izindlovu zivame ukuhlushwa izifo ezingelapheki njenge-arthritis nesifo sofuba, kanye nezifo zegazi - i-septicemia. Ngokuvamile, namuhla, okuwukuphela kwesidalwa esinomthelela omubi esintwini sezindlovu ngabantu.
Izici ezibalulekile zempilo yendlovu
Ukuze kugcinwe impilo yabo, izindlovu, noma ngabe ziphi izinhlobo, zidinga ukuhamba kakhulu. Izindlovu, njengomthetho, zihola lokho okubizwa ngokuthi impilo yokufuduka, futhi umhlambi ungaba nezilwane eziyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ezingomndeni owodwa noma ezihlangene ngobungani. Isikhathi nokuqondiswa komzila ngamunye womhlambi kukhethwa owesifazane osebenza kakhulu futhi ohlakaniphile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ekubonweni kososayensi abaningi, izindlovu ezihlala ezindaweni ezinokhuni, ekuziphatheni kwazo, zihluke kakhulu kozakwabo abaningi abahlala ezindaweni ezigcwele.
Kuma-zoo nasezinkulisa, indlovu ihlinzekwa ngokudla, nesidingo sokulondolozwa kwemvelo ngokomzimba siyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Phakathi kokunye, ayikho inkulisa eyodwa noma i-zoo ezokwazi ukukhokha indawo eyanele yokugcina indlovu, ukuhamba nokuyigeza, ngakho-ke, lapho ithunjiwe, isilwane sifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunezihlobo zaso ezihlala endle.
Ukwehla okucijile ikakhulukazi kwendawo yokusatshalaliswa kanye nenani lezindlovu zasendle kuye kwaphawulwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, okuhlotshaniswa nokwandiswa okukhulu kwezindawo ezinikezwe umhlaba wezolimo namasimu e-eucalyptus. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqoqwe emasimini anjalo zaziswa kakhulu embonini yamaphepha ne-pulp yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezenzo zomthetho ekuvikelweni kwezindlovu, lesi silwane siya ngokuya sibhujiswa njengesilokazane esibi sezolimo.... Phakathi kokunye, ukuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu kuyathuthukiswa. Isibonelo, izinsikazi zendlovu yase-Asia cishe azibulawa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, lokho kungenxa yokungabikho kwamazinyo, futhi ukuzingelwa kwabesilisa kuvame kakhulu futhi kuhlotshaniswa nesilwane esikhokhelwa kakhulu sezinyo lendlovu. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elanele labesilisa laba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhetha okuqinile kwisilinganiso sobulili, esingathinti kabi kuphela inani labantu, kepha nezakhi zofuzo zezindlovu.
